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以早熟品种早丰、宋家早为对照,对选育的7个泰山板栗早熟优系在幼树生长结果、栗实品质等方面进行了调查分析,采用平均隶属度方法进行早熟板栗优系的分析评价。结果表明,7个板栗优系在结果母枝的发枝习性、幼树生长、单位面积产量、栗实外观以及营养品质等方面,与对照品种早丰、宋家早有一定或较大差异。以栗实单粒质量、单位面积产量、单粒质量标准差、含糖量等为主要评价指标,按照平均隶属度排序认为光华栗、上港早熟优系综合性状明显优于宋家早、早丰,黄前早熟、赵峪早熟等优系综合性状较好,建议生产推广应用。八亩地早熟表现产量偏低,不适宜泰安市及山东省丘陵山地发展。 相似文献
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本研究通过对板栗种质资源丰富的泰山的实生板栗大树进行良种选育,在对优系生长结果,栗实品质调查的基础上,通过初选、实地调查、专家复选,确定23个优系在3种不同立地条件下建优系对比园。通过各优系的生物学特性、早实丰产性、栗实品质进行对比分析,采用最大隶属度原则进行排序,筛选出综合品质前4位的5号、8号1、6和20号。筛选出的4个优系在不同立地条件上表现丰产稳产,4 a生株产在2.0kg以上,比对照石丰株产高70%~190%,平均投影面积产量在0.5 kg以上。栗实综合品质优良,单粒重在8.0g以上,红褐色或紫褐色,茸毛少或较少,富光泽,栗实整齐均匀,含糖量在18.0%以上,栗肉细、味香、糯性强,栗实品质优于石丰。 相似文献
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《经济林研究》2017,(4)
为了研究不同板栗品种(单株)果实重要农艺性状的遗传变异规律,对34个板栗品种(单株)的果实外观特征和种仁营养物质进行了观测,并应用模糊数学法对不同品种(单株)果实品质进行了隶属函数模糊评价。研究结果表明:不同品种(单株)板栗球果的质量、横径、纵径和果实的质量、果形指数、出仁率间均存在极显著差异,其中,实生树(011号)的果形指数(1.82)最大,桂花香(298号)品种的单果平均质量和种仁平均质量均最大,特早(182号)品种的出仁率最高;不同品种(单株)板栗种实的可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量间均存在极显著差异。通过分析板栗品种(系)栗实的单粒质量、干物质、淀粉、可溶性糖等指标的测试数据,建立了各指标的线性隶属函数,在对各隶属度进行加权平均的基础上,根据最大隶属原则对各品质指标进行了排序,综合权重比较得出,尖顶油栗(358号)、汪字头7号(283号)、岑口大栗(374号)、桂花香(25号)及双合大红袍(216号)等品种的果实品质均最佳。 相似文献
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《经济林研究》2014,(1)
为客观评价短枝型板栗资源在当前生产中的地位及其对新种质创制的意义,以‘沂蒙短枝’、‘燕山短枝’和‘超短枝1号’为试材,研究比较了3个短枝型矮化板栗资源的植物学特性、生长结果习性、坚果性状、丰产性和抗逆性等主要栽培性状。结果表明:‘超短枝1号’树体最矮,结果枝长度最短(13.2 cm)且数量最多(2.25条),但坚果最小,仅为6.9 g,外观品质较差,产量介于另2个资源之间,树势易衰,抗逆性差,受立地条件影响明显。‘沂蒙短枝’树势中庸,短枝性状介于‘超短枝1号’与‘燕山短枝’之间,耐短截,产量最高,坚果单粒质量7.3 g,较小,外观品质不佳,同时抗逆性不强,受肥水影响明显。‘燕山短枝’树势强旺,枝条粗壮,结果枝比例最高,达到75.7%,抗逆性强,坚果最大,单粒质量8.8 g,外形美观,但产量不及以上2个资源,且易产生二次果。 相似文献
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5个果桑品种(系)的经济性状和果实营养成分的分析与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了筛选出适合推广的新优果桑品种,以生产中主栽的‘大十’‘红果2号’以及新选育的‘优系1’‘优系3’‘优系2’为供试品种(系),测定其经济性状和各营养物质含量,用SPSS分析软件进行差异显著性分析和相关性分析,利用隶属函数法对果实营养成分进行综合评价。结果表明:5个供试品种(系)的经济性状和果实营养成分均存在显著差异,按营养品质好坏排序为:优系1优系3大十优系2红果2号,优系1是一个优良的加工品种,优系3是一个鲜食口感好、营养保健价值高的鲜食兼加工品种,优系2是一个好的鲜食品种。 相似文献
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燕山板栗营养品质的模糊综合评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了给华北地区选育优良板栗品种提供理论依据,采用模糊综合评价方法对燕山和山东板栗的营养品质进行了测评,结果表明:被测评的各品种板栗的单粒质量、蛋白质含量、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、糊化温度的差异极显著;其支链淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量和还原性糖含量的差异不显著。通过建立各指标的线性隶属函数,根据最大隶属原则进行品质排序,确定出燕山短枝、短雄、垂枝栗1号、燕昌、遵达栗等品种为优质品种;同时发现,糊化温度和板栗品质的排名呈现极显著正相关关系。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献