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1.
《林业实用技术》2019,(12)
为了探明生物有机肥对苹果腐烂病和病疤愈合能力的影响,以甘肃陇东黄土高原区盛果期富士苹果为试材,通过连续3年施用生物有机肥试验,比较研究了果园土壤中分别施用生物有机肥2.5 kg/株(处理A)、5 kg/株(处理B)和7.5 kg/株(处理C)对苹果腐烂病病情指数、发病率和病疤愈合能力的影响。结果表明:连续2年、3年施用生物有机肥后,2.5 kg/株(处理A)能够显著降低苹果腐烂病的发生程度;不论施用生物有机肥1年、2年还是3年,5 kg/株(处理B)和7.5 kg/株(处理C)均能有效防控苹果腐烂病的发生;5 kg/株(处理B)和7.5 kg/株(处理C)在降低苹果腐烂病病情指数和发生率及提高病疤愈合能力方面均显著优于2.5 kg/株(处理A);但5 kg/株(处理B)和7.5 kg/株(处理C)二者之间,各项试验指标均无显著差异。从降低苹果腐烂病发生程度、促进病疤愈合能力、减少经济投入综合考虑,5 kg/株(处理B)是比较理想的生物有机肥施用水平。 相似文献
2.
《西部林业科学》2016,(5)
在广西巴马县选取6年生的油茶人工林为研究对象,连续3年开展不同施肥量(0.25kg/株、0.50kg/株、0.75kg/株、1.00kg/株、1.25kg/株和不施肥)对油茶中幼林树高、地径、冠幅的影响研究。试验共设6个处理,分别是处理1(0.25kg/株)、处理2(0.50kg/株)、处理3(0.75kg/株)、处理4(1.00kg/株)、处理5(1.25kg/株)和处理CK(不施肥)。结果表明,各施肥处理对油茶中幼林的树高、地径、冠幅增长表现不一致。其中,处理CK对各营养生长指标的影响效果最小;施肥量为1.00kg/株的处理对油茶树高生长的促进效果最大;施肥量为0.50kg/株的处理对油茶地径、冠幅生长的促进效果最大。综合考虑施肥成本和生长情况,以0.50kg/株的施肥量对油茶人工幼林营养生长的促进效果最佳。 相似文献
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不同有机肥（豆饼、猪粪、鸡粪、绿肥）、地面覆盖（生草覆盖、地膜覆盖）处理对（木柰）果实品质的影响。试验结果表明：有机肥处理能提高（木柰）果可溶性固形物（TSS）、总糖、总酸含量和固酸比以及果实耐贮性，有机肥处理中以豆饼施用效果最明显；猪粪、鸡粪其次；豆饼、猪粪和鸡粪还能有效减少果面黑斑和果肉木栓化。覆盖处理中以地膜覆盖提高果实品质的效果较明显，但对果实的耐贮性影响不大。有机肥提高（木柰）品质和耐贮性的效果较覆盖处理好。 相似文献
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赤霉素多效唑及摘心对薄壳山核桃容器苗生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用不同浓度赤霉素和多效唑溶液分别喷施薄壳山核桃容器苗叶面;用不同浓度赤霉素溶液涂抹薄壳山核桃容器苗茎基部;在薄壳山核桃容器苗生长旺季初期分3个时期进行摘心试验。结果表明,叶面喷施不同浓度赤霉素溶液能显著促进薄壳山核桃容器苗的株高生长,但对增粗生长无显著影响。不同溶度赤霉素溶液涂抹薄壳山核桃容器苗茎基部、不同浓度多效唑溶液喷施薄壳山核桃容器苗叶面及不同时期摘心处理,都能显著促进薄壳山核桃的增粗生长。以600 mg/L的赤霉素溶液涂抹茎基部对苗木生长效果最好,以300 mg/L的多效唑溶液喷施叶面、6月18日摘心对苗木的增粗效果最佳。 相似文献
7.
山核桃投产林林下套种绿肥效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为增加山核桃投产林林下植被覆盖度、提高林地水土保持效果,增加土壤肥力,2008—2009年开展了山核桃林下套种1年生黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、白三叶、红三叶以及紫花苜蓿等5种绿肥,对其生物量、土壤有机质、林下昆虫多样性、果实产量和品质的影响进行研究(清耕为对照)。结果表明:(1)林下套种绿肥显著增加林下植被生物量,以1年生黑麦草效果为好,鲜质量和干质量分别达到55 000和9 420 kg/hm2,套种白三叶使土壤有机质增加了2.3 g/kg;(2)林下套种绿肥有利于增加害虫天敌数量和减少害虫密度,其中主要害虫山核桃蚜虫、山核桃花蕾蛆等害虫密度分别降低了57.14%和36.45%;(3)林下套种绿肥显著提高山核桃产量,套种平均产量为821.55kg/hm2,较对照增加12.46%,套种后果品品质也明显提高;(4)综合评价5种套种绿肥的效果后认为,山核桃林下以套种白三叶、1年生黑麦草和多年生黑麦草较好。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(9)
【目的】探究不同氮磷钾配比施肥对薄壳山核桃幼苗生理生长的影响,以期找出适合薄壳山核桃幼苗生长的一套施肥方案。【方法】以薄壳山核桃一年生品种‘马罕’(Mahan)嫁接苗为试验材料,采用土壤盆栽试验,根据L9(34)正交试验设计,进行3因子(N、P、K)3水平(N,4 g/株;P,2 g/株;K,1 g/株。N,6 g/株;P,3 g/株;K,3 g/株。N,8 g/株;P,4 g/株;K,5 g/株)配比施肥试验,以不施肥为对照,研究不同处理对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长(苗高、地径、生物量)及生理特性(可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、谷氨酰胺合成酶和硝酸还原酶)的影响。【结果】氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)对薄壳山核桃的生长指标影响效应为N K P;氮肥对苗高影响显著,平均高出对照(CK)39.13%;氮肥对地径也有显著影响,平均高出对照26.01%;氮肥和钾肥对幼苗地上生物量和地下生物量的影响显著,分别平均高出对照9.32%和45.27%。氮和磷对可溶性蛋白影响显著,平均高出对照19.25%;氮、磷、钾均对可溶性糖有显著影响,平均高出对照15.19%;氮对谷氨酰胺合成酶影响显著,平均高出对照72.79%;氮对硝酸还原酶也具有显著影响,平均高出对照32.1%。【结论】合理的配比施肥能够显著促进薄壳山核桃幼苗生长,同时也提高了主要碳氮代谢物的含量和关键酶的活性。 相似文献
9.
在闽北开展雷竹施肥试验,设置4种施肥处理：不施肥对照(处理1),施用氮磷钾复合肥(375 kg/667 m2,处理2),施用有机肥(腐熟的鸡粪5 t/667 m2,处理3),施用有机肥与氮磷钾复合肥(腐熟的鸡粪3 t/667 m2和氮磷钾复合肥150 kg/667 m2,处理4),分析不同施肥处理对雷竹叶片光合色素含量、光合特性、竹林生长、笋产量和品质等的影响,筛选出适合闽北雷竹经营的优化施肥方案。结果表明：不同施肥处理对雷竹叶片光合色素含量的影响未达到显著差异水平,但对竹林的光合特性、生长量、笋产量和笋营养物质含量均产生显著性差异影响;光合特性指标表现最优的是处理3和处理4,竹林生长效果最好的为处理2和处理4,竹笋产量和笋品质表现最优的是处理4和处理3。综合分析认为,最优施肥方案为处理4,即施用有机肥(腐熟的鸡粪)3 t/667 m2+氮磷钾复合肥150 kg/667 m2,该施肥处理可有效提升雷竹光合作用效率、促进竹林生长、增加竹笋产量及提高竹笋营养价... 相似文献
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《经济林研究》2018,(4)
为探索播种时间、裸根苗套袋及拉枝角度对皖南地区薄壳山核桃苗木生长的影响,以不同品种和树龄的薄壳山核桃为试验材料,对比不同播种时间、裸根苗整株套袋处理、拉枝角度等处理中薄壳山核桃的生长量、成活率、结果短枝数量。结果表明:(1)冬播覆膜对种子出苗率无显著影响,对幼苗生长量有显著影响,冬播覆膜措施下的1年生苗地径比春播粗2.18 mm,苗高比春播高38.5 cm;(2)薄壳山核桃裸根苗移栽整株套袋处理的成活率与对照组间存在显著差异,整株套袋提高了裸根苗移栽的成活率;(3)薄壳山核桃拉枝角度为45°时与拉枝角度65°、85°和105°处理的平均结果短枝数均存在显著差异,拉枝角度在85°时结果短枝数最多。即薄壳山核桃冬播生长量比春播生长量大,裸根苗移栽套袋处理的成活率增加,拉枝角度处于85°短枝数最多。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献