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在北方地区,温水性鱼类(如罗非鱼、淡水石斑、黑鲷等)受水温限制必须利用温室进行越冬,笔者根据多年的鱼类温室养殖实践,总结了几条注意事项,简单加以介绍,供同仁参考。1.彻底消毒鱼类移入温室内前10天左右,室内水泥池及相应管道、渠道用生石灰375ppm~500ppm或漂白粉30ppm~50pp 相似文献
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黑鲷俗称黑加吉、黑立、海鲋等，喜栖于沙泥底质或多岩礁底的浅海水域，一般不作远距离洄游，对环境适应性较强属名贵经济鱼类，是海水中养殖的主要品种之一。 黑鲷在北方地区养殖，由于受冬、春季水温偏低的制约，一般从 11月至翌年 4月长达半年时间在室内饲养并需一定量的热能和相应的配套措施。现结合本场鱼种越冬生产试验，对黑鲷鱼种越冬技术作一浅探。 一、越冬室与越冬池 越冬室可专建，也可利用对虾或其它育苗室改建，关键是室内增温和保温性能良好，要求背风向阳。 越冬池，多为水泥结构，长方形，面积以 20～ 40… 相似文献
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传统养殖理论认为，冬季水温较低，鱼类新陈代谢活动缓慢，停止摄食，对水质要求不高，不需要施用石灰和磷肥为水体补充钙、磷。其实不然。在冬季低温条件下．提高水体的钙、磷含量，更有利于改善水质条件和鱼类生理代谢状况。既可增强鱼体抗寒能力，提高越冬存活率，又能保持越冬前的正常生理指标，在开春后充分发挥生长潜力．提高养殖产量和经济效益。 相似文献
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1鱼类
在鱼类冬季养殖中，大菱鲆等鱼类数量最多，它们最适宜生长的水温是16～22℃。近年来，许多养殖业已逐步由海面网箱转向工厂化养殖，并且利用深海水进行养殖，因为深处海水的温度可以达到12℃左右，大大降低了能耗。室内工厂化养殖的海水需人为更换，而在冬天为了保温， 相似文献
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乐清湾自然条件优越，海水中营养盐类含量适度，水质好，水温适宜，有利于各种饵性浮游生物及经济鱼类的繁衍生息，为进一步开发利用乐清湾浅海资源，在原有海水网箱养殖的基础上，拟开展鱼，贝，藻的综合立体养殖。 相似文献
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１９９１－１９９２年，在河北省黄骅市滩涂进行混水养殖黑鲷技术研究。海水透明度仅８ｃｍ左右，夏季水温能升至３４℃。采取下隐措施；逐渐增加黑鲷种苗池的海水混浊度；建立摄食条件反射，养鱼池中控环形深沟，堆起人工鱼礁。结果：种苗中间培育成活率为７１．７％，越冬成活率为９５．３％，养成成活率为９９％，平均亩产量为４１８．３ｋｇ． 相似文献
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黑鲷是一种名贵的海产经济鱼类,也是重要的海水养殖对象。其多以鱼、虾、贝类和海藻为食,适宜生长水温18～25℃,适盐范围8～32,最适盐度25～28。几年来,由于其资源衰退,产量远远满足不了消费者的需求,而充分利用现有虾池进行黑鲷养殖,可提高池塘养 相似文献
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为了实现规模化人工养殖小丑鱼(Amphiprioninae),研发了小丑鱼室内循环水养殖设施和技术。1组循环水养殖系统由10个玻璃钢养殖桶和1个水处理玻璃缸及管道系统组成,采用物理过滤、生化过滤、藻板过滤进行循环水处理。1组循环水养殖系统每3个月可养殖产出全长约3.5 cm的商品小丑鱼5 000尾,养殖存活率达80%以上。从2014年至2015年,利用该设施养殖生产出商品小丑鱼10余万尾。和常规的食用海水鱼循环水养殖设施相比,小丑鱼室内循环水养殖系统主要减少了蛋白分离器、气浮机、微滤机等设备,增加了藻板过滤设施。研究表明,小丑鱼室内循环水养殖系统建造成本低、运行能耗低、管理维护简单、水质稳定,可基本实现全封闭循环水养殖,适合进行小丑鱼等海水珊瑚礁观赏鱼类的规模化养殖生产。 相似文献
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Yossi Tal Harold J. Schreier Kevin R. Sowers John D. Stubblefield Allen R. Place Yonathan Zohar 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,286(1-2):28-35
Reduced fishery harvests and increased consumer demand for seafood have precipitated an increase in intensive fish farming, predominantly in coastal and open ocean net-pens. However, as currently practiced, aquaculture is widely viewed as detrimental to the environment and typical operations are vulnerable to environmental influences, including pollution and endemic diseases. Here we report the development of a land-based, marine recirculating aquaculture system that is fully contained, with virtually no environmental impact as a result of highly efficient biological waste treatment and water recycling. Over 99% of the water volume was recycled daily by integrating aerobic nitrification to eliminate toxic ammonia and, for the first time, simultaneous, anaerobic denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation, to convert ammonia and nitrate to nitrogen gas. Hydrogen sulfide generated by the separated endogenous organic solids was used as an electron source for nitrate reduction via autotrophic denitrification and the remaining organic solids were converted to methane and carbon dioxide. System viability was validated by growing gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) from 61 g to 412 g for a total of 1.7 tons in a record 131 days with 99% fish survival. Ammonia nitrite and nitrate did not exceed an average daily concentration of 0.8 mg/l, 0.2 mg/l and 150 mg/l, respectively. Food conversion values were 16% lower than recorded levels for net-pen aquaculture and saltwater usage of less than 16 l/every kg of fish produced. The system is site-independent, biosecure, devoid of environmental contaminants and is not restricted to a single species. 相似文献
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A high rate algal pond (HRAP) system was used to treat effluent from a recirculating sea water aquaculture system in southern France. Dicentrarchus labrax L. were farmed at a high density, with effluents containing an average of 10 mg L?1 dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and 1.3 mg L?1 reactive phosphorus (RP). On a yearly basis, the algal pond removed 59% of the dissolved nitrogen and 56% of the phosphorus input, which was converted into 3.3 kg DW m?2 algae. Green macroalgae were dominant throughout the year and the algal biomass mirrored the seasonal changes in daily irradiance and temperature. This first year study supports the possibility of treating marine aquaculture wastes using HPAPs, although conditions will have to be found to mitigate the strong influence of climate on the algal community during winter. During the more temperate season, only 150 m2 of treatment ponds would be necessary to remove the nutrients produced by 1 ton of fish. Treated water was characterized by a high pH, elevated levels of dissolved oxygen (midday value) and low concentrations of nutrients and suspended solids. The absence of toxic phytoplankton meant that the water could be recycled through the farm tanks. 相似文献
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我国水产养殖设施模式发展研究 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
作为世界水产养殖大国,我国的养殖设施模式要走上可持续发展的轨道,应该在为健康养殖提供进一步保障的前提下,更加注重系统在"节水、节地、节能、减排"方面的功效。养殖池塘、流水型养殖设施、循环水养殖设施和网箱养殖设施是我国集约化养殖的主要设施模式。这些设施在发挥巨大生产力的同时,在养殖水环境控制、水资源利用、生产系统效益、系统对环境的影响等方面,不同程度地存在着问题或矛盾,没能发挥出现代设施系统在健康养殖和产业可持续发展上应有的作用。本文在对以上4种主要养殖设施模式进行分析的基础上,结合养殖设施科技领域的研究成果,提出未来我国水产养殖设施模式的发展方向以及需要解决的重大科技问题,包括池塘工程化生态养殖设施、节水型养殖设施、经济型循环水养殖设施、系统化深水网箱养殖设施等4种发展模式。 相似文献
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石斑鱼循环水养殖系统及水源热泵应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过构建石斑鱼的循环水养殖系统及水源热泵加温系统,达到在北方大规模养殖石斑鱼的目的。养殖系统由养殖池、弧型筛、循环泵、蛋白分离器、浸没式生物滤池、脱气池、溶氧池、紫外线灭菌器、液氧站组成。采用养殖废水收集及过滤装置处理后的养殖废水作为水源热泵的水源,通过2个冬季的运行,其冬季制热的平均制热能效比(COP)为2.66。在系统中养殖的第1批青斑鱼11个月内由24.41 g生长到480.66 g,存活率超过97%。养殖的第2批青斑12个月内由23.36 g生长到400.46 g,存活率达到84.5%。养殖的珍珠龙胆石斑7个月内由48.46 g生长到511.36 g,存活率达到71.24%。养殖的东星斑12个月内由41.13 g生长到223.56 g,存活率达到65.52%。本系统可实现青斑、珍珠龙胆石斑、东星斑等品种的常年均衡生长,并可降低石斑鱼的养殖成本。 相似文献
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依据排放成因,初步建立了海水鱼养殖中二氧化碳排放负荷和排放强度的测算方法;依据竹内俊郎法并综合考虑生物滤池处理效率,初步建立了海水鱼养殖的氮、磷排放负荷和排放强度以及排放总量的测算方法;依据海上生活污水排放标准,初步建立了氮、磷瞬时排放浓度的测算方法;利用浓度限值法测算了黄海冷水团区域氮、磷的环境容量。以大西洋鲑养殖数据为基础,测算了6种养殖模式的碳、氮、磷排放负荷和排放强度,并将测算的氮、磷年排放量、瞬时排放浓度的结果与黄海冷水团区域的环境容量进行比较分析,初步评估了养殖活动对环境的影响。结果显示,网箱养殖模式的二氧化碳排放负荷和排放强度均显著低于其他模式,循环水养殖模式的氮排放负荷和排放强度均显著低于全流水养殖模式,而6种养殖模式之间,磷排放负荷和排放强度的差异不显著,磷排放是制约扩大养殖规模的主要因素。 相似文献
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Ludwig C.A. Naegel 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1977,10(1):17-24
A pilot plant of ca 2000 l of recirculating fresh water for intensive fish production was constructed in a controlled-environment greenhouse. The feasibility was examined of using nutrients from fish waste-water, mainly oxidized nitrogenous compounds, for plant production, combined with an activated sludge system for water purification.The reduction of nitrates, formed during the extended aeration process by nitrifying bacteria, was not sufficient by higher plants and unicellular algae alone to reduce the nitrate concentration in our system significantly. An additional microbial denitrification step had to be included to effect maximal decrease in nitrogenous compounds.For fish culture in the pilot plant Tilapia mossambica and Cyprinus carpio were chosen as experimental fishes. Both fish species showed significant weight increases during the course of the experiment.Ice-lettuce and tomatoes were tested both in recirculating water and in batch culture. The unicellular algae Scenedesmus spp. were grown in a non-sterile batch culture. All plants grew well in the waste-water without additional nutrients.Determination of the physical and chemical parameters for optimum water purification, the most suitable ratio of denitrification by plants and by microorganisms, and the most favourable fish and plant species for combined culture in recirculating water are important and of current interest in view of the increasing demand for clean, fresh water, and the pressing need to find new ways of producing protein for human nutrition under prevailing conditions of an exponentially expanding world population. 相似文献
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The increasing number of depleted, overexploited and recovering world marine stocks, together with increasing demand for fish and need for sustainable management of aquatic resources has led to a gradual shift to inland intensive aquaculture with water reuse. Intensive recirculating systems are becoming a rapidly developing sector of aquaculture, with the objectives to increase production and minimize environmental impact. However, transfer of technologies from original sites to locations of different climate is not always successful. The present study evaluates the use of an open recirculating system in a temperate climate. The 3‐year study showed successful production with better fish growth and feed utilization than in a flow‐through facility at the same site, but presented significant issues necessitating changes in technology as well as physical adaptations. A positive effect of the technology with respect to the environment is possible, but systems must be adapted to temperate climatic conditions. 相似文献
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为探讨聚丙烯塑料发泡材料(EPP)、悬浮球填料和海绵填料对集装箱循环水养殖废水中细菌吸附性能的差异,以及3种填料挂膜启动和挂膜成熟后对氨氮(NH_4~+-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2~--N)和硝酸盐氮(NO_3~--N)的净水效果,以集装箱循环水养殖废水为研究对象,采用自然挂膜的方式进行了为期3个月的试验,并对相关指标进行测定。结果显示:EPP填料对养殖废水中细菌的吸附能力最好,另外两种填料对细菌的吸附能力次之并且差异不显著(P0.05);3种填料自然挂膜成熟的时间分别为21 d、26 d和30 d;各填料挂膜成熟后处理高浓度NH_4~+-N养殖废水时,NH_4~+-N浓度与NO_2~--N浓度之间的关系可以用多项式y=ax~2+bx+c进行拟合,NH_4~+-N浓度与NO_3~--N浓度之间的关系可以用对数式y=aln(x)+b进行拟合。研究表明:EPP填料、悬浮球填料和海绵填料均可作为生物填料用于集装箱循环水养殖系统。 相似文献
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海水工厂化养殖水处理系统的装备技术研究 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
工厂化养鱼(尤其是全封闭高密度养殖方式)是依靠工艺和设施装备技术的支撑，运用生态学原理及环境条件控制手段进行科学养殖。本文围绕海水工厂化养殖系统主要工艺环节(去除固体废弃物和水溶性有害物质、消毒、增氧、调温、水质测控)中涉及的装备技术和应用进行讨论。 相似文献