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城市经营和管理的目标是维持健康的城市生态系统。森林作为最重要的城市生态基础元素,对城市生态系统健康的维持是必不可少的。本文在讨论城市生态系统健康概念的基础上,提出了重庆北部新区城市生态系统健康调控途径．认为森林是城市生态系统健康调控必不可少的要素,森林工程是实现健康城市生态系统的最佳途径。提出了建设具有长江上游生态新区特色的城市森林是北部新区森林工程的主要目标．实现森林城市目标的途径包括保育原生态基础元素、遵循“大集中。小分散”原则合理布局城市森林空间结构、构建城市森林生态网络体系,论文最后对北部新区森林工程的几个模式进行了思考和讨论。 相似文献
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城市森林是城市生态系统的主体,具有多方面的功能。随着我国城镇化率的提高,建立结构合理、功能强大的城市森林生态系统显得十分必要和迫切。文章论述了城市森林的主要功能,阐述了建设城市森林的必要性。 相似文献
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森林在调节全球气候系统、减缓温室效应扩散以及保持碳平衡等方面具有无法取替的作用。碳储量是反映森林生态环境的重要指标。因此,如何准确有效地对森林生态系统中的碳储量进行估算和对森林生态系统的碳汇做出准确的评价,具有非常重大的现实意义。 相似文献
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森林生态系统健康及其内涵理解 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文粗略地介绍了生态系统健康的研究历史,并主要从管理目标途径、生态系统途径和综合途径三种思路对森林生态系统健康的定义、概念理解及森林生态系统健康的内涵理解进行了详细的探讨。为推动我国目前的森林生态系统健康研究,我们应该更多关注生态系统的特性。参16。 相似文献
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基于生态系统服务空间分异的武汉市城市森林经营策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
城市森林发挥着诸多不可替代的生态系统服务,影响着区域生态安全。改善城市森林结构,提升其生态系统服务,是森林可持续经营的重要目标和趋势。本文以武汉市为例,通过城市森林生态系统服务空间分异研究,探索城市森林可持续经营策略。基于实地调查数据、森林资源调查数据和遥感数据,运用相关生态学模型,从森林植被类型、城市化梯度、功能类型间关系等方面研究武汉市森林生态系统服务的变异特征,在此基础上提出了面向生态系统服务提升的城市森林可持续经营对策。研究结果表明:武汉市森林生态系统服务在植被类型间和功能类型间存在明显分异特征,马尾松杉木常绿针叶林、落叶阔叶林、灌木林等生态系统服务价值占比较高,其中马尾松杉木常绿针叶林生态服务功能价值占总价值比例为44.30%,达97.70×10~8元·a~(-1),其他类型森林生态系统服务价值所占比例均小于5%;森林生态系统服务空间分异明显,黄陂区森林生态系统服务价值总量最高,占比为41.46%(91.43×10~8元·a~(-1)),新洲和江夏次之,占总价值的20.84%和19.21%,其他区占比均低于5%。尽管近年来武汉市城市绿化投入较大,但森林面积较小,中幼龄林面积比例较大,林种结构单一,纯林面积比例较高等问题是影响武汉市森林生态系统服务供给水平的关键因素。后续森林生态系统管理中,应围绕森林面积提升、加强中幼龄林管理,改善森林群落结构,优化森林景观格局等提升森林生态系统服务的供给水平和供给结构,为武汉市城市生态安全提供重要保障。 相似文献
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采伐对森林生态系统的影响综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业资源管理》2017,(3):35-40
采伐既是收获林产品,也是森林抚育的重要内容,对森林质量与可持续经营意义重大。综述了各种采伐方式对森林结构、生产力、生物多样性及土壤质量等森林生态系统要素的影响,旨在引起人们对合理森林采伐措施的重视。结合经营目标和森林现状,提出合理的采伐方式与强度,以期在获得林产品的同时保障森林可持续经营与森林生态系统稳定。 相似文献
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基于全球气候变化谈判的森林碳汇研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
为进一步了解森林生态系统的碳汇功能和国际气候谈判,通过查阅资料,对全球气候变化以及CO2的温室效应、气候谈判的现状、实质以及主要发达国家温室气体的减排动态进行了简单的总结.就森林生态系统的碳汇潜力,碳汇作用的非持久性问题进行了探讨.综述了不同时期森林生态系统碳汇研究的成果以及国际森林碳汇项目的动态.分析了森林碳汇项目实施过程中存在的主要问题,并提出我国在国际气候谈判、温室气体减排和造林、再造林等林业碳汇项目中应采取积极立场和应对措施. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Forest management affects carbon sequestration (mitigation) and resilience of forest ecosystems (adaptation) under climate change. Therefore, the efforts to integrate these two approaches have been made by the political arrangements to seek the synergy effects and deal with trade-offs. To study the state of the art linkages and forest policies to realize both adaptation and mitigation, we systematically review the literature highlighting the topic (136 publications) and outline two different approaches from Germany and Japan as countries with substantial forest resources and high influences on international forest policies and wood trade. We identify three linkages: (1) an ecosystem (based) approach assuming that a resilient ecosystem (adaptation), has high potential as a carbon sink (mitigation), (2) a sustainable forest management (SFM) aiming for enhancing forests’ resilience and carbon sink potential simultaneously, and (3) a cross-sectoral approach generating synergies among multiple sectors of agriculture, forestry, urban design, and nature conservation. We find that a significant objective is still SFM for sustaining the forest area andwood production, where SFM examples in Germany and Japan exemplify contributions to carbon sinks and ongoing disaster risk management, respectively. Overall, the current differentiated objectives of SFM do not underpin the twofold approach and their synergy effects. 相似文献
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Carbon sinks constitute an important element within the complex phenomenon of global climate change,and forest ecosystems are important global carbon sinks.The Natural Forest Protection Program(NFPP) is an ecological program in China that was established after catastrophic flooding in the country in 1998.The goals of the NFPP are to curb the deterioration of the ecological environment,strengthen the protection and restoration of habitat to increase biodiversity,and rehabilitate natural forests to support sustainable development in forest regions.This study looked at changes in carbon sequestration in a forested area of northeast China after the inception of the NFPP.The program divides China's natural forests into three classes—commercial and two types of noneconomic forests—that are subject to management regimes prescribing varying levels of timber harvest,afforestation,and reforestation.During the 18-year period from 1998 to 2015,the total amount of carbon sequestration increased at an average annual rate of 0.04 MT C.This trend reflects a transformation of forest management practices after implementation of the NFPP that resulted in prohibited and/or restricted logging and tighter regulation of allowable harvest levels for specific areas.In documenting this trend,guidelines for more effective implementation of forestry programs such as the NFPP in other countries in the future are also suggested. 相似文献
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森林、林业活动与温室气体的减排增汇 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
大气中CO_2等温室气体浓度上升引起的全球变暖,威胁着人类生存和社会经济的可持续发展。在减少温室气体排放、稳定大气CO_2浓度的措施中,森林和林业活动扮演着重要的角色。森林可吸收并固定大气CO_2,是大气CO_2的吸收汇和贮存库;而毁林是大气CO_2的重要排放源。通过适当的林业活动可增强碳吸收汇、保护现有的碳贮存,通过替代措施可减少化石燃料引起的温室气体排放。因此,林业活动在未来减缓大气温室气体上升方面将发挥重要作用。阐明了全球和中国森林生态系统在减缓大气CO_2浓度上升中的作用以及与土地利用变化和林业有关的减排增汇措施和潜力,以期对我国制定CO_2减排增汇政策提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Climate change is affecting the world’s ecosystems and threatening the economic system, livelihoods and availability of natural
resources. Forest ecosystems can be carbon sources or sinks and are therefore integrated in international climate policy.
Forest-related carbon mitigation projects are threatened by climate change through altered environmental conditions and forest
processes, as well as through synergistic effects of climate change impacts with already existing socioeconomic and environmental
stressors. Data on risk management and adaptation strategies were collected by a survey of 28 current forest projects targeting
climate change mitigation. Ten of these represent the officially implemented afforestation (A) and reforestation (R) activities
under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto protocol. Additionally, the official methodologies for AR activities under the CDM (Scope 14)
were examined for potential climate change adaptation requirements. As a result, the adaptation of forest mitigation projects
to climate change is found to be insufficient. A systematic approach for the inclusion of climate change risk management and
adaptation is developed and guidelines for the design of “climate-change-proof” afforestation, reforestation and deforestation
avoidance projects are proposed. A broader mainstreaming of the issue is required and clear policy regulations are necessary,
especially for the post-Kyoto process. 相似文献
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To better promote forest resource management and strengthen the development of forest carbon sink marketization, this paper studied the accounting of forest carbon sinks from 2003 to 2008 based on a system of national accounts(SNA) and data from the latest forest resources inventory in China. The study calculated the value of forest carbon stocks at a total of RMB817.13 × 10~9 yuan in 2003 and RMB 839.93× 109 yuan in 2008, with an average annual increase of 0.55 % from an increase in physical carbon sinks. The total value of forest carbon sinks in 2003 and 2008 was RMB 26.73 × 10~9 yuan and RMB 29.77 × 10~9 yuan, respectively, with an average annual growth of 2.18 %. From 2003 to 2008, both stock and flow value of forest carbon sinks increased, but the total net flow value of carbon sinks decreased. The growth rate for the environmentally adjusted Gross Domestic Product(ea GDP) for China's forest carbon sinks was 17.23 %, outstripping the average growth rate of 9.5 % for the GDP during the same period. The study also indicates that China's forest carbon sinks affects the GDP in the range of 0.25–0.26 %, and its economic potential is not relatively huge. 相似文献
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笔者以恩施州为例,运用生物量清单法估算森林碳汇量,运用数学模型估算CO2年排放量。计算出2015年恩施州森林碳汇量100.80万t,CO2年排放量237.61万t,净排放量136.41万t。得出按目前的经济发展速度和恩施州森林年增长量,在2015年CO2不会成为恩施州经济发展的制约因素。但从环境保护这方面出发,同时考虑发展以碳汇为目的的林业经济,恩施州应该加大对森林的管理力度,实行增汇减排措施,并对恩施州森林碳汇发展方向提出相关建议与措施。 相似文献
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