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1.
This work characterized the egg residual concentrations of albendazole (ABZ ) and its sulphoxide (ABZSO ) and sulphone (ABZSO 2) metabolites and evaluated their effect on egg fertility and hatchability after ABZ treatments to laying hens. Seventy hens were allocated in groups: Group‐1 was the control without treatment; Group‐2 received a single ABZ oral dose (10 mg/kg); Group‐3, ‐4 and ‐5 were treated with ABZ in medicated feed over 7 days at 10, 40, or 80 mg kg?1 day?1, respectively. Eggs were analyzed to determine the ABZ /metabolite level by HPLC or subjected to incubation to evaluate the fertility and hatchability. Only ABZSO and ABZSO 2 metabolites were quantified in egg after ABZ single oral administration with maximum concentrations of 0.47 ± 0.08 and 0.30 ± 0.07 μg/ml, respectively. ABZ and its metabolites were found in eggs after 7‐day ABZ treatments. The egg residue exposure estimated as AUC s (areas under the concentration vs . time curve) were 100.5 (ABZ ), 56.3 (ABZSO ) and 141.3 μg hr g?1 (ABZSO 2). ABZ administration did not affect the egg fertility at any dosages. Egg hatchability was not affected by ABZ treatment at 10 mg/kg in medicated feed, but it decreased when the dose was 4–8 times higher. These results should be considered when ABZ is used for deworming laying hens.  相似文献   

2.
Sperm mobility (SM) appears to be primary determinant of fertility in chicken and turkey. The aims of this study were to extend the concept to the Japanese quail by developing an assay to quantify SM, explaining the basis of SM using motility properties measured by CASA, and exploring the relationship between SM and egg fertility. The study was carried out in three stages: i) males (n = 20) and females (n = 20) were mated individually; ii) ejaculates were collected from 20 males, and SM was measured; iii) males (n = 20) and females (n = 20) were mated individually. In Stages I and III, data were collected for egg fertility, SpermOPVL and HolesIPVL. In Stage II, SM assay was developed and assay conditions were defined: effect of sperm numbers on absorbance in Accudenz solution; effect of Accudenz concentration on sperm motility and mobility; effect of quail proctodeal gland foam extract and incubation temperature on SM at 37 and 41°C. The recorded absorbance of sperm movement was dependent on sperm numbers in the sperm suspension overlaying the Accudenz (p < .001). At 41°C, SM, progressively motile sperm, VCL, VSL and VAP were negatively affected by Accudenz concentration (p < .05). The effect of foam on SM and motility depended on an interaction between the concentration of foam extract and incubating temperature. Males were categorized into low, average and high SM phenotypes. These categories differed significantly (p < .001), but sperm motility and SM were not related to egg fertility. In conclusion, SM assay can be used to identify mobility phenotypes, but the poor relationship between SM and egg fertility indicates a need for further studies on interaction between the concentration of foam extract, incubating temperature, and in vivo sperm movement and egg fertilization success.  相似文献   

3.
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of broiler breeder egg weight on egg quality, chick quality, and broiler performance using Hubbard Classic broiler breeder flock. Hatching eggs from a commercial broiler breeder flock (Hubbard classic strain) were obtained at the age of 60 wk and divided into 3 egg-weight categories, namely small, medium, and large. For this purpose, 930 eggs having weights 63.09 ± 0.21, 68.85 ± 0.23, and 74.81 ± 0.11g were divided into 3 egg categories labeled small, medium, and large respectively. We further divided these eggs into 2 categories, eggs for quality parameters and eggs for incubation and posthatch performance parameters. Eggs from the small egg category had greater proportion of the shell weight and more shell strength. Egg weight did not significantly affect the albumen and yolk weight percentage. Egg weight affected the shape index and specific gravity for which lower values were observed for large eggs. Egg weight positively affected the chick weight, chick yield, and chick length (P < 0.05) of both male and female chicks. Results of the body weight gain showed that effect of egg weight on the posthatch performance of chick diminishes with the age of broilers. Egg weight significantly affected the body weight gain of male and female chicks up to 3 wk of age. Egg weights did not significantly affect the feed intake and mortality of broiler. Different egg-weight categories significantly affected the feed conversion ratio of female chicks at wk 2 and 3 of age and did not affect the feed conversion of male and female chicks at the end of wk 5. In conclusion, egg weight positively affected the chick characteristics (e.g., chick weight, chick length) and did not affect the final live body weight, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, and mortality in broilers.  相似文献   

4.
Evidence of sperm storage in the female ostrich   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
OBJECTIVE: To determine the length of time following mating that fertile eggs can be laid by an ostrich (Struthio camelus). DESIGN: A clinical reproductive problem in a pair of breeding ostriches provided the opportunity to mate the birds at intervals of 5 to 8 days and assess the fertility of the eggs laid. PROCEDURE: Following prolapse of the phallus of the male ostrich during the breeding season, the pair were immediately separated. The hen was reintroduced to the cock at intervals of 5 to 8 days over a 6 week period for supervised mating. Records were kept of dates of mating and laying, number of eggs laid, egg weights, and fertility determined by candling after 2 weeks incubation. RESULTS: Over the 6 week period, 10 eggs were laid, of which 8 were fertile and 2 infertile. Fertile eggs weighed 1020 to 1285 g (mean 1143). The two infertile eggs weighed 1160 and 925 g. Six fertile eggs were laid 2 to 7 days after mating. The remaining two fertile eggs were laid the same days that mating occurred, suggesting that fertilization resulted from the last matings 5 and 8 days previously, or from earlier matings. CONCLUSION: Sperm storage occurs in ostrich hens and fertile eggs can be laid for at least 5 to 8 days after copulation. Further studies are required to demonstrate the maximum period during which stored sperm are capable of successful fertilization.  相似文献   

5.
1. Egg‐shell colour, egg specific gravity, shell thickness and egg weight were determined for 2080 eggs from three varieties of the Vasca, a Spanish brown‐egg‐laying hen.

2. Intermediate, positive and significant (P < 0·01) correlation coefficients were found between egg‐shell colour and specific gravity (0·25), or shell thickness (0·21). There was a very high (0·84), significant (P < 0·01) correlation between the measures of shell strength.

3. Shell thickness was accurately predicted with both specific gravity and egg weight as independent variables (determination coefficient 0·74); eggshell colour did not explain any further variation.

4. All traits showed considerable departure from normality in the form of negative kurtosis (shell colour and specific gravity), positive kurtosis (shell thickness and egg weight), negative skewness (shell thickness) or positive skewness (egg weight).

5. Egg‐shell colour, specific gravity and shell thickness were less in July, in old birds and in eggs laid in the morning. Differences in egg quality traits between the three varieties were not significant.

  相似文献   

6.
The reproductive performance of 2 commercial turkey breeder lines was examined using reciprocal crosses between sires and dams of each line. One line had been selected using artificial inseminations performed at biweekly intervals, whereas the second line had been selected using inseminations performed at weekly intervals. The hypothesis was proposed that sires and dams of the 2 lines differ because of different abilities for sperm to penetrate the inner perivitelline layer (IPVL) and fertilize eggs.Fertilized eggs to hatch poults for the experiment were obtained from the primary breeders and were incubated using conditions recommended by the industry. Hens (n = 72) and toms (n = 15) from each strain were identified and reared in preparation for a reproductive cycle using commercially accepted standards. Beginning just prior to the onset of egg production and at weekly intervals thereafter, half of the hens were inseminated with semen from males of the same line, whereas the remaining half received semen from the opposite line. Eggs were collected from the pens daily and set in incubators to determine fertility and embryo survival. At biweekly intervals 3 eggs per pen were used for counting sperm penetration holes in the IPVL. Data were collected for fertility, hatchability, and time that embryos died for each of the pens. Dam and sire affected IPVL penetration independently. A dam by sire interaction influenced fertility, whereas hatchability was affected only by dam. Thus, it is concluded that selection of dam and sires for commercial breeders alters IPVL sperm penetration ability of hens as well as egg-binding ability of sires.  相似文献   

7.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of pre‐exposure of oocytes to Ricinus communis (RCA‐1) lectin and osteopontin (OPN) in uterine tube fluid (UTF) on in vitro sperm–egg binding and fertilization. In vitro‐matured bovine oocytes were incubated (39°C, 5% CO2 in air) for 2 h in the following treatments: (i) 500 μl of fertilization medium (FM); (ii) 250 μl of FM with 0.25 ml of non‐luteal ampullary uterine tube fluid (NLAUTF); (iii) 250 μl of FM with 250 μl of NLAUTF and 4 μl of RCA‐1 lectin; (iv) 250 μl of FM with 250 μl of NLAUTF, a rabbit polyclonal antibody (1:200) against purified bovine milk OPN, and RCA‐1 lectin; (v) 500 μl of FM and RCA‐1 lectin. Following incubation, oocytes were washed, placed in FM with 2 μg heparin, and incubated with 1 × 105 frozen–thawed spermatozoa per 10 oocytes. Oocytes used to assess sperm binding were stained with Hoescht 33342, and the number of sperm bound per zona pellucida counted. The remaining oocytes were fixed in acid alcohol, stained with 1% acetate‐orcein and observed to determine the presence of pronuclei. More sperm bound to the zona pellucida (mean ± SEM) when oocytes were incubated in treatment 3 (59.0 ± 5.5) than in treatments 2 (46.4 ± 5.6), 4 (18.1 ± 5.4), 5 (33.4 ± 5.6) or 1 (32.5 ± 5.6). More oocytes were fertilized when incubated in treatment 3 (91% ± 3.0) than in 2 (84% ± 3.0), 4 (40% ± 3.0), 5 (77% ± 3.0) or 1 (76% ± 3.0). As in previous studies, this study suggests that RCA‐1 lectin enhances binding of UTF‐derived OPN to bovine oocytes, resulting in increased sperm–egg binding and fertilization in vitro and a possible role in fertilization.  相似文献   

8.
1. The effects of sight barriers in the pens of breeding ring-necked pheasants were investigated on a commercial game farm over a 10-week laying season. 2. Reproductive performance was recorded as egg production, numbers of eggs rejected for hatching together with measures of fertility, embryonic mortality and hatchability for 11 pens with barriers and 11 pens that were left open and acted as controls. 3. Egg production per pen and the numbers of rejected eggs were not significantly affected by the presence of the barriers. 4. Fertility was significantly higher and persisted for longer in the barrier pens, particularly towards the end of the laying season. 5. Embryonic mortality was unaffected by the presence of the barriers but hatchability was significantly lower in the open pens, which was associated with lower levels of fertility. 6. Establishing sight barriers in breeder pens for commercial pheasants would appear not only to offer improved welfare but also significant commercial advantages.  相似文献   

9.
This study presents, for the first time, information on the eggs and early development of Franciscodoras marmoratus, fish of São Francisco river, Brazil. To analyse the egg ultrastructure and morphological events of embryogenesis, a total of 36 F. marmoratus specimens (18 males and 18 females) were captured and subjected to spawning induction. Gametes were collected by manual extrusion, and fertilization was conducted using the dry method. After fertilization, eggs were kept in incubators with water temperature of 24°C. The embryonic development was monitored using a stereomicroscope until hatching. There was a 67% positive response to hypophysation by the females and the fertilization rate was 73.8 ± 6.2%. The oocytes are discoid, yellow, adhesive and covered by a thick jelly coat. Under the electron scanning microscope, the oocytes presented a surface with pore canals and funnel‐shaped micropyle with a smooth vestibule. Recently extruded oocytes had a mean diameter of 1.27 ± 0.4 mm and after hydration was 1.91 ± 0.05 mm. The jelly coat was 0.34 ± 0.03 mm thickness, and the perivitelline space was 0.19 ± 0.04 mm. Eight phases of the embryonic development were identified, and embryogenesis was completed at 47 h after fertilization, at 24°C water temperature. The recently hatched larvae had 2.76 ± 0.57 mm of total length. These results provide useful information for the successful breeding and reproductive strategies of fishes.  相似文献   

10.
The aim of the current investigation was to determine wild ostrich reproductive behaviour in Orbata Nature Reserve by observing 16 hens and 28 cocks over a seven-year period. Intense laying commenced in January, one month after the cessation of the rainy season, and 92% of the eggs were produced during the dry season (January to May, peaking in March). Over the seven years, 1,322 eggs were laid in 69 nests, which corresponded to an annual average production of 19.2 ± 9.1 eggs/nest and 11.8 eggs/hen. 24 nests (34.78%) were non-brooded, 17 nests (24.64%) were deserted in the course of incubation, and 28 nests (40.58%) possessed hatched eggs. All the non-incubated nests had egg losses equivalent to 46.6 ± 12.6%. Hatchability success of incubated eggs was 41.9 ± 12.0%. Ostriches tended to dig their nests adjacent to the reserve enclosure which had direct access by road and track, the latter subjecting them to human disturbance and predation. The systematic obstruction of these nests stimulated ostriches to build additional nests within the reserve perimeter. The authors discussed the results recorded in an ostrich flock in relation to the environmental factors (climatic factors, food disponibility and predation) and suggested possibilities for improved wildlife management.  相似文献   

11.
Artificial propagation of sturgeons is becoming increasingly important for recovery efforts as well as for commercial production. Sterlet Acipenser ruthenus is a common Eurasian sturgeon with a small body size and one of the fastest reproductive cycles among the sturgeons. The practical question being addressed in this study was how long fertilization of ovulated eggs can be delayed without substantially reducing the hatching rate, and an ancillary question is under what' temperature conditions do eggs retain good quality. Broodstock were injected with homogenized carp pituitary extract (CPE); ovulated eggs from three females were allocated to various treatment groups for temperature storage (control, 7°C, 11°C, 15°C and 19°C) until fertilized. Storage times at the regulated temperatures prior to fertilization were for 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 h. After the selected storage times in ovarian fluid, eggs were fertilized and transferred to incubation cages and then they were counted. Three replicates were allocated to each storage period and temperature. Hatched larvae were counted at 7‐day post‐fertilization. We found that sterlet eggs do not need to be fertilized immediately after collection. Reasonably good quality was retained for several hours if temperature conditions are fairly cool and stable. Eggs retained good quality when stored at 7°C and 11°C for up to 10 h with 54.1 ± 2.9 to 69.9 ± 7.9% hatching success, but egg quality was significantly reduced after 5‐h storage at 19°C (p < 0.01) and 7.5‐h storage at 15°C (p < 0.05) compared to cooler temperatures. Uniform temperatures between 7°C and 11°C can be considered as appropriate for storage of eggs in ovarian fluid for up to 10 h. This information can have practical application to routine hatchery practice for acipenserids, as well as for certain research protocols.  相似文献   

12.
1. Thirty‐two Khaki Campbell laying ducks were divided into two equal groups and housed either in floor pens or in cages in an environmentally controlled building. The food for two replicate groups of four birds each in each management system was rationed by weight and two other replicate groups were fed ad libitum. Housing and feeding treatment effects were assessed by measuring efficiency of food conversion into eggs and egg production.

2. Housing ducks in cages did not reduce egg production or efficiency of food conversion compared with the more conventional floor‐pen housing system. Egg production and egg size were adversely affected by the restricted feeding programme.

3. Caging in a controlled environment with unrestricted food appears to be a potentially feasible management system for laying ducks, comparable with such systems for laying fowls.  相似文献   


13.
Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA) on the performance of laying hens maintained under high environmental temperatures (32.2 °C and 33.3 °C, respectively), and a third trial was carried out under ambient conditions (12.8 °C to 17.3 °C).

Weekly changes in egg yield, shell deformation, percentage of cracked eggs and body weight showed an improvement in the AA‐supplemented birds but the differences were non‐significant. Egg yield and percentage of cracked eggs were not affected when the diet was supplemented with AA under ambient conditions.  相似文献   


14.
Eggs from young turkey breeder hens have a higher rate of early embryonic mortality (EEM) than eggs from older hens. Preliminary field data indicated that increased sperm concentration decreased the incidence of EEM in eggs from young hens. Possible explanations for decreased EEM following insemination with more concentrated sperm may include altered sperm binding and hydrolyzing of the inner perivitelline layer (IPVL) of eggs from hens of different ages. The current study examined differences in the number of sperm penetration (SP) holes hydrolyzed in the IPVL in hens at 2 different ages when inseminated with 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 million viable sperm. Hens (12/treatment) were inseminated on d 14 and 21 after photostimulation (32 and 33 wk of age) and were inseminated again at 12 and 13 wk of egg production (44 and 45 wk of age). The SP holes hydrolyzed in the IPVL were counted in the 1,098 eggs produced in the 3 wk following each insemination period. The number of SP holes hydrolyzed in the IPVL was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater in younger hens than older hens. Furthermore, the number of SP holes was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.01) with the 400 and 800 million insemination doses as compared with the other 4 insemination doses. There was no interaction between hen age and sperm insemination dose. In conclusion, the absence of an interaction between hen age and insemination dose suggests that factors other than numbers of sperm binding to the IPVL influence EEM. These factors may be a combination of oviduct influences and IPVL properties that change as the hen ages.  相似文献   

15.
蛋壳质量是衡量蛋鸡生产性能的重要指标之一,目前关于海兰褐商品蛋鸡不同产蛋期血液钙磷与蛋品质的相关性研究还未见报道。本文通过研究不同产蛋期海兰褐蛋鸡血清钙磷水平变化与蛋品质变化的相关性,以期为改善蛋品质,保障笼养海兰褐蛋鸡健康和生产提供理论依据。试验采用随机单因素方差设计,选取产蛋前期(23周龄)、产蛋高峰期(43周龄)和产蛋后期(71周龄)的海兰褐商品蛋鸡各8只,进行称重、采血;同时收集各时期同天所产的鸡蛋,各周龄18枚。结果显示,不同产量期血钙含量依次升高,且差异显著(P0.05);血磷含量各组间无显著差异(P0.05);蛋壳厚度和强度在产蛋后期明显降低,且与前期和高峰期差异显著(P0.05);蛋品质指标仍在正常范围内。71周龄时,蛋品质降低,机体已经出现钙磷的代谢紊乱,需要适当调整饲料钙磷添加量,以提高蛋的品质。  相似文献   

16.
Bacterial coldwater disease caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum has led to the loss of significant numbers of hatchery-reared salmonids. The bacteria can be spread from parent to progeny within contaminated sperm and ovarian fluid. Methods for disinfecting ovarian fluid and unfertilized eggs are available, but methods for disinfecting sperm have not been described. In this study we determined whether sperm extenders containing a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin can be used to eliminate F. psychrophilum. In vitro trials demonstrated that when Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss sperm is mixed with an extender, a 15-min exposure to 0.197 mg penicillin plus 0.313 mg/mL streptomycin is effective at killing the bacteria and has no effect on sperm motility. Small-scale trials showed that egg fertilization rates were not reduced when sperm held in an extender solution containing the same antibiotic mixture for 15 min was used to fertilize eggs. Production-scale trials, however, showed a roughly 18% decrease in egg fertilization rate when sperm stored in an antibiotic containing extender was used. To determine why a reduction in fertilization capacity was observed, a small-scale experiment testing the fertilization of eggs with larger quantities of sperm was performed and showed that increasing the volume of sperm used did not increase fertilization rates. Our results demonstrate that extenders containing penicillin and streptomycin can be used to disinfect sperm, especially when small quantities of eggs are fertilized, but factors negatively affecting egg fertilization and survival on a production scale still need further investigation.

Received May 1, 2014; accepted August 10, 2014  相似文献   


17.
Straws of sex‐sorted sperm are usually packaged at a low concentration (e.g., ~2.1 × 106 sperm/ml) and cost significantly more than unsorted conventional semen from the same sire. In order to maximize the efficiency of using sex‐sorted sperm under in vitro fertilization conditions, the selection of an appropriate sperm separation technique is essential. In this study, the effect of using different silane‐coated silica colloid dilutions and layering configurations during centrifugation of sex‐sorted sperm was examined over an extended period of incubation time. Sperm recovery and viability after centrifugation using the colloid separation technique were measured along with several sperm motility parameters using CASA. For this purpose, frozen and thawed sex‐sorted sperm samples were centrifuged using mini‐volume single‐layer (40%, 60% and 80%) and mini‐volume two‐layer (45%/90%, 40%/80% and 30%/60%) separation configurations using PureSperm®. A single layer of 40% PureSperm® recovered significantly more sex‐sorted sperm (78.07% ± 2.28%) followed by a single layer of 80% PureSperm® (68.43% ± 2.33%). The lowest sperm recovery was obtained using a two‐layer PureSperm® dilution of 45%/90% (47.57% ± 2.33%). Single‐layer centrifugation recovered more sorted sperm (68.67% ± 1.74%) than two layer (53.74% ± 1.74%) (p < .0001). A single layer of 80% PureSperm® exhibited the highest sorted sperm viability (72.01% ± 2.90%) after centrifugation (p < .05). The mini‐volume single layer of 80% PureSperm® was determined to be an effective alternative to a two‐layer centrifugation configuration for sex‐sorted sperm selection. In addition, single‐layer colloid dilution of 80% performed either as well as or significantly outperformed the other treatments, as well as the control, with regard to motility (MOT) for all time periods of analysis.  相似文献   

18.
在家畜精液冷冻中,卵黄被广泛应用,且其中的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)对精子起主要保护作用。本研究利用含6%、7%、8%和9%鸵鸟卵黄LDL配制的稀释液制作猪细管冷冻精液,分析鸵鸟卵黄LDL对冷冻-解冻后猪精子质量参数的影响。结果表明:在含不同浓度鸵鸟卵黄LDL的稀释液中,8%LDL的稀释液冷冻效果最好,冻后精子活率平均可达52.13%,显著高于其他组(P<0.05);精子顶体完整率平均为58.33%,质膜完整率为72.38%,与其他处理组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。但与鸡蛋卵黄LDL和鸽子蛋卵黄LDL处理组相比,鸵鸟卵黄LDL处理组冷冻-解冻后猪精子质量参数相对较低。本研究表明,虽然鸵鸟卵黄LDL在冷冻过程中对猪精子具有一定的保护作用,但相对于鸽子蛋和鸡蛋卵黄LDL效果并不理想。  相似文献   

19.
Tetraspanin CD9 is one of the egg membrane proteins known to be essential in fertilization process. The presence and localization of CD9 molecule in spermatozoa and its possible function in reproduction are still unclear. In our study, we describe the localization of CD9 on bull spermatozoa. In the immunofluorescence assay, the positive signal has been observed in the high proportion of sperm cells as a fine grains either on the apical part or through the entire anterior region of sperm head. CD9 recognized by monoclonal antibody IVA‐50 was detected on freshly ejaculated (83.4 ± 3.7%) and frozen‐thawed (84.3 ± 2.3%) sperm. The same reaction pattern was observed on sperm capacitated for 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h (83.6 ± 2.0%; 84.0 ± 1.5%; 85.7 ± 0.8%; 77.5 ± 10.8%). The presence of CD9 exclusively on plasma membrane of the bovine sperm has been detected by Western blot analysis of the protein fractions after the discontinuous sucrose gradient fractionation of the bull sperm. Moreover, probable role of the sperm CD9 molecule in fertilization process of cattle has been suggested as sperm treatment with anti‐CD9 antibody significantly reduced (by 25%, p ≤ 0.001) the number of fertilized oocytes compared to control group in fertilization assay in vitro.  相似文献   

20.
Lipids are an important nutritional component of the avian egg. A review of the literature was completed to determine the fatty acid compositions in egg yolk from some avian species. Additionally, the nutritional influence of lipid and lipoprotein content on the plasma of male participants during 30‐day feeding was discussed. The ostrich eggs had the highest unsaturated fatty acid and the lowest cholesterol content in relation to other avian species. Ostrich had a higher proportion of 18:3n‐3 (p < 0.01) compared with other species. Chicken yolk numerically contained much higher levels of 22:6n‐3 than those found in turkeys, quails and geese, but the amount of 22:6n‐3 in ostrich egg was lower by comparison with other species (p < 0.01). After the storage of eggs at the room temperature, there was a notable loss of vitamin E (vitE) in the yolks of all species and this decrease was marginal (p < 0.01) in ostrich compared with other species. There were significant (p < 0.05) increases in plasma low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) level in all male subjects. Plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level decreased (p < 0.05) only in men who were fed chicken or ostrich eggs daily. Consumption of different species’ eggs had no influence on the total male plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. LDL‐C:HDL‐C ratio increased (p < 0.05) after goose and turkey egg consumption. Consumption of one egg/month by healthy human subjects had no effect on serum total cholesterol and triglyceride. The LDL‐C:HDL‐C ratio (which is a strong predictor of coronary heart disease risk) increased, although non‐significantly, by consuming chicken, quail and ostrich eggs.  相似文献   

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