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1.
用常规方法对光倒剌繵Spinibarbus hollandi Oshima肌肉中几种矿物元素（亦称生命元素）进行分析，结果表明每100g干样中含钙85.6mg,磷100.4mg,铁3.51mg,锰2.45mg,锌5.37mg,铜0.28mg,硒346.3μg。认为光倒剌繵是一种营养价值较高，具有重要开发价值的优质淡水鱼类。  相似文献   

2.
密云水库北京集水区人工水源保护林降水化学性质研究   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12  
研究表明 ,密云水库集水区大气降水化学元素含量在不同时段内变幅较大 ,各元素加权平均值之和为12 .0 0 11m g/ L ,各元素含量大小排序为 Ca >N >K >Mg >Na >P >Fe>Zn >Cu >Mn。大气降水经过 3种类型的水源保护林林冠层后 ,所测定的化学元素含量变化不一 ,但总的结果来看 ,化学元素含量升高的元素较多 ,且化学元素含量之和 ,无论是林内穿透降雨还是树干茎流均呈升高趋势 ,不同林分结果如下 :林内穿透降雨中化学元素总量分别为刺槐林 4 6 .192 4 mg/ L、油松林 2 0 .6 135 m g/ L、板栗林 17.110 5 mg/ L ;树干茎流中化学元素总量不同林分分别为刺槐林 6 1.5 86 2 m g/ L、油松林 73.32 35 mg/ L、板栗林 35 .5 0 74 mg/ L。  相似文献   

3.
黄颡鱼的含肉率及肌肉营养价值研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
采用常规方法测得广西桂江黄颡鱼的含肉率为 83.88% ;每 1 0 0 g肌肉 (干样 )中含粗蛋白85.96g,粗脂肪 5.0 4 g,粗灰分 5.57g,氨基酸总量为 70 .2 1 g,必需氨基酸含量 2 7.39g,含钙 39.58mg,磷 1 87mg,铜 0 .33mg,锌 5.33mg,铁 4 .75mg,锰 3.0 3mg,硒 74 7.0 6μg。综合分析结果认为 ,广西桂江的黄颡鱼是营养价值较高的优质鱼类  相似文献   

4.
红富士苹果小叶病防治研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
试验研究秋季喷施不同浓度ZnSO4 ·7H2 O、春季喷施ZnSO4 ·7H2 O、萘乙酸及ZnSO4 ·7H2 O和萘乙酸混合液对红富士苹果小叶病防治效果结果表明 ,秋季采果后叶片喷施ZnSO4 ·7H2 O、萌芽前树体喷施ZnSO4 ·7H2 O和ZnSO4 ·7H2 O与萘乙酸混合液防治小叶病效果较佳 ,其中以秋季喷施 1 0 0 g kgZnSO4 ·7H2 O、萌芽前喷施 1 0 0g kgZnSO4 ·7H2 O、1 5 0g kgZnSO4 ·7H2 O、1 0 0g kgZnSO4 ·7H2 O和 2 .0mg kg萘乙酸混合液、1 0 0 g kgZnSO4 ·7H2 O和4 .0mg kg萘乙酸混合液对红富士苹果小叶病防治效果较明显 ,小叶病树新梢长度、叶面积和叶片叶绿素及Zn含量显著增高 ,病梢率显著下降  相似文献   

5.
不同种类硫肥对油菜吸锌的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用温室盆栽试验,分别设置4个硫肥浓度(0 mg · kg-1、160 mg · kg-1、640 mg · kg-1和2 560 mg · kg-1),研究了不同种类硫肥(元素硫、硫酸铵和硫酸钾)对油菜锌的影响.结果表明:不同类型以及不同浓度的硫肥对油菜生物量无显著影响.随着硫肥浓度的增加,土壤中CaCl2可提取态锌含量显著增加,且不同硫肥类型对可提取态锌含量的影响效果存在差异.(NH4)2SO4处理可提取态锌含量最大,在2 560 mg · kg-1处理下达0.72 mg · kg-1,为对照的2.1倍.油菜中的锌浓度随硫肥浓度的增加显著增加,且不同硫肥类型对植物中锌浓度的影响效果存在差异,在2 560 mg · kg-1(NH4)2SO4处理下,油菜中锌浓度为96.1 mg · kg-1,是对照52.6 mg · kg-1的1.8倍,而同一浓度K2SO4处理下为69.0 mg · kg-1,仅为对照的1.3倍.油菜中的硫浓度随硫肥浓度的增加显著增加,(NH4)2SO4和K2SO4处理对油菜吸硫的效果好于元素硫处理.  相似文献   

6.
选取花生（Arachis hypogaea）、大豆（Glycine max）、向日葵（Helianthus annuus）、蓖麻（Ricinus communis）4种油料作物,采用不同浓度的Cr3＋、Pb2＋水培处理,研究了4种油料作物对Cr3＋、Pb2＋的耐受能力和富集特征。结果表明,随着Cr3＋、Pb2＋处理浓度的升高,4种油料作物株高、根长、地上部与根部生物量和耐受指数均不同程度降低。其中,花生、向日葵地上部生物量降幅较小。4种作物地上部Cr、Pb含量随处理浓度的升高呈增加趋势,200mg.L-1 Cr3＋处理下大豆地上部Cr含量最高（5322mg.kg-1）,400mg.L-1 Pb2＋处理下向日葵地上部Pb含量最高（1439mg.kg-1）。4种作物地上部对重金属的富集量随着Cr3＋、Pb2＋处理浓度的升高而增加,并且大部分重金属积累在根部。其中,花生Cr、Pb积累量和迁移率均较高,100mg.L-1 Cr3＋、200mg.L-1 Pb2＋处理下地上部Cr、Pb积累量分别为420.5、492.4μg.株-1,迁移率分别为23.1%、11.7%。综合分析表明,花生对Cr3＋、Pb2＋具有较强的耐受和积累能力,可作为Cr3＋、Pb2＋污染环境中植物修复的油料作物。  相似文献   

7.
施用秸秆堆腐肥对黑土农田养分及玉米产量的影响研究   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12  
试验研究表明应用秸秆腐解剂可快速堆腐秸秆 ,黑土农田施用充分腐熟的秸秆肥配施NPK化肥 ,耕层土壤平均年提高有机质 0 .4g/kg ,全N 0 .18g/kg ,速效氮 9.93mg/kg ,速效磷 1.8mg/kg ,速效钾 4mg/kg ,土壤容重年降低0 .0 2g/cm3 ,玉米增产 15 .7%。  相似文献   

8.
氮、磷、钾、锌配施对小白菜产量和品质的效应   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  
应用“416-B”最优混合设计，研究了氮、磷、钾、锌肥对小白菜产量和品质的效应。结果表明，施用氮、磷、钾、锌的增产效果为氮〉锌〉钾〉磷。氮与磷、钾、锌配施有利于小白菜增产和品质的改善。在本试验条件下，小白菜高产、优质施肥方案为每千克土施N0．26g、P2O5 0．11g、K2O 0．42g、Zn0．017g，目标产量790．7g/盆FW，鲜小白菜中含锌81．9mg／kg，可溶性糖1．63％，Vc117．9mg／kg，硝酸盐809.5mg／kg。  相似文献   

9.
钼、硼、锰和锌对人工种植乌拉尔甘草品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
在大田条件下,采用叶面喷施的方法,研究了Mo、B、Mn和Zn 4种微量元素不同浓度（0,0.5g/L,1g/L和1.5g/L）对人工种植乌拉尔甘草几种主要次生代谢成分积累的影响。结果表明,乌拉尔甘草根中甘草酸含量、甘草苷含量与Mn、Zn和Mo供应水平密切相关。其中Mn、Zn元素的低、中、高浓度处理和Mo元素的中、高浓度处理可以显著提高乌拉尔甘草根中的甘草酸含量;Mo和Zn元素的低、中、高浓度处理及Mn元素的高浓度处理则可以显著提高乌拉尔甘草根中的甘草苷含量;Mn元素的中、高浓度处理及Zn元素的中浓度处理可以显著提高乌拉尔甘草根中的甘草多糖含量。4种微量元素的低、中、高浓度叶面喷施均可以显著提高乌拉尔甘草根中的总黄酮含量。由此认为,以上4种微量元素对改善人工种植乌拉尔甘草的品质具有一定的作用。  相似文献   

10.
按照化学农药环境安全评价试验准则方法,测定了40%毒死蜱乳油和30%毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂对鱼类、鸟类、家蚕和蜜蜂4种环境生物的毒性。结果表明,毒死蜱乳油对斑马鱼LC50值（96 h）为0.68 mg.L^-1,毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂的LC50为47.30 mg.L^-1;毒死蜱乳油对鹌鹑的毒性LD50为7.45 mg.kg^-1,毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂的LD50为56.97 mg.kg^-1。食下毒叶法结果表明,毒死蜱乳油对2-4龄家蚕幼虫LC50值（48 h,25℃）分别为0.82、1.87 mg.L^-1与4.35 mg.L^-1,毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂为2.48、4.22 mg.L-1与8.35 mg.L^-1;家蚕幼虫在药膜上爬行1、10、30 min与60 min后,毒死蜱乳油对3龄家蚕幼虫的LD50值（48 h,25℃）分别为3.18、0.68、0.41μg.cm^-2与0.38μg.cm^-2,其微囊悬浮剂LD50值分别为6.92、1.58、1.18μg.cm^-2与0.48μg.cm^-2;毒死蜱乳油和微囊悬浮剂对蜜蜂48 h的LC50分别为0.53 mg.L^-1和2.32 mg.L^-1。上述结果表明,毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂对4种环境生物的安全性明显高于乳油。  相似文献   

11.
Appropriate compost standards are being considered in Canada. Five aspects of compost safety and quality are being evaluated; probably the most controversial aspect is the standards for metals in compost. In order to assist in the development of appropriate standards, the authors began an extensive research project in October, 1993 to determine the bioavailability of metals from compost and compost-metal mixtures. Swiss chard was grown in compost-amended soils or compost in a growth room using five treatments of increasing percentages of compost in the media (0, 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, 100 percent compost (v/v)). A Truro loamy sand and a race-track manure-biosolids compost (RTM-biosolids) supplemented with a high metal biosolids were used in a completely randomized design with five replicates. Dry matter yield, metal content in plant tissue, and total metal uptake were evaluated as well as the total and DTPA-extractable metal content in the compost-soil mixes. The results of this and five other experiments conducted by the authors will help determine whether the suggested limits for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn in composts are appropriate.  相似文献   

12.
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13.
Abstract

The seasonal patterns of foliage nutrient concentrations and contents were monitored for two growing seasons in an 11‐year—old Pinus el1iottii stand. In the first growing season after needle initiation, N, P, K, Mg, and Zn concentrations decreased, but this was followed by an increase in the fall and winter months. Another drop in concentration of all elements, except P, occurred in the second growing season. Decreases in total contents indicated that this drop was a result of translocation to other tissues. In contrast to the mobile elements, the concentration and fascicle contents of Ca, Mn, and Al increased with aging of the needles.

Between‐tree variability was least for N, P, and Zn and the N, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn in the current foliage had consistently lower variation than that in the 1‐year‐old foliage. Between‐tree variation for K was lower in the winter than the spring.

For pine foliage, recommended sampling period for N, P, Mg, and Zn is mid to late summer and for the other elements it is late fall to late winter.

There are several sources of variation that influence the level of nutrients in tree foliage. The most important of these, apart from the tree nutrient status, are seasonal fluctuations, variation between trees, and age of needles . Smaller sources of variation are associated with position of the needles within the crown, diurnal changes, year to year variation, and analytical errors1,2. These variables must be studied in order to develop suitable sampling techniques and in Pinus this has been undertaken for P. banksiana 1, P. taeda 3, P. strobus 4, P. resinosa 4, P. sylvestris 5, and P. radiata 6,7. However, foliage sampling has not been studied in detail for slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englem var. elliottii) and earlier studies with other pines have been largely confined to temperate or cool climates.

This study reports the variation in elemental concentrations with season, age of foliage, and between slash pine trees growing in a subtropical climate in Florida.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

The phytotoxicity of five nonessential elements (Co, V, Ti, Ag, Cr) to higher plants was studied in solution culture experiments with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen). All, but in varying degrees, tended to concentrate in roots with a decreasing gradient to stems and leaves. Cobalt was one of the more mobile of the five trace metals. Its toxicity was expressed as severe chlorosis; 43 (with 10‐5 M) and 142 (with 10‐4 M) μg Co/g dry weight in leaves resulted in severe chlorosis. Vanadium as 10‐4 M vanadate resulted in smaller plants but not in chlorosis. Leaf, stem, and root V, respectively, were 13, 8, and 881 μg/g dry weight. Titanium was somewhat mobile with considerable yield decrease at 10‐4 M; leaf, stem, and root Ti concentrations, respectively, were 202, 48, and 2420 μg/g. Symptoms were chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, and stunting. Silver was very lethal at 10‐4 M AgNO3; at 10‐5 M yields were greatly decreased, but plants were grown without symptoms. Leaf, stem, and root concentrations of Ag for this treatment, respectively, were 5.8, 5.1, and 1760 μg/g dry weight. Plants grown with 10‐5 N Cr2O7 were decreased in yield by about 25% with or without EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) while the same level of Cr2(SO4)3 was essentially without effect. For the two salts, the leaf, stem, root concentrations for Cr, respectively were 2.2 and 1.3, 0.7 and 0. 7, and 140 and 104 μg/g. Most of the trace metals studied here had interactions in the uptake and/or distribution of other elements.  相似文献   

15.
A general method is described for determining 16 mycotoxins in mixed feeds and other food products used in the manufacture of these feedstuffs. The mycotoxins are extracted and cleaned up by extracting with solvents of different pH. Thin layer chromatography is used to separate the toxins; toxins are then quantitated by the limit detection method. The minimum detectable concentration of mycotoxins in various products is: aflatoxin B1 or G1, 4--5 micrograms/kg; ochratoxin A or ethyl ester A 140--145 micrograms/kg; citrinin 600--750 micrograms/kg; zearalenone, 410--500 micrograms/kg; sterigmatocystin, 140--145 micrograms/kg; diacetoxyscirpenol, 2400--2600 micrograms/kg; T-2 toxin, 800--950 micrograms/kg; patulin, 750--800 micrograms/kg; penitrem A 14,000--14,500 micrograms/kg; penicillic acid 3400--3650 micrograms/kg.  相似文献   

16.
A total of 244 samples of cereals (wheat flour, rice, and maize), pulses (arhar, moong, gram, lentil, and black gram), spices (turmeric, chili, coriander, and black pepper), vegetables (potato, onion, spinach, cabbage, brinjal, and tomato), fruits (mango, guava, apple, and grape), milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils (vegetable, mustard, groundnut, and sesame) collected from different cities of Northern Province (Utter Pradesh) were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography for the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues. Residues of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) were detected in about 85% of the total samples of cereals, spices, milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils analyzed in the present study. However, the residue levels were either very small (less than 0.06 ppm) or not detected at all in pulses, vegetables, and fruits as compared with very high concentrations in wheat flour (4.42 and 0.12 ppm), butter (1.19 and 4.85 ppm), mustard oil (1.26 and 2.42 ppm), Deshi ghee (1.10 and 3.84 ppm), vegetable oil (1.02 and 0.59 ppm), groundnut oil (0.51 and 1.49 ppm), and chili (0.48 and 1.92 ppm). The levels of HCH and DDT residues detected in rice, maize, turmeric, corlander, black pepper, and all the vegetables and fruits were also lower than those found in wheat flour, oil, and fat samples analyzed in the present study. These findings suggest that a restricted and controlled use of such persistent pesticides may be useful for decreasing their contamination levels in different food items.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

The objectives of this study were 1) to recommend reference values (RVs) and tolerance limits (TLs) for representative Brazilian soils and 2) to propose a model to calculate natural contents of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in a soil from the silt, clay, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) values. A set of 256 soil samples was classified by similarity in seven groups, and the concentrations corresponding to the upper quarter of data collected were then calculated. These concentrations are proposed as RVs for Brazilian soils. Additionally, TLs were obtained for each group from the antilog expression (m+2s), where m=mean value and s=standard deviation of data transformed in log10. The classification functions of discriminant analysis proved to be suitable to allocate new samples in the established groups. Thus, it is possible to evaluate soils under anthropic activity and, by comparison with reference values, to be aware of pollution risks in a given area.  相似文献   

18.
Different procedures have been proposed to decompose soil samples. Most of them regard determination with fertility aims. In this case, the contents available to the plants are considered. On the other hand, there are procedures to determine total content. The objective of this work was to propose a new decomposition procedure to determine barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) total content in tropical soils with high content of oxides and silicate. According to the results, the digestion procedure proposed in this study provided satisfactory results for the contents recovery for the elements Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, and Zn, above 90%, and the use of inverted aqua regia, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydrofluoric acid (HF), pre-digestions and agitation was shown as a new alternative for the high silicate content soil sample total digestion, such as the oxisols.  相似文献   

19.
Amazonia, the world's largest tropical rain forest, is often assumed to be a virtually untouched wilderness. The region is often referred to as a demographic void; there is on average only about one person per sq. km. Yet in response to international market forces, the hand of man has penetrated deep into the imposing forests. Since colonial times, wildlife, particularly along rivers, has been exploited on a large-scale basis for commercial purposes. This paper focuses on the effects of the trade on some aquatic animals.  相似文献   

20.
The total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone, were determined. Grape seed and green tea were analyzed for their phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolics of the plant extracts, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, ranged from 24.8 to 92.5 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalent/g dry material. The antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts determined by conjugated diene measurement of methyl linoleate were 3.4-86.3%. The antioxidant activity of the extracts using chicken fat by an oxidative stability instrument (4.6-10.2 h of induction time) followed a similar trend in antioxidant activity as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Seven phenolics in grape seed and green tea extracts were identified that ranged from 15.38 to 1158.49 and 18.3 to 1087.02 mg/100 g of extract, respectively. Plant extracts such as green tea and grape seed extracts can be used to retard lipid oxidation in a variety of food products.  相似文献   

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