共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
试验研究不同能氮水平的营养限制与补偿对蒙古羔羊体重和血液生长相关的激素影响。选用内蒙古草原上健康的、平均体重15 kg左右的蒙古羔羊64只,随机分为对照组(CG)、限制1组(RG1)和限制2组(RG2)三个组,营养限制期(60 d)分别饲喂ME 10.88 MJ/kg、CP 13.0%(CG),ME10.88 MJ/kg、CP 8.9%(RG1),ME 8.62 MJ/kg、CP 5.7%(RG2)三个营养水平的日粮;营养补偿期(90 d)各组饲喂同一能氮水平饲粮(ME 9.75 MJ/kg,CP 12%)。结果表明:①随着营养水平的逐步降低,在限制末期,RG1组和RG2组羔羊的平均体重显著低于CG组(P<0.05),在补偿期,RG2组平均日增重显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。②在限制末期RG2组血液中GHRH及RG1、RG2组血液中GH浓度显著高于CG组(P<0.05),而RG2组血液中SS、IGF-I浓度显著低于CG组(P<0.05)。在补偿期,RG1、RG2组血液中IGF-I浓度有升高的趋势(P>0.05)。结果提示,营养限制所导致的羔羊血液中GHRH浓度升高和SS浓度降低可能是其在限制期血液中GH浓度升高及其在补偿期快速生长的原因之一。 相似文献
4.
5.
动物补偿生长效应研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
补偿生长效应是指动物由于早期营养不良或营养受限而导致的生长抑制 ,在后期补偿营养后其生长恢复正常的现象。补偿生长效应在多种动物中均有表现。由于影响动物补偿生长效应的因素较多 ,不同的研究结果差异较大。随着动物营养学研究的进展 ,对于动物补偿生长效应的机理将会越来越明了。1 动物补偿生长效应的作用机制许多学者 (Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ和Ｏｓｂｏｕｒｎ ,1 96 0 ;Ｗｉｎｉｃｋ和Ｎｏｂｅｌ,1 96 6 ;Ｍｏｓｉｅｒ,1 986 ;Ｐｉｔｔｓ,1 986 )针对动物补偿生长效应的作用机制作了大量的研究。目前 ,对于动物补偿生长效应的作用机制有 5种… 相似文献
6.
7.
营养限制及补偿对羔羊体重及外周血液CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本试验旨在研究羔羊营养限制期(第1～60天)和营养补偿期(第61～150天)体重和外周血液中CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞的变化规律.选用80只体况中等、平均体重为(14.72±1.10)kg的3月龄乌珠穆沁羔羊,随机分为对照组(CG)、限制组Ⅰ(RG Ⅰ)、限制组Ⅱ(RGⅡ)和限制组Ⅲ(RG Ⅲ)4个组.营养限制期4组饲粮能氮水平分别为代谢能(ME):10.88、10.88、9.41和8.62 MJ/kg;粗蛋白质(CP):15%、10%、10%和5.7%.营养补偿期各组饲喂同一能氮水平饲粮(ME:9.75 MJ/kg;CP:12%).在试验期每周称重并在第1天、第30天、第60天、第90天和第150天饲喂前从各组羊颈静脉采血,采用流式细胞仪检测羔羊血液中的CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞比例.结果表明:1)营养限制结束,RG Ⅰ组、RG Ⅱ组和RG Ⅲ组平均体重均显著低于CG组(P＜0.05).补偿期RGⅢ组平均日增重显著高于CG组(P＜0.05).2)营养限制前期(第1～30天)各组CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞浓度均呈上升趋势.补偿期结束时CD4+T淋巴细胞浓度RG Ⅰ组最低RGⅡ组最高,CD8+T淋巴浓度RGⅡ组最低RG Ⅰ组最高,差异均不显著(P＞0.05).结果提示,乌珠穆沁羔羊受不同能氮营养水平限制后体重和免疫机能有补偿效应,而且低能高氮比高能低氮限饲后得到的补偿效果较好,表明限饲蛋白质比限饲能量对补偿生长的负影响更大.蛋白质和能量同时限饲补偿生长最差. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
本试验旨在研究不同限饲方法对爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及骨骼性状的影响。试验选用80只7日龄的AA肉鸡,随机分成4组:对照组、料量限饲组、能量限饲组和蛋白质限饲组,每组20只鸡。限饲14d(21日龄)、补偿生长21d(42日龄)后每组分别屠宰8只,取其胸肌、腿肌、腹脂、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、骨骼等组织并称重,以及测量骨骼的长度和直径。结果表明:1)限饲后,3个限饲组肉鸡的平均日增重显著低于对照组(P0.05)。补偿生长后,各组肉鸡的平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比均差异不显著(P0.05),但料量限饲组末重显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)限饲后,料量限饲组肉鸡的全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率显著低于对照组(P0.05),料量限饲组、能量限饲组肉鸡的腹脂率显著低于蛋白质限饲组和对照组(P0.05)。补偿生长后,各组肉鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率均无显著差异(P0.05),但料量限饲组肉鸡的腹脂率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)限饲后,蛋白质限饲组肉鸡的肝脏指数显著高于其他3组(P0.05),料量限饲组肉鸡的胰脏指数显著高于其他3组(P0.05);对照组脾脏指数显著高于其他3组(P0.05)。补偿生长后,各组肉鸡的心脏指数、肝脏指数、胰脏指数、脾脏指数、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均无显著差异(P0.05)。4)限饲后,料量限饲组肉鸡的胫骨重、胫骨长、胫骨直径、股骨重和股骨长显著低于其他3组(P0.05),料量限饲组、能量限饲组肉鸡的股骨直径显著低于对照组和蛋白质限饲组(P0.05)。补偿生长后,各组肉鸡的胫骨重、胫骨长、胫骨直径、股骨重、股骨长和股骨直径均无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,3种限饲方法均降低了AA肉鸡的平均日增重和部分骨骼性状指标,其中料量限饲法对肉鸡平均日增重和骨骼性状影响最大。经过21d的补偿生长后,3种个限饲组均表现出补偿生长效应,骨骼性状无显著变化,但料量限饲法会降低肉鸡全期的平均日增重和末重,建议生产中慎用料量限饲法。 相似文献
12.
本试验旨在研究能量限制对三黄鸡补偿生长及肠道结构的影响,选用72只15日龄三黄母鸡,随机分为3个组:自由采食组(对照组)、15%能量限制组(试验1组)和30%能量限制组(试验2组),限饲15 d(30日龄)、补偿生长14 d(44日龄)和35 d(65日龄)后分别屠宰,取其十二指肠、空肠、回肠,测量其肠壁厚度、绒毛高度和隐窝深度。结果表明:1)限饲降低三黄鸡平均日增重(P0.05),但料重比与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。补偿生长后,试验组与对照组组间的末重、平均日增重、料重比均差异不显著(P0.05)。2)限饲增加了十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度及回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05)。补偿生长后,十二指肠肠壁厚度变薄(P0.05),空肠和回肠绒毛高度增加(P0.05)。本试验表明,能量限制显著降低三黄鸡限饲期生长性能,补偿生长35 d后表现出完全补偿生长效应;能量限制在一定程度上改善了三黄鸡的小肠肠道形态结构,增加了十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度。 相似文献
13.
Mechanisms of reduced and compensatory growth 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Hornick JL Van Eenaeme C Gérard O Dufrasne I Istasse L 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2000,19(2):121-132
Growth is an integrated process, resulting from the response of cells dependent on the endocrine status and nutrient availability. During feed restriction, the production and secretion of growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary gland are enhanced, but the number of GH receptors decreases. Changes of GH binding proteins induce GH resistance and are followed by reduced insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) secretion. On the other hand, high circulating levels of GH enhance the mobilization of fatty acids, which are used to support energy requirements. Thus, when feed restriction in growing animals is moderate, there is mainly protein but barely fat accretion. By contrast, a severe feed restriction enhances the release of catabolic hormones and stimulates, from muscle cells, the liberation of amino acids, which are used by hepatocytes for gluconeogenesis. During refeeding and compensatory growth, the secretion of insulin is sharply enhanced and plasma GH concentrations remain high. This situation probably allows more nutrients to be used for growth processes. The role of plasma IGF-I during compensatory growth is not clear and must be explained in connection with changes of its binding proteins. Thyroxin and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine seem to have a permissive effect on growth. The simultaneous occurrence of puberty with refeeding can exert a synergistic effect on growth. Initially, compensatory growth is characterized by the deposition of very lean tissue, similar as during feed restriction. This lasts for some weeks. Then, protein synthesis decreases and high feed intake leads to increased fat deposition. 相似文献
14.
15.
Compensatory growth following metabolizable protein or energy restrictions in beef steers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
J S Drouillard C L Ferrell T J Klopfenstein R A Britton 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(2):811-818
One hundred sixty crossbred steers were used to compare the effects of metabolizable protein and energy restrictions on subsequent compensatory growth. Diets were formulated to impose severe or mild growth restrictions for periods of 77 to 154 d. Steers were realimented on a high-concentrate diet and fed to achieve approximately 1 cm s.c. fat thickness. Finishing performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated relative to unrestricted control animals. All restricted animals, with the exception of those on the mild, brief energy restriction, exhibited compensatory growth relative to controls. A single direct comparison of energy and protein restriction treatments indicated that finishing performance during realimentation was similar for these two groups. Evaluation of the relative effects of protein and energy restriction by multiple linear regression indicated that compensatory growth was influenced by differences in duration or severity of nutrient deprivation to a greater extent for energy-restricted than for protein-restricted steers. Linear contrasts and regression estimates indicated that compensatory growth was influenced more by differences in severity of restriction than by duration of the restriction period. 相似文献
16.
本研究通过对蛋白质、能量和饲料采食量的限饲,探讨商品代AA肉仔鸡(arber acres)在35日龄出栏时,限饲对生产性能及其经济效益的影响。试验选用了1日龄AA健康肉仔鸡960只,研究在7~14日龄限饲对35日龄出栏时的生产性能和经济效益的影响。研究结果表明,饲料采食量以限采食量组最低,而体增重、料重比和死淘率最佳值都出现在限采食量组,限蛋白质组的效果最差。经济效益分析结果也表明,限饲料采食量组的效益最好。上述研究结果表明,肉仔鸡在7~14日龄时限制采食量25%可提高其生长、生产性能和经济效益。因此,在实践生产中可以考虑予以推广采用。 相似文献
17.
C. Alexopoulos D.S. Papaioannou P. Fortomaris C.S. Kyriakis A. Tserveni-Goussi A. Yannakopoulos S.C. Kyriakis 《Livestock Science》2007,111(3):230-241
Twenty twin-bearing Shropshire ewes were either maintained on an adequate (H) or 60% restricted feeding level (L) during the last 6 weeks of gestation. The ewes were sired by a ram selected for either high daily growth (Growth, G) or increased cross-sectional area of m. Longissimus dorsi (LD) combined with minimal fat thickness above LD (Meat, M). The male offspring (n = 23) from these ewes were studied with regard to production, fibre type, bone parameters and meat quality traits. Maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation caused a reduced birth weight of the offspring, a low growth rate from birth to weaning, yet compensatory growth after weaning. No relation was found between maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation and meat quality in terms of proteolytic potential, myofibrillar fragmentation index or shear force measured in meat from 5 month old lambs. The data do not support the hypothesis of a long-term programming effect of maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation on meat tenderness. However, a long-term effect of maternal nutrient restriction was found for bone growth. Femur weight was significantly reduced in L-lambs and cortical bone density and mean relative wall thickness were significantly increased by maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation, suggesting that only some of the bone parameters evaluated express compensatory growth. The effects of maternal nutrition in late gestation on bone parameters have implications for the robustness of breeding stock. 相似文献
18.
19.
To evaluate the effect of zeranol implants in steers on compensatory ++growth, 80 steer calves (9 mo of age; 200 kg) were fed at two feeding levels (RO = 9.2 MJ ME/kg DM; R1 = 6.9 MJ ME/kg DM) for 119 d (Period 1). During Period 2, steers were full-fed to 400 kg BW with (Z1) or without (ZO) zeranol implants. Ten steers were slaughtered at the end of Period 1 to estimate carcass composition. Differences of 100 kg in BW were achieved by restriction in Period 1. Subsequent to restriction, cumulative ADG remained greater (P less than .05) up to the 24th wk of recuperation and implants increased (P less than .001) BW gain by 31% and 24% for RO and R1, respectively. The average daily energy intake (ME/W(.75) in Period 2 was similar for all treatments. Feed conversion was improved by 21.5% (P less than .05) by implants. At the end of Period 2 the R1ZO had 8.6 kg less muscle (P less than .001), 2.9 kg less bone (P less than .001) and 5.9 kg more fat (P less than .05) than the ROZO. In comparison, the carcasses of the implanted animals did not show significant differences (P greater than .05) due to restriction. Carcass daily gains were increased by previous restriction (P less than .01) and implants (P less than .05). Zeranol increased daily live weight gain and feed conversion in animals in continuous growth as well as in those observed in compensatory growth an tended to eliminate a tendency for higher content of fat in carcasses of nonimplanted animals making compensatory growth. 相似文献