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1.
大片吸虫感染水牛对宿主增重影响的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
试验初步研究大片吸虫感染水牛对宿主增重影响。 1 0头 1 0 -1 2月龄本地与摩拉或尼里杂交一代水牛分为A、B两组 ,A组 5头作对照 ,B组5头每头经口感染 2 5 0个大片吸虫囊蚴。感染前和感染后每月称重一次。从感染后第 1 0 -1 9周检查大片吸虫虫卵。结果表明 ,水牛感染大片吸虫后第 1 4周检出虫卵。对照组水牛从感染后第0 -4个月的平均增重分别为 0 0 ,2 2 6,40 6,5 1 8和 72 6;感染组水牛的同期增重为 0 0 ,1 4 6,2 7 0 ,3 5 2和 5 2 6千克 ;感染组的增重从感染后第 2个月开始至感染后第 4个月 ,两组的增重有显著性差异 (P 0 0 5 )。 相似文献
2.
15 头水牛在人工感染条件下进行肝片吸虫感染, 慢性感染组水牛每天口服60 个囊蚴, 20 d 总共口服1 200 个囊蚴。急性感染组水牛1 次口服1 600 个囊蚴。慢性感染的水牛于感染后第26 周宰杀。急性感染的水牛分别于第10 , 13 , 16 和22 周宰杀。肝脏的组织病理学显示, 肝片吸虫幼虫可引起肝脏一系列炎症反应。急性感染后第10 周和13 周肝细胞变性、坏死, 肝小叶内淤血, 大量淋巴细胞浸润, 继而发展为肝索萎缩。急性感染后第22 周及慢性感染后第26 周, 汇管区内有大量结缔组织及新生的小胆管增生。实验表明慢性感染和急性感染肝片吸虫的水牛均可导致肝脏典型的病理学变化。 相似文献
3.
选择12头健康、2～3岁、体重300～400kg雄性去势水牛，粪便检查和Dot—ELISA检测确认无肝片吸虫感染，随机分成感染组(n=9)和对照组(n=3)。感染组每头经口一次性感染1600个肝片吸虫囊蚴。研究了水牛急性感染肝片吸虫后血中几种花生四烯酸代谢物及激素动态变化。结果表明：水牛在急性感染肝片吸虫后整个实验期里没有明显的临床症状，具有较大的耐受力和抵抗力；水牛感染后，PGE2在16周前高于或明显高于对照组，以后两组相近；6—keto—PGF1α在整个实验期感染组与对照组无明显差异；TXB2在第1—10周低于或明显低于对照组。血浆Cort在第4—10周高于或明显高于对照组；T4在第4—22周总体水平高于或显著高于对照组；Ins和T3在整个实验期两组比较未见明显差异性变化。结果提示：水牛在急性感染肝片吸虫后，血中一些花生四烯酸代谢物变化明显，参与病理生理发生发展过程。 相似文献
4.
急性感染肝片吸虫水牛的某些免疫反应研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本实验选用12头体重为300－500kg，年龄2－3岁的雄性去势水牛，经粪便检查和Dot-ELISA检测确认为无肝片吸虫感染后，随机分为感染组（n=9）和对照组（n=3）。感染组每头水牛1次性经口感染1600个肝片吸虫囊蚴。实验期间由专人饲养，自由采食青干草和饮水。每周定时颈静脉采血，测定外周血淋巴细胞增殖反应、白细胞介素－2（IL－2）水平、T和B淋巴细胞比例、IgG水平以及血清蛋白总量和比例。结果表明：感染组水牛的T淋巴细胞刺激指数在感染后2－8周高于对照组，但刺激指数和IL－2与对照组均无显著性差异。感染组水牛的外周血T淋巴细胞比例从感染后第1周显著下降，以后一直在低于对照组水平波动，而淋巴细胞从感染后第1周开始显著升高，且一直在高于对照组范围内波动。感染组水牛的α-球蛋白、β－球蛋白与对照组相比均无显著性差异，而白蛋白从第5周开始显著下降，以后维持在低于对照组的水平范围波动；γ－球蛋白从第5周显著高于对照组，以后于对照组范围波动。感染组水牛的抗ES抗原（分泌－排泄抗原）的IgG抗体水平从第2周升高，并持续至实验结束。结果提示：体液免疫应答反应是水牛抗肝片吸虫感染的重要机制。 相似文献
5.
头健康阉公水牛, ５ 头经口每日感染肝片吸虫囊蚴６０ 个／ 头, 连续２０ ｄ ; ３ 头不感染作对照。于感染前和感染后每周采集颈静脉血样１次, 共２７ 次, 分别测定血浆 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ⅰ、β内啡肽 （β Ｅ Ｐ） 以及 Ｗ Ｂ Ｃ 、 Ｄ Ｃ ; Ｔ、 Ｂ 淋巴细胞比例和血清抗肝片吸虫 Ｉｇ Ｇ 水平。结果 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ⅰ和β Ｅ Ｐ 分别在开始感染后第５ 周和第４ 周显著升高, 并持续到第２３ 周和第９ 周; Ｉｇ Ｇ 水平也在第４ ～２２ 周显著高于对照组, 嗜酸性粒细胞和 Ｂ 淋巴细胞比例也明显升高。结果表明肝片吸虫感染后水牛免疫功能的变化可能与 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ⅰ及β Ｅ Ｐ 有关。 相似文献
6.
《动物医学进展》2015,(12)
为明确牛血吸虫病抗体检测试纸条(以下简称试纸条)的检出时限,用试纸条对实验感染血吸虫的10头水牛的抗体消长情况进行了检测。结果显示,6头试验水牛(编号为1号、2号、4号、6号、7和9号)在接种后第4周检测到血吸虫抗体,4头试验水牛(编号为3号、5号、8号和10号)在接种第5周检测到血吸虫抗体。经过吡喹酮治疗后,3头试验水牛(1号、3号和8号)在第16周抗体转阴,4头试验水牛(2号、5号、6号和10号)在第20周抗体转阴,3头试验水牛(4号、7号和9号)在第24周抗体转阴。结果表明,该试纸条最早可检测到水牛血吸虫抗体的时间在感染后第4周,要保证全部检出的时间须在感染后第5周;经治疗后,试验水牛血液中抗体转阴的最早时间是治疗后16周,全部转阴的时间在治疗后24周。说明该试纸条用于水牛血吸虫病早期诊断时间应在感染后4周~5周,用于治疗药物的疗效评价应在患血吸虫病水牛治疗6个月后进行。 相似文献
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8.
８头健康阉公水牛，５头经口每日感染肝片吸虫囊蚴６０个／头，连续２０ｄ；３头不感染作对照，于感染前和感染后每周采集颈静脉血样１次，共２７次，分别测定血浆ＩＧＦ－Ｉ，β内啡肽（β－ＥＰ）以及ＷＢＣ，ＤＣ；Ｔ，Ｂ淋巴细胞比例和血清抗肝片吸虫ＩｇＧ水平，结果ＩＧＦ－Ｉ和β－ＥＰ分别在开始感染后第５周和第４周显升高，并持续互第２３周和第９周，ＩｇＧ水平也在第４－２２周显高于对照组，嗜酸性粒细胞和Ｂ淋巴细 相似文献
9.
片形吸虫(Fasciola spp.)是一类寄生于反刍动物(水牛、奶牛和羊等)肝脏胆管的寄生蠕虫.片形吸虫有两个种(图1),分别为肝片吸虫(F.hepatica,分布于中国北方、欧洲等温带地区)和大片吸虫(F.gigantica,分布于中国南方、南亚等热带、亚热带地区).在我区,感染水牛的片形吸虫是大片吸虫,同时奶牛和山羊也常被这一寄生虫感染. 相似文献
10.
实验感染肝片吸虫水牛和山羊的细胞免疫反应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为评价肝片吸虫病的细胞免疫反应，选用８头雄性去势水牛和６只雄性山羊，经粪便检查和Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测确认无肝片吸虫感染。经２周适应性饲养后，随机将水牛分成试验组（ｎ＝５）和对照组（ｎ＝３）。试验组水牛每天每头经口感染６０个囊蚴，连续２０ｄ，共接种１２００个囊蚴。山羊分成试验１组、实验２组和对照组，每组２只。试验１组和２组每只山羊分别一次性口服接种５００个和２００个囊蚴。水牛在感染前５周和感染后２６周内，山羊在感染前１周和感染后１６周内，每周颈静脉采血１次，测定外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应和／或白细胞介素－２水平。结果表明，水牛在感染后１～６周，Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应有上升趋势，而在感染后１３～１７周低于对照组；血清白细胞介素－２水平有类似于淋巴细胞增殖反应的变化。实验１组山羊血清白细胞介素－２水平低于对照组，而实验２组在感染后２～１１周有上升的趋势，以后下降。 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
13.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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16.
Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
20.
Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664