共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
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全球人工林环境管理策略研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全球人工林为木材生产和缓解贫困做出了重要贡献, 在减缓和适应气候变化中起到了非常重要的作用。文中在介绍全球人工林资源的基础上, 分析了人工林对生物多样性、水分循环、养分循环和碳循环的影响和相互作用机制, 提出了人工林环境管理策略, 即建立人工林多功能经营制度、通过森林认证助推人工林可持续经营、充分利用REDD+机制提高人工林固碳效应的政策推动策略, 加强生物多样性保护、降低人工林对水循环负面影响、提高人工林的养分循环、促进人工林生态系统碳循环的生态系统完整性策略, 以及保育高保护价值区域策略和鼓励利益相关者参与人工林规划与管理策略。 相似文献
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WANGXian-cheng 《林业研究》2003,14(3):259-262
Changbai Mountain forest area is not only is a national timber base but also a green ecological defense for Songliao Plain of NE China. The Natural Forest Protection Project of this area has an important bearing on the social and economic sustainable development of Jilin Province or even the whole forest area in NE China. This paper summarized general conditions of natural forest in Changbai Mountain state-owned forest area and put forward six problems need to be urgently solved and five strategic suggestions on natural forest protection and sustainable management. 相似文献
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祁连山森林水文效应研究综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
主要阐述了森林水文的研究动态,以及祁连山水源涵养林的研究进展和实际运用。全面系统地分析了森林与水相互作用的特点和森林的水文效应,为干旱半干旱区山地森林的有效管理和可持续经营提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
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Sue Aenishaenslin Kate Convery Basil Gua Mia Spain Lee Tunstall 《Small-Scale Forestry》2007,6(2):141-155
Private native forests in Australia perform a dual production and conservation role, providing an important source of timber,
and complementing formal conservation reserves. A comparison of policies for private native forests in New South Wales, Queensland,
Victoria and Tasmania illustrates the scope for timber harvesting, the provision for environmental values, and initiatives
for responsible and sustainable forest management. The sustainable management of Australia’s forests requires initiatives
by both government and landowners to accommodate changes in community attitudes, new management strategies, integrated catchment
management principles and both commercial and non-commercial opportunities for forest use. Of all of the Australian states,
New South Wales has the most restrictive laws in terms of forest management and harvesting. Queensland and Victorian legislation
have a more commercial focus, while Tasmania has a balance of both environmental and commercial objectives. The duty of care
for private native forests is a responsibility that falls to the landholder, and while this should be enforced by legislation,
the private provision of community benefits requires both recognition and reward. The presence or absence of incentives potentially
determines the effectiveness of forest codes of practice. 相似文献
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海南生态立省背景下的林业可持续发展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用生态地理学与可持续发展理论,分析海南生态省建设与林业可持续发展的关系,表明以海南岛热带林既是海南生态立省的基本资源,也是社会经济发展的环境条件和生态屏障;林业可持续经营应贯彻保护、恢复与发展并重的原则,建立海南岛生态公益林体系和商品林体系。中南部山区重点保护和恢复热带天然林,发展森林旅游业和非木产业;海岸平原建立海岸和农田防护林体系,保护和恢复红树林;丘陵台地大力发展商品林、果木和其他混林农业。 相似文献
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1973～2003年中国林业生态足迹的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
生态足迹是评价可持续发展能力重要指标之一,该方法自提出以来得到广泛关注和迅速应用。首先,本文分析了中国1973-2003年木材生产、进口和出口情况,结果表明,中国在1973-1995年期间木材生产呈明显波动变化趋势,1995年后呈现连续下降趋势;木材进口在1995年后特别是天然林保护工程实施后呈增长趋势,而木材出口在1995年后呈逐年下降趋势。然后,采用改进的生态足迹方法(即森林可持续产量法与森林实际生产法)计算了中国1973-2003年间的林业生态足迹(包括进口与出口林业生态足迹),分析表明,1978-1988年期间,实际生产法计算林地真实面积小于可持续产量法计算结果,而1989-2003年正相反,上述两种方法的计算结果均大于用全球产量计算的林业生态足迹。说明中国在1978-1988年间森林资源消耗量大于生长量,林业发展是不可持续的;1989年后森林资源消耗出现长大于消的局面,林业朝着可持续的方向发展,但同林业发达国家相比仍有较大的差距。最后,讨论了林业生态足迹与国家重要政策(包括外贸、经济与森林保护政策)的关系,并提出了减少林业生态足迹与增强林业可持续发展能力的几点建议。图3表1参31。 相似文献
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文章分析了中国热带地区次生林经营相关资料,在对广东、海南、广西和云南重点热带次生林林区或典型经营区进行实地调查的基础上,分析和总结了中国热带次生林经营管理政策、经营现状和经营技术。中国的热带次生林经营在中华人民共和国成立后不久的1951年开始提出,但在20世纪50至80年代中期,主要以利用为目的,经营方式以封山育林为主。到了80年代后期,经济相对发达的地区如广东开始从木材生产为主向生态营林方向转化的大规模经营活动,自然保护区建设规模加大。1998年发生严重的洪涝之后,中央政府加强了以林业为主题的生态环境建设,热带次生林开始得到有效的保护,这一阶段的经营特点是生态建设,经营方式以政府主导的生态公益林、天然林保护等工程建设为主。经营技术除封山育林外,强调了退耕还林、提高物种的多样性和地带性乡土树种的开发利用。但是,中国的热带次生林经营始终未能走出木材利用或是生态防护的两个极端,缺乏既提高生态效益又提高经济效益、能满足生态和林区居民生存经济需求的可持续经营技术和实践。 相似文献
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Covering a vast territory, China is rich in forest resources and diversified environments. The changes in forest resources
have a direct bearing on environmental quality. This paper gives a detailed account of the dynamic change in forest resources
in China, including the overall process of forest evolution, the status quo, and features of the existing forest resources
and the development and use of major forest resources. In addition, it analyses the current situation of China’s environment
and explores the main contributing factors based on the overall environmental situation. To achieve sustainable management
of forest resources and improve the environment in China, the Chinese Government attaches great importance to the protection
and development of forest resources as well as to environmental development and improvement. The paper gives an overview of
current thinking for sustainable forest resource and environmental development in the future and highlights the current focus
of efforts toward this objective. 相似文献
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论中国桉树发展的贡献和可持续经营策略 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我国最早于1890年引进桉树,刚开始主要作为庭院和四旁绿化树种,20世纪50年代在粤西和桂南大面积试种成功后,逐步推广作为南方主要造林树种.20世纪80年代,我国开始大规模种植桉树,1986年,全国桉树人工林面积达46.6万hm2,进入21世纪后,桉树发展迅猛,2015年达450万hm2,年产木材3000万m3,占全国商品林木材产量的26.9％,为保障我国木材安全做出了重要贡献.桉树产业已形成包括种苗、肥料、制材、制浆造纸、人造板、生物质能源和林副产品等完整的产业链,年总产值达3000亿元.发展桉树人工林具有非常重要的意义:一是缓解我国木材供应紧张局面,减少对外依存度,以保障国家木材安全;二是桉树产业已形成完整的产业链,构成国民经济不可或缺的一部分;三是对提高森林碳汇、发挥气候调节、完善森林的生态和防护功能具有重要意义;四是重要的民生林业,促进林农增收和农村致富.桉树科学发展的关键在于可持续经营.首先必须更新观念:由木材生产为主向木材生产与环境保护并重转化,由封闭式经营向开放式经营转化,由传统的永续利用向森林可持续经营转化.同时,必须推行以下可持续经营的技术措施:(1)立地与树种、品种相匹配;(2)适当的人工混交林措施;(3)进行科学的植被管理;(4)改进造林技术;(5)控制病虫害. 相似文献
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The decline of the natural tropical high forest has reached a critical stage in Ghana’s forestry history. Timber resources
are over-exploited, degraded and further production prospects are questionable and of concern to forest management. The objective
of this paper is to discuss some of the institutional measures and development instruments being taken in Ghana towards the
feasibility of achieving sustainable management of the high forest for timber and other commodity products, as well as conserving
other forest resources. This paper, therefore, provides institutional measures and structures, regulatory and economic instruments,
currently being taken to ensure effective forest management and increase the productivity of the land and logging. The role
of collaborative management approach of both natural reserved and unreserved high forests and to promote integrated farm forestry
is explained. Effective management of the high forest resource demands close harmonizing of instruments and mechanisms, both
internal and external to forestry, and which encourage stakeholders to participate actively in decision making that affects
the resource quality and its production status. Currently, different instruments including regulatory, property rights, motivational,
hypothecation, information supply and economic are being applied in Ghana to achieve sustainable forest resource management
and timber production. These instruments are not mutually exclusive in their current application, but rather complementary.
Thus, an effective mix of instruments is necessary to promote and make feasible, sustainable forestry in Ghana’s socioeconomic
development objectives. 相似文献
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Kewu Cheng Runguo Zang Xiaofang Zhou Weiyin Zhang Zhiqiang Bai 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2007,2(1):66-71
The riparian forests along the Ergis River, west China, composed mainly of Salicaceae species, play an important role in eco-environment
protection and sustainable development of local agriculture, stockbreeding, and social economy of the northern desert region
of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The study of the influence of floods on the natural riparian forests is imperative for
the understanding of the successional process and the acceleration of conservation and restoration of forests. By investigating
the relationship between floods and dispersal of seeds, sprouting, natural regeneration, the structure of the forests, and
their current distribution, we conclude that: 1) the ripening and dispersal periods of Salicaceae species seeds overlap largely
with flood occurrence periods, and the sprouting and natural regeneration of seeds depend greatly on flood events; 2) floods
supply soil water and increase groundwater level of riparian land through flood irrigation and horizontal infiltration to
maintain the normal growth of the riparian forests; 3) floods have a decisive influence on the structure, composition, and
distribution pattern of riparian forests, and any disturbance in the water flow has a profound effect on these characteristics.
Given these facts, some management measures for conservation and restoration of the riparian forests are proposed, including
the establishment of riparian forest buffer belt, bank stabilization measures, and maintenance of flood protection.
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Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(2): 46–51 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2-3):91-156
An overview of the forestry sector in Costa Rica was undertaken to determine whether the existing management practices of timber resources hold the potential to meet the country's demands for timber in the immediate decades to come, and to identify changes that might be needed in the management of forested lands. To meet these goals, we examined the present status and potential future contribution of the two newest forest sectors: the management of natural forest and plantation forestry. Rcsults indicate that the present management of Costa Rica's timber resources does not hold the potential to meet the country's demands for timber for more than the next ten years without severe loss of its forests. Substantial progress is occurring, but at an insufficient rate. Moreover, despite the considerable headway made in conservation in recent years, the rate of deforestation remains high. A number of factors limit advancement in natural forest management and plantation forestry, both of which have the potential to deaccelerate deforestation. In natural forest management, constraints are the rate at which forests are being brought under management, lack of budgetary provisions for fiscal incentives to private owners who alone cannot be expected to bear the cost of benefits of natural forest management that are national or even global in their distribution, and the weak infrastructure, extension services and research support to meet management goals. In the case of plantation forestry, the capability of this sector to produce commercial timber is not known. Moreover, inadequate management and extension services together with the misuse of the incentive system by private owners is likely to limit the potential of plantations. Institutional constraints include outdated legal and bureaucratic framework, market interventions, absence of clear policy toward natural forest management and plantation forestry, poor investment in infrastructure, extension and research support, and inadequate interaction among various agencies responsible for the development of the forestry sector. Such institutional constraints have allowed the proliferation of disincentives against the development of a sustainable timber sector. If the Costa Rican government's objective is to encourage sustainable forestry, it must first clearly articulate the policy and then create the appropriate legal, economic and institutional framework for implementation of the policy. Costa Rica, with its enlightened public administration system, vast technical and scientific knowledge about its forest ecosystem and extensive assistance from international organizations, must succeed, otherwise prospects for sustainable forestry in thc less fortunate tropical countries would be bleak. 相似文献
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在我国,天然林资源所占森林资源比重大,质量却不高,天然林保育是森林可持续经营的必然选择。为此在界定天然林与天然林保育术语的基础上,论述了森林更新演替、森林可持续经营、生态系统经营、近自然经营、分类经营、保护生物学与景观生态学理论等,是天然林保育的基础理论,应依此确定森林经营实践的支撑技术,以实现我国天然林森林可持续经营目标。 相似文献
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我国西北地区森林生物灾害发生特点及可持续控制策略 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在分析了1991～2000年西北地区森林病虫害发生情况数据的基础上,论述了该地区森林生物灾害的发生特点。根据多方面分析,认为在今后数年内,该地区的森林生物灾害仍然十分严重。文中提出了防御对策:(1)加强宣传,提高全民减灾意识;(2)将自然、环境和社会因素纳入可持续控制灾害的策略中去;(3)做好预测预报;(4)把减灾工作贯穿到生产各个环节中去;(5)认真贯彻“预防为主,综合治理”的防治方针;(6)严格检疫制度。 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):93-118
Abstract In planning of sustainable forest management, economic, environmental and social demands often conflict. Forest management in Southeast Asian tropical dipterocarp forests has been particularly biased towards maximizing immediate economic return from extensive logging. Overexploitation and other forms of uncontrolled land use within these forests have led to the situation where the remaining natural forests, most of them in Indonesia, will be liquidated within the next 10-15 years at the current rate of deforestation. In this paper we present an approach for sustainable forest management planning in which economic, environmental and social sustainability are considered simultaneously in order to define an optimal management strategy from a set of available alternatives. We carried out a case study within a rain forest logging concession in Indonesian Borneo by using a participatory planning approach involving interviews of the local people, environmental assessment and economic analyses. We used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for resource allocation and priority setting in order to identify an optimal strategy which yields a sustained economic output from timber production, while at the same time being environmentally and socioculturally sustainable. Despite their relatively high costs, strategies involving selective harvesting combined to complete restoration of original dipterocarp stock in logged-over areas were superior in terms of economic, environmental and social sustainability. Priorities set by local communities for the strategies to meet their socioeconomic and cultural needs coincide well with those ensuring the restoration and biodiversity. 相似文献