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The New South Wales prawn aquaculture industry is considering alternative species, such as mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus), to diversify their production base, but little exists on their market potential. Farmed mulloway had higher levels of fat, energy, and cholesterol than wild mulloway and were an excellent source of long-chain omega-3s with good fillet yields: 46.3% (skin-on) and 38.8% (skin-off). Wild mulloway had higher sodium and moisture content but were a poor source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). For consumer acceptance, there was a preference for the flavor of wild to farmed mulloway. The high cost of production remains a major constraint to industry growth.  相似文献   

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Morphological aberrations of the pectoral fins in nine mating combinations involving Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), Heterobranchus longifilis (Valenciennes, 1840) and their hybrids were investigated to determine the level and genetic basis of occurrence. The highest mean percentage survival in a Clarias× Clarias group was 75%, whereas the least mean percentage survival was 2% in the same group. The least mean percentage survival (40.3%) in the remaining three groups occurred in the cross of female hybrid (right pectoral fin absent) × male C. gariepinus (right pectoral fin absent). A maximum of nine types of aberrations was observed in the four mating groups – double dorsal fin, curved posterior dorsal fin, spineless right pectoral fin, right pectoral fin absent, left pectoral fin absent, rudimentary pectoral fin, both pectoral fins absent, double anal fin and curved anterior dorsal fin. These nine aberration types were recorded in the Clarias× Clarias group, with a total frequency ranging from 7.14% to 75.00%. The least number of aberrations was observed in the hybrid ×Clarias group (double dorsal fin and both pectoral fins absent) with a frequency range of 1.47–5.55%. No aberration was observed in two crosses involving female hybrid (right or left pectoral fin absent) × female C. gariepinus (normal). The level of aberrations in some of these crosses indicates the involvement of genotype rather than the influence of environment.  相似文献   

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Abstract

The rise of aquaculture production in the last two decades has had a notable impact on many of the world's markets, sometimes supplementing or replacing existing capture fishery products, developing new market opportunities through improved availability, novel products and/or improved market chain efficiency. Meanwhile consumers have also become increasingly aware of environmental issues and associations with the products they consume; within this broader trend, the practices and possible impacts of aquaculture have justifiably or otherwise been subject to particular scrutiny and sometimes negative comment. Future opportunities and directions for growth and development of aquaculture may become increasingly driven by market perceptions of environmental attributes and, associated with this, the ways in which aquaculture processes and products are presented. This paper reviews the relevant issues of environmental attributes, explores the ways in which these may interact with future production and market trends and suggests critical emerging factors for the aquaculture sector.  相似文献   

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Abstract

France is one of the world's top producers of oysters and mussels by aquaculture with 140 000 tonnes of oysters, 60 000 tonnes of mussels and an ex‐farm turnover accounting to 350 million US$ in 1996. The French market is by far the largest in Europe for oysters and is supplied entirely by domestic production, with very little external trade. Conversely, the French market for mussels is a very competitive one, widely open to imports. Given the evolution of market conditions due to the development of supermarkets, to the competition of new value‐added products and to the modification of consumer habits, French oyster and mussel producers have begun to implement various strategies of product differentiation and quality approach. These numerous strategies, which are built on geographical origin, process of production or marketing promotion may induce confusion in the consumer's mind. A typology of these strategies has been drawn in order to clarify the situation and to assess their sustainability. Since any quality approach has a counterpart in terms of production costs, an enquiry has been carried out at the level of supermarkets in order to assess the price the buyers are ready to pay for labelled oysters and mussels. The results of this study show important variations according to the locality of the supermarkets, especially with regard to the distance to the coast and the size of the town. Contractual relationships between producers and supermarkets as well as better production organization prove to be important perquisites to ensure successful product differentiation and quality approaches.  相似文献   

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Abstract

Bahrain, located in the Arabian Gulf, is composed of low‐lying islands made up primarily of sand covering limestone bedrock. The climate is extreme with seawater temperatures ranging between 8 and 38 °C. Seawater salinity ranges from about 40–60 p.p.t. Freshwater resources are limited with about half the freshwater consumed coming from desalinization plants. Total fish landings have increased over time with some fluctuations. Per caput consumption has dropped from a high of 27.2 kg/caput (1985) to 12.6 kg/caput (1997). Landings for certain preferred species have declined dramatically over the last 10 years. For example, total grouper landings have declined about 70% in 10 years. This has resulted in increased prices at the local market. Bahrain has no history or tradition of aquaculture. In 19 79, FAO conducted an initial assessment of aquaculture in Bahrain. This led to construction of basic laboratory facilities and some baseline aquaculture experiments. A second phase was started in the early 1990s that included establishing the National Mariculture Center (NaMaC). Initial work at NaMaC concentrated on small‐scale culture trials of orange‐spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, pearl‐spotted rabbitfish, Siganus canaliculatus and yellow‐finned black seabream, Acanthopagrus latus. Recently, NaMaC has been successful in mass culture of the sobaity bream, Sparidentex hasta. The initial 1979 FAO study recommended an economic assessment of aquaculture in Bahrain. An initial financial assessment was finally completed in 1994. At that time, hatchery and grow‐out production was not financially feasible. A subsequent grouper grow‐out production study indicated that if seed supplies could be assured, grow‐out operations might be financially feasible. Additional economic studies have been completed on feed and cage suppliers. In addition, local market surveys indicated good consumer acceptance of aquaculture products. Aquaculture management in Bahrain is under the Directorate of Fisheries. The goal of mariculture development in Bahrain is the establishment of a commercially viable private sector industry. This has yet to be achieved. Regulations for such an industry have been drafted, but have not yet been formalized. Bahrain has taken a long‐term perspective to aquaculture development. It has set up infrastructure and is developing technology to support commercial aquaculture. However, financial constraints have limited, but not stopped progress towards development of a commercially viable industry. As the economic conditions and the fisheries change, feasibility of such an industry should continue to improve.  相似文献   

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Aquaculture (freshwater and marine) has largely supplemented fisheries, but in theory could help reduce fishing pressure on wild stocks. Although not the sole factors, some potential benefits depend on aquaculture pressures on fished species, including collection of wild ‘seed’ material—earlier to later life stages—for rearing in captivity and the capacity of aquaculture to increase. Here we first classify 203 marine (saltwater and brackish) animal species as being produced by either open-cycle capture-based aquaculture (CBA) or closed-cycle domesticated aquaculture (DA)—based on their likely reliance on wild seed—and assess the extent to which these forms of aquaculture could support seafood production and greater wild biomass. Using a data-limited modelling approach, we find evidence that current aquaculture practices are not necessarily helping reduce fishing to sustainable levels for their wild counterparts—consistent with emerging scientific research. However, if some wild capture species (87 equivalent spp.) were instead produced through CBA, almost a million extra tonnes could theoretically be left in the wild, without reducing seafood production. Alternatively, if reliance on wild seed inputs is further reduced by shifting to DA production, then a little less than doubling of aquaculture of the overexploited species in our study could help fill the ‘production gap’ to support fishing at maximum sustainable levels. While other ecological (e.g. escapes), social and economic considerations (e.g. market substitution) are important, we focused on a critical biological linkage between wild fisheries and aquaculture that provides another aspect on how to improve management alignment of the sectors.  相似文献   

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Culture water and various tissues from carps (Catla catla (Hamilton), Labeo rohita (Hamilton), Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) and Cyprinus carpio L., respectively) grown in an aquaculture pond in Tiruchirappalli, India, were examined for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial species isolated from the intestinal tract of the four fish species were similar to those isolated from the pond water. More than 50% of the total bacterial population identified in both the pond water and fishes intestinal tract were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of these bacteria suggests the need for following strict hygiene during handling and processing fish to prevent the transfer of potentially pathogenic bacteria to humans. Additionally, it stresses the need for a code of practice for fish growers in aquaculture systems for safety reasons.  相似文献   

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The European Non‐native Species in Aquaculture Risk Analysis Scheme (ENSARS) was used to assess one of the most popular aquaculture species in the world, the striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878), in two locations of southern Anatolia (Turkey). The overall mean risk score generated for P. hypophthalmus by the ENSARS Organism module (which assesses the risks of introduction, establishment, dispersal and impact) indicated that the species poses a medium risk under current climatic conditions. All other ENSARS modules rendered scores that indicated a moderately low risk under current climatic conditions. However, the risks of introducing novel diseases and the actual use (e.g. deliberate introduction to the natural habitats or food market) of the species both attracted scores indicating a medium risk. Confidence levels were medium or high for all modules except the Socio‐economic, with low confidence values also attributed to the risks for farming process of the organism, and its overall risk of spread into the wild during farming procedures and to marketing impacts. Recommendations are provided for further use of the ENSARS scheme, especially for a a priori assessment of potential aquaculture species in Turkey, where the sector has been remarkably developing in the last decades.  相似文献   

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Abstract

Technology innovation and diffusion in shrimp aquaculture has resulted in increased quantity and supply of shrimp to satisfy expanding consumer demand. Logistic growth curves are estimated to depict the rate of diffusion of shrimp aquaculture technology throughout the major shrimp producing countries. A time series/cross sectional model is applied to 1985–1991 and 1995–1999 production data to evaluate factors influencing shrimp production growth rates. Calculated market shares for each country indicate that operating costs, lagged shrimp price, number of hectares in production, lagged export quantity of shrimp, and market structure influence the aquaculture technological diffusion rates and shrimp produced, and suggest that countries that incorporate technologies into their production system benefit the most from increased market share.  相似文献   

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ABSTRACT

The growth of global aquaculture has put intense pressure on sources of fish oil and fishmeal for aquafeeds. The nutraceuticals industry has added further pressure on fish oils with high Omega-3 fatty acids. GM soybeans could provide substitutes in high Omega-3 soybean oil (STA oil), as well as soy protein concentrate (SPC). This article examines the technological and economic feasibility of substituting STA oil for one-half the fish oil in the diet of Seriola rivoliana, a species often destined for sushi markets. Previous studies have shown that the substitution results in no change in flesh quality or consumer acceptance. We find that the two feed technologies result in essentially identical growth pattern and feed consumption. Economic feasibility depends upon the price of STA oil being lower than the price of fish oil. Based on our market analysis, we estimate that STA oil will enter the market at a price about two-thirds of the fish oil price. The estimated cost savings at these prices are small, a 2.8% reduction in feed costs and 0.9% reduction in total costs. However, the potential global market for STA oil could be as much as 252 thousand metric tons annually, which would require soybean production equivalent to that from 1.63% of current U.S. soybean area.  相似文献   

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In this study, we describe what we term a Blue Transition, defined as the passage from fish biomass reduction to recovery in exploited aquatic resources, enabled by aquaculture. A Blue Transition is a key component of emergent “blue” discourses which support that the expansion of aquaculture would relieve pressure on declining capture fisheries, thus contributing to global food security, particularly of the poorest populations. Based on global secondary data and the case of Chile, we explore the evidence of such claim and the implications of a Blue Transition for fisheries and aquaculture development. In 2012, worldwide aquaculture production surpassed wild captures; nevertheless, such turnaround would have not taken place without China's contribution. In Chile, this turnaround occurred in 2014, concurrently with the lowest industrial landings registered since the 1960s (1,227,359 tons). Chile's aquaculture is not relieving wild fisheries or satisfying food demands of the lower income population, in the country or elsewhere. Salmon, the main aquaculture product, is destined mainly to Japan, Russia and United States where, due to its high prices, it is consumed mostly by wealthy consumers. For the case at hand, evidence suggests that a blue transition may be underway but is going in the wrong direction: from what may have been sustainable fisheries management before the 1970s to the overexploited wild fisheries of today.  相似文献   

17.
The increasing market demand for cephalopods and the experiences obtained with different species has boosted the interest in developing their culture in Latin America. In 2008, an international workshop was held in Puerto Montt, Chile, with 14 experts in experimental cephalopods aquaculture from Brazil, Chile, Spain, and Mexico. Several topics were approached within the holobenthic species Octopus maya and the merobenthic species Enteroctopus megalocyathus, Octopus vulgaris, and Robsonella fontaniana. Part of the conclusions demonstrated that the two greatest difficulties for their production were survival of paralarvae for merobenthic species, and survival of early juveniles for holobenthic species. Besides, there is a need to study the endogenous and exogenous factors affecting health and nutritional status of embryos, paralarvae, and juveniles. These stages, which may limit the culture, should be extensively studied in order to develop the appropriate environmental conditions and culture systems for the physiological and behavioral requirements, from egg incubation up to juveniles to reach a grow‐out phase.  相似文献   

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Integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA) is an alternative approach to mono‐culture aquaculture that reduces environmental impacts of commercial aquaculture systems by combining the cultivation of fed species with extractive species. Shellfish play a critical role in IMTA systems by filter‐feeding particulate‐bound organic nutrients. They may also increase or decrease disease risk on farms by serving as reservoirs or barriers for important finfish pathogens such as infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). This study aimed to optimize culture and molecular assays in shellfish tissues and to determine the fate of ISAV in mussels, Mytilus edulis. To determine detection limits, qRT‐PCR and culture assays in both CHSE‐ and ASK cells were optimized in ISAV‐inoculated mussel tissue homogenates. Both qRT‐PCR and culture assays performed in ASK cells had comparable detection limits of 102.8 TCID50 mL?1. The ISAV RNA genome was consistently detected in digestive gland tissue of ISAV‐exposed mussels. Viable ISAV was not detected in mussel tissues by culture analysis in CHSE‐ and ASK cells. The fact that qRT‐PCR analysis resulted in positive cycle threshold (CT) values that corresponded to the detectable range of ISAV in ASK culture assays suggests that little to no viable ISAV particles are present in the mussel tissues.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Aquaculture is a relatively recent industry in Turkey, enjoying great potential for development. Both freshwater and marine aquaculture are being practised in over 800 operational units. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Sea bream (Sparus aurata), Sea bass (Dicen‐trarchus labrax), comprise 90% of the total production, together with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Shrimp (Penaeidae spp.) and Mussel (Mytilus gal‐loprovincialis). Total aquaculture production reached 45 450 t in 1998, constituting 9% of total national fisheries production. Sea bass and sea bream farms are located along Aegean Sea and Mediterranean coasts and comprised 16% of the total number of aquaculture enterprises and 30% of total aquaculture production in 1997. Supplies of these two species have been steadily increasing in Turkey and other producing countries since 1990 resulting in market saturation and declining prices both locally and internationally. Mediterranean species including Epinephelus spp., Puntazzo puntazzo and Pagrus pagrus, are considered to be new candidates offering good prospects for mariculture.  相似文献   

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The freshwater characiform fish Prochilodus lineatus is a detritivorous species that has its native distribution area in South America but has been imported to China for aquaculture purposes. This is the first time that it is being reported in Vietnam, both from aquaculture and captured from a river channel. According to local authorities, the species is becoming increasingly important in local aquaculture and its spread can be expected. Keeping in mind the high biomass production in the rivers of its native distribution area, a successful establishment of P. lineatus into Vietnamese fresh waters may exert serious impacts on the local ecosystems.  相似文献   

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