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细根是植物根系最重要的组成部分,作为衡量植物生产力的重要因素,对森林生态系统生产力具有重要影响。前人研究表明,细根的生产与周转对细根的寿命、分解和生物量估算具有重要意义,并且会影响森林生态系统碳、养分和水循环过程。文中系统阐述了细根生产和周转的研究进展,介绍了细根的3种主要研究方法（根钻法、内生长法和微根管法）,进一步分析细根生产和周转的影响因素,即除了受植物内在因子（细根构型、根序和化学组成）的制约外,细根生产和周转还受到纬度、海拔、气候、土壤条件、土层深度等环境因子及生物因子的影响;探讨了在植物细根研究中存在的问题,并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为植物细根深入研究和根系生态学学科发展提供参考。 相似文献
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细根(直径≤2 mm)是树木吸收养分和水分的主要器官,其生产和周转构成了森林生态系统物质循环和能量流动的主体。由于细根的测定方法不同会导致细根生物量、生产、周转和寿命等指标的差异。同时,细根的测定方法均有一定的局限性和缺陷。因此,细根的测定方法已经成为目前细根生态学领域的热点问题之一。近年来细根的研究方法主要以根钻法、内生长法、微根管法和土壤碳通量法为主。文章就这几种常用方法对细根生物量、生产、周转、寿命等指标的研究方法进行评述。 相似文献
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森林细根生产和周转研究 总被引：86，自引：10，他引：86
随着近 2 0多年来对细根功能的深入认识和研究方法的发展 ,林分细根生物量、生产和周转及其与环境因子的关系成为森林生态学的研究热点之一 ,开展了大量研究。本文在收集了大量研究报道基础上 ,对森林细根研究结果进行综述。结果如下 :细根 (直径 <2～ 5mm)生物量变化在 46～ 2 80 5g·m- 2 之间 ,大部分在 10 0～ 10 0 0g·m- 2 ;细根生物量分别占地下部分总生物量和林分总生物量的 3%～ 30 %和 0 .5 %～ 10 % ;北方常绿针叶林平均细根生物量最低 (2 16g·m- 2 ) ,热带常绿阔叶林最高 (10 87g·m- 2 )。细根年净生产量 2 0～ 1317g·m- 2 ·a- 1 ,占林分总净初级生产量的3%～ 84% ,大部分在 10 %～ 6 0 % ;从北方森林到温带、亚热带至热带森林 ,细根生产量呈增加趋势 ;针叶林细根生产在总净初级生产中的比例小于阔叶林 (常绿和落叶 )。树木细根生命周期短至数天 ,长达数年。细根年周转率 4.3%～ 2 73.2 % ,阔叶林细根周转率低于针叶林。细根生产和周转是土壤碳和养分的重要来源 ,细根生产向林地输入的生物量占总输入 (细根生产和地上枯落物输入 )的 6 .2 %～ 88.7%。除气候森林类型外 ,森林生态系统细根生物量、分布、生产、周转还因季节、土壤类型、立地条件和生长发育阶段而异。同时 ,还受树木体内碳 相似文献
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细根是森林地下生态系统的重要组成部分,其生产、周转和分解构成土壤与生物间的物质循环,是陆地生态系统C和养分循环的重要环节。细根分解的影响因素总体来讲包括植物本身和环境因素,每个影响因子各自独立成体系,又彼此紧密联系。以往的研究基本上都是各因素相互独立的研究。本文根据国内外近几十年来树木细根分解的研究现状,对细根分解所受的影响因子进行了综述,旨在进行纵向比较,得出细根分解目前的研究进展和动态,探讨影响细根分解因素的作用机理;总结当前存在的问题,并对细根分解研究方向进行了展望,为我国细根分解研究的深入开展提供良好借鉴。 相似文献
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Fine roots（≤2mm in diameter） play important roles in carbon balance and nutrient recycling in forest ecosystem.With the development of the study on global carbon cycle,fine roots have attracted considerable attention as the main source of soil carbon in forest ecosystem.On the basis of synthetic analysis of research reports in domestic and foreign literatures,we summarized and elaborated the major abiotic and biotic factors that control fine root production and turnover.The environmental factors included soil nutrient,soil temperature,soil moisture and the CO2 concentration.Soil organisms,fine root morphology and forest stand characteristics were discussed as biotic factors in this paper.Finally,we defined the problems arising in root system research and prospected the future research direction. 相似文献
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Hongying Chen Yufeng Dong Tan Xu Yanping Wang Huatian Wang Baoli Duan 《New Forests》2017,48(5):587-607
Fine roots play an important role in above- and belowground carbon (C) allocation in forest ecosystems. However, few studies have focused on the seasonal dynamics of fine roots with different branching orders. The objective of this study is to provide insight to the seasonal heterogeneity in roots of different orders within root hierarchies of poplar trees under different soil conditions. Three plots were established in high (plantation A) and low (plantation B) soil nutrient conditions. Fine roots were sampled in each of four seasons throughout one year. All sampled roots were classified into one to five groups depending on their branching order, and the dry biomass of living roots and the concentrations of C, nitrogen (N) and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) were examined. Low order (first- to second-order) roots demonstrated more significant seasonal dynamics than high order roots, and the biomass of first-order fine roots was positively influenced by soil temperature and moisture while the biomass of second-order fine roots was negatively affected by soil nutrient conditions. The different responses of fine roots to environmental fluctuations implied a high division of root function, even within low order roots. The C and N chemistry of poplar fine roots also differed significantly with branching order; element concentrations were lower in low order roots. Principal component analysis indicated that root order explained 98.2% of the variation in fine root chemistry. Moreover, the first-order roots in plantation A had greater C but less TNC concentrations than those in plantation B, suggesting that C allocation in low order roots may be more responsive to soil nutrient conditions. The allocation of C and N also exhibited significant seasonal dynamics (p < 0.05); the TNC concentration was highest in winter, whereas C:N ratios were significantly lower in the summer and fall in each order of fine roots (p < 0.05). All these results suggest that branching order may be related to root growth and photoassimilate allocation, which should receive greater attention in future studies on C and N fluxes in forest ecosystems. 相似文献
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Root respiration may account for as much as 60% of total soil respiration. Therefore, factors that regulate the metabolic activity of roots and associated microbes are an important component of terrestrial carbon budgets. Root systems are often sampled by diameter and depth classes to enable researchers to process samples in a systematic and timely fashion. We recently discovered that small, lateral roots at the distal end of the root system have much greater tissue N concentrations than larger roots, and this led to the hypothesis that the smallest roots have significantly higher rates of respiration than larger roots. This study was designed to determine if root respiration is related to root diameter or the location of roots in the soil profile. We examined relationships among root respiration rates and N concentration in four diameter classes from three soil depths in two sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) forests in Michigan. Root respiration declined as root diameter increased and was lower at deeper soil depths than at the soil surface. Surface roots (0-10 cm depth) respired at rates up to 40% greater than deeper roots, and respiration rates for roots < 0.5 mm in diameter were 2.4 to 3.4 times higher than those for roots in larger diameter classes. Root N concentration explained 70% of the observed variation in respiration across sites and size and depth classes. Differences in respiration among root diameter classes and soil depths appeared to be consistent with hypothesized effects of variation in root function on metabolic activity. Among roots, very fine roots in zones of high nutrient availability had the highest respiration rates. Large roots and roots from depths of low nutrient availability had low respiration rates consistent with structural and transport functions rather than with active nutrient uptake and assimilation. These results suggest that broadly defined root classes, e.g., fine roots are equivalent to all roots < 2.0 mm in diameter, do not accurately reflect the functional categories typically associated with fine roots. Tissue N concentration or N content (mass x concentration N) may be a better indicator of root function than root diameter. 相似文献
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Root respiration uses a significant proportion of photosynthetically fixed carbon (C) and is a globally important source of C liberated from soils. Mangroves, which are an important and productive forest resource in many tropical and subtropical countries, sustain a high ratio of root to shoot biomass which may indicate that root respiration is a particularly important component in mangrove forest carbon budgets. Mangroves are often exposed to nutrient pollution from coastal waters. Here we assessed the magnitude of fine root respiration in mangrove forests in Belize and investigated how root respiration is influenced by nutrient additions. Respiration rates of excised fine roots of the mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L., were low (4.01 +/- 0.16 nmol CO(2) g(-1) s(-1)) compared to those measured in temperate tree species at similar temperatures. In an experiment where trees where fertilized with nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) in low productivity dwarf forests (1-2 m height) and more productive, taller (4- 7 m height) seaward fringing forests, respiration of fine roots did not vary consistently with fertilization treatments or with forest stature. Fine roots of taller fringe trees had higher concentrations of both N and P compared to dwarf trees. Fertilization with P enhanced fine root P concentrations in both dwarf and fringe trees, but reduced root N concentrations compared to controls. Fertilization with N had no effect on root N or P concentrations. Unlike photosynthetic C gain and growth, which is strongly limited by P availability in dwarf forests at this site, fine root respiration (expressed on a mass basis) was variable, but showed no significant enhancements with nutrient additions. Variation in fine root production and standing biomass are, therefore, likely to be more important factors determining C efflux from mangrove sediments than variations in fine root respiration per unit mass. 相似文献
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The mixed plantation of poplar (Populus spp.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is one of the typical mixed stands with nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing species. Interaction between the two species
in the mixed stand is harmonious and productivity is high, making this kind of mixed plantation a very successful pattern
on poor sandy sites in north China. In this study, the fine root decomposition of the two species was investigated in the
mixed plantation of 27-year-old Canadian poplar (P. canadansis) and 22-year-old black locust on sandy sites along the Chaobai River in Beijing. Mechanism of harmonious interaction between
the two species was observed in the view of the nutrient cycle of fine roots. Results showed that: (1) the fine root decomposition
of Canadian poplar and black locust trees was different. Concentrations of N, Ca and Mg gradually increased and those of P
and K gradually decreased in the fine roots of poplar during the period of decomposition. Concentrations of N, P and K gradually
decreased in the fine roots of black locust during decomposition. The speed of nutrient decomposition in mixed fine roots
of the two species fell between the speed of the two pure samples. (2) During decomposition, the annual return amount of N,
K and Mg in fine roots of black locust was highest, followed by the mixed fine roots of the two species, and then the fine
roots of poplar. (3) The increased return amount of N in mixed fine roots could improve the N nutrient condition of poplar
trees. The return amount of P in poplar fine roots was greater than that of black locust, which could improve the P nutrient
of black locust trees. The interaction of mutual supplements of N and P nutrient cycle of fine roots between these two species
formed.
Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2004, 4(4) (in Chinese) 相似文献
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2002年5-10月,采用连续钻取土芯法对帽儿山实验林场的水曲柳人工林细根(直径＜1 mm)生物量、比根长(SRL)和根长密度(RLD)的季节动态,以及它们与土壤N的有效性、土壤10 cm深处月均温度和含水量的关系进行研究.结果表明:水曲柳细根生物量在春季和秋季分别具有1个明显的高峰,但比根长和根长密度只有1个高峰.在春季和夏季,比根长和根长密度较高,显示细根直径较小,而秋季,这2个参数显著下降,表明细根直径次生增厚或组织密度增加.细根的季节变化与土壤N的有效性、土壤温度和土壤含水量有重要关系.其中细根生物量与土壤铵态氮含量显著相关;硝态氮含量、10 cm深处土壤的温度和土壤含水量与细根的生物量、比根长和根长密度的季节变化正相关,但均不显著(P＞0.05).4种因子的综合作用对水曲柳细根各参数的影响均达到了显著水平.不同季节细根生物量、比根长和根长密度的变化,显示出细根在生长季不同时期具有不同的生理生态功能. 相似文献