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1.
Schneider JF Rempel LA Snelling WM Wiedmann RT Nonneman DJ Rohrer GA 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(10):3360-3367
Reproductive efficiency has a great impact on the economic success of pork (sus scrofa) production. Number born alive (NBA) and average piglet birth weight (ABW) contribute greatly to reproductive efficiency. To better understand the underlying genetics of birth traits, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was undertaken. Samples of DNA were collected and tested using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip from 1,152 first parity gilts. Traits included total number born (TNB), NBA, number born dead (NBD), number stillborn (NSB), number of mummies (MUM), total litter birth weight (LBW), and ABW. A total of 41,151 SNP were tested using a Bayesian approach. Beginning with the first 5 SNP on SSC1 and ending with the last 5 SNP on the SSCX, SNP were assigned to groups of 5 consecutive SNP by chromosome-position order and analyzed again using a Bayesian approach. From that analysis, 5-SNP groups were selected having no overlap with another 5-SNP groups and no overlap across chromosomes. These selected 5-SNP non-overlapping groups were defined as QTL. Of the available 8,814 QTL, 124 were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). Multiple testing was considered using the probability of false positives. Eleven QTL were found for TNB, 3 on SSC1, 3 on SSC4, 1 on SSC13, 1 on SSC14, 2 on SSC15, and 1 on SSC17. Statistical testing for NBA identified 14 QTL, 4 on SSC1, 1 on SSC4, 1 on SSC6, 1 on SSC10, 1on SSC13, 3 on SSC15, and 3 on SSC17. A single NBD QTL was found on SSC11. No QTL were identified for NSB or MUM. Thirty-three QTL were found for LBW, 3 on SSC1, 1 on SSC2, 1 on SSC3, 5 on SSC4, 2 on SSC5, 5 on SSC6, 3 on SSC7, 2 on SSC9, 1 on SSC10, 2 on SSC14, 6 on SSC15, and 2 on SSC17. A total of 65 QTL were found for ABW, 9 on SSC1, 3 on SSC2, 9 on SSC5, 5 on SSC6, 1 on SSC7, 2 on SSC8, 2 on SSC9, 3 on SSC10, 1 on SSC11, 3 on SSC12, 2 on SSC13, 8 on SSC14, 8 on SSC15, 1 on SSC17, and 8 on SSC18. Several candidate genes have been identified that overlap QTL locations among TNB, NBA, NBD, and ABW. These QTL when combined with information on genes found in the same regions should provide useful information that could be used for marker assisted selection, marker assisted management, or genomic selection applications in commercial pig populations. 相似文献
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坡向对青藏高原东北缘高寒草甸植被构成和养分特征的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
坡向是重要地形因子之一,通过影响光照、温度及土壤养分等进而影响群落植物种的组成和分布。本研究通过对青藏高原东北缘不同坡向高寒草甸草地的植被构成和养分特征进行了分析,揭示坡向对植物群落组成和空间分布形成的影响。结果表明,1) 草地群落优势种和亚优势种构成,阳坡以禾本科的赖草、西北针茅和洽草等为主,阴坡以莎草科的矮嵩草和线叶嵩草及豆科的阴山扁宿豆等为主;2)草层高度、植物物种数和α多样性指数为阴坡>阳坡,β多样性指数在坡向之间无显著差异;3) 阳坡和阴坡草地植物生活型以地面芽和地下芽为主,分别占草地群落总物种数的71.0%和89.0%,1/2年生及地上芽植物为阳坡>阴坡,地面芽植物为阴坡>阳坡,地下芽植物在坡向之间无显著差异;4) 草地群落生物量构成,阳坡为禾本科(78.3%)>莎草科(8.3%)>菊科(6.4%)>其他科(7%),阴坡为莎草科(54.3%)>豆科(16.4%)和禾本科(14.8%)>蓼科(5.3%)和菊科(4.6%)>其他科(4.0%);除菊科外,所有各科植物生物量在坡向之间均差异显著,地上总生物量在坡向之间无显著差异;5) 0~20 cm土壤N含量为阴坡>阳坡,10~20 cm土壤P、K、Cu、Zn含量为阳坡>阴坡;6) 0~30 cm土温为阳坡>阴坡,0~40 cm土壤含水量阴坡>阳坡。总之,坡向对高寒草甸草地群落植物种构成和土壤理化特性的变化起着重要作用。 相似文献
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The avian strain P-1059 of Pasteurella multocida was grown on blood agar (BA), on dextrose-starch agar (DSA), or in Heddleston's hydrogen sulfide test broth. Cells were examined for the presence of pili using electron microscopy after staining with phosphotungstic acid, and they were examined for capsule after ruthenium red staining. Pili were found on the capsulated iridescent type, P-1059I, and on two non-capsulated variants, the blue, P-1059B, and the gray, P-1059G. Many cells grown on BA were heavily piliated. In contrast, fewer cells grown on DSA had pili, and piliation was only slight to moderate. The P-1059I, P-1059B, and P-1059G produced pellicles when grown on broth medium. Pili were found on the circumference of the cells grown on either agar or broth medium. Occasionally a pilus connecting two cells was seen on cells cultured in broth. Cultivation of the P-1059I on DSA containing the iron-chelating agent alpha,alpha'-bipyridyl produced a non-capsulated blue variant. The non-capsulated variant reverted to P-1059I when grown on BA but did not revert when grown on DSA. 相似文献
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Seven ovariectomized Holstein cows, treated sequentially with progesterone and estradiol benzoate to induce estrus, were used to determine whether cows showed a preference for mounting and displaying other sexual behaviors toward estrual or nonestrual cows tied on dirt or concrete surfaces. Preference tests were conducted in a test area that consisted of equal-sized concrete and dirt surfaces; two cows, designated A and B, were tied on the two surfaces, one on either side. Cows A and B were treated so that on each of four test days both were estrual, only A was estrual, only B was estrual or neither A nor B were estrual. On each test day, five estrual test cows were introduced individually into the test area for two 30-min test periods. During the first test period, tied cow A was on concrete and tied cow B was on dirt, but during the second test period, their positions were switched. Test cows were able to move freely from surface to surface and to interact with tied cow A or B. Estrual test cows spent 21.6 +/- 1.4 min of each 30-min test period on dirt, regardless of the estrual status of the cow tied on concrete or dirt. Mounting activity was 3- to 15-fold greater on dirt than on concrete when there was an estrual cow tied on dirt, regardless of the estrual status of the cow on concrete. Mounting activity was fourfold greater on concrete than on dirt when there was a tied estrual cow on concrete and a tied nonestrual cow on dirt.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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J. B. D. George S. Otobo J. Ogunleye B. Adediminiyi 《Tropical animal health and production》1992,24(2):121-124
Records of domestic animals brought to the Veterinary Entomology Laboratory for diagnosis of suspected lice and mite infestation over a 10 year period were analysed. From a total of 794 suspected cases, 137 (17.3%) and 247 (31.1%) were positive for lice and mange mites respectively. The most common lice species recorded were Linognathus vituli (66.7%) on cattle, L. ovillus (83.3%) on sheep, Haematopinus suis (100%) on pigs and Menacanthus stramineus (54.5%) on poultry. Other lice species recorded included Haematopinus bovis and Solenopotes capillatus on cattle, Damalinia ovis on sheep, Linognathus stenopsis and Menacanthus stramineus on goats, Goniocotes sp. on a horse, Linognathus setosus and Menacanthus stramineus on dogs, Goniodes gigas, Lipeurus caponis, Menopon gallinae and Chelopistes meleagrides on poultry. The most common mite species were Demodex folliculorum on cattle (96.9%) and on dogs (80.8%), Sarcoptes scabiei on pigs (100%) and Notoedres cati (80.3%) on rabbits. Other mite species included Psoroptes communis, Cheyletiella parasitivorax, Ornithonyssus gallinae and Dermanyssus gallinae. 相似文献
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为明确不同抗生素处理方式对红色型豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon piusm)生长发育和繁殖的影响,将利福平、盐酸金霉素、氯霉素、盐酸土霉素、青霉素G 钾盐和硫酸链霉素6种抗生素分别进行同时喷洒蚕豆(Vicia faba)植株和蚜虫虫体、只喷洒蚜虫虫体和只喷洒蚕豆植株3种处理,获得了各处理下红色型豌豆蚜发育历期和平均产蚜量生物学参数.结果表明:对其生长发育和繁殖影响最大的抗生素是利福平;影响最大的处理方式是同时喷洒植株和虫体.4种组合处理影响大小顺序为:利福平同时喷洒植株和虫体处理>利福平喷洒植株处理>利福平喷洒虫体处理>土霉素同时喷洒植株和虫体. 相似文献
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为了全面了解肉牛饲料营养的最新研究进展,作者查阅并总结了2015年关于肉牛饲料营养的国外文献报道,主要从精饲料、粗饲料以及精、粗饲料搭配3个方面进行了综述。精饲料主要包括蛋白质饲料和能量饲料,其中蛋白质饲料的营养研究主要侧重于不同蛋白质饲料对肉牛消化性能、生产性能、酮体特性和肉质以及瘤胃发酵的影响;能量饲料的营养研究侧重于不同类型及加工工艺对肉牛的生产性能、胴体特性以及瘤胃发酵特性的影响;粗饲料的营养研究主要集中于粗料来源及粗料的加工工艺对肉牛生产性能和消化性能两个方面的影响。另外,对精、粗饲料的搭配比例对肉牛生产性能、胴体特性、瘤胃发酵以及采食行为的影响也进行了综述。通过总结和分析肉牛饲料营养的国外研究成果,为中国肉牛业的快速发展提供一定借鉴。 相似文献
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《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2020,73(5):619-628
Agricultural practices have historically dominated disturbance on North American grasslands. Disturbances from oil and gas have become increasingly common and problematic for grassland conservation. With growing demand for oil and gas, industry is actively implementing minimal disturbance techniques during construction to reduce impacts on grasslands. This study aimed to determine impacts of a large-diameter pipeline right of way (ROW) on dry mixed-grass prairie to determine if and how far these impacts extended beyond the ROW and the effect of time on grassland recovery on and off ROW. Soil and vegetation on the ROW and on transects extending 300 m on either side of the ROW were assessed over a 10-yr period, starting the yr of construction, at six sites along a pipeline route in southern Alberta, Canada. There were significant impacts to soil and vegetation on the ROW and within 5 m of the ROW in the first yr. The trench was most impacted, followed by work and storage areas. Within 2 yr, soil and plant communities were on a trajectory toward reference prairie conditions. Ten yr following construction, only soil pH and bare ground were greater, and litter was less, on the trench than on work and storage areas, and relative to reference prairie. While native grass richness, dominance, and cover were similar on and off ROW, abundance of some native forb species was less on ROW. Non-native species cover was < 2% in all yr and locations. Although ruderal weed species were abundant on ROW the yr following construction, they disappeared by the following yr. Use of minimal-disturbance construction techniques reduced the size and intensity of the disturbance footprint, allowing for even sensitive arid habitat to recover within a short period of time. Similar approaches to other grassland disturbances can increase ecosystem resiliency. 相似文献
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J Cabaret 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(8):1313-1315
The efficacy of netobimin against digestive tract strongyles and the small lungworm Muellerius capillaris was tested in a dairy goat herd. The drenches were given orally at the rate of 20 mg/kg of body weight once, 10 mg/kg on 2 successive days, or 7.5 mg/kg on 3 successive days. Fecal egg counts and larval counts were done 8 days before and on the day of drenching; further counts were performed on postdrenching days 8 and 18. Two goats were necropsied, 1 on postdrenching day 5 and 1 on day 10 in the group treated on 3 successive days. The fecal egg counts were reduced by 44 to 79% depending on dosage on postdrenching day 18; the remaining worms were Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The larval counts of M capillaris were reduced by 72 to 92%, depending on dose. The reduction was significant in all the treated groups, compared with that in the control group. The use of netobimin at the dosage of 10 mg/kg given on 2 successive days or 7.5 mg/kg given on 3 successive days might be recommended to treat goats infected with Muellerius spp and digestive tract strongyles. 相似文献
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Reproductive and preweaning data on 190 Angus (A x A), Brahman (B x B), and reciprocal-cross cows (A x B and B x A) and 434 two- and three-breed-cross calves managed on common bermudagrass (BG), endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+), or a combination of both forages (ROT) were used to evaluate the interaction of forage type with individual and maternal heterosis and maternal and grandmaternal breed effects. Cows were born from 1988 to 1991, and calves sired by 13 Polled Hereford bulls were born from 1995 to 1997. Heterosis for calving rate was larger on E+ than on BG or ROT (P < .05), whereas maternal effects were larger on BG than on ROT (P < .10). Maternal heterosis for birth weight was negative on BG (P < .11) but positive on E+ and ROT (P < .10). Grandmaternal effects were evident on BG (P < .10) and E+ (P < .01) but not on ROT. Forage effects were generally substantial for 205-d weight, calf weaning hip height, and calf weaning weight:height ratio; BG was highest, ROT was intermediate, and E+ was lowest. Maternal heterosis for these traits was generally greater on E+ than on BG (P < .10). Grandmaternal effects for 205-d weight, hip height, and weight:height ratio were not important on any forage. Heterosis for weaning weight per cow exposed was substantial on all forages (P < .01) and was significantly greater on E+ (P < .01) than on BG or ROT, but maternal effects were not significant. Thus, we observed more advantage to Brahman-cross cows over purebreds on E+ than on BG. We also observed that moving cows and calves from E+ to BG in the summer will alleviate some, but not all, of the deleterious effects of E+ on calf growth, although it may be more beneficial for reproductive traits in purebred cows. 相似文献
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奶牛中性洗涤纤维营养研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文对奶牛中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和物理有效中性洗涤纤维(peNDF)营养调控进行了较全面的综述。日粮中NDF能够通过影响奶牛采食、咀嚼和反刍,调节瘤胃中有机酸、pH和微生物的数量等途径对瘤胃发酵进行调控;peNDF的营养调控作用也主要体现在奶牛的采食和消化过程中。日粮中适宜浓度的NDF和peNDF是维持奶牛健康和生产性能的重要因素。 相似文献
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A Survey of Gastrointestinal Pig Parasites on Free-range,Organic and Conventional Pig Farms in The Netherlands 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in suckling piglets, weaners, fattening pigs and sows was studied from November
2001 to October 2002 on 16 free-range farms (FRF), 11 organic farms (OF) and 9 conventional farms (CF) by means of faecal
examinations of composite samples. Each farm was visited four times with a 3-month interval. Infections with coccidia were
found on 43.8% of the FRF, 90.9% of the OF and 66.7% of the CF. Sows had the highest prevalence, particularly on FRF (87.5%)
and OF (80%).Ascaris suum was present on 50% of the FRF, 72.7% of the OF and 11.1% of the CF, whereas fattening pigs on FRF (42.9%) and OF (54.5%)
had the highest prevalence.Oesophagostomum spp. were observed on 25% of the FRF, 27.2% of the OF and 22.2% of the CF. The infection was most prevalent in the sows on
all farm types: 37.5% on FRF, 30% on OF and 22.2% on CF.Trichuris suis was found on 37.5% of the FRF, 36.4% of the OF and 11.1% of the CF. Again, this infection was most prevalent in the sows,
particularly on the FRF (50%) and OF (30%). No other gastrointestinal parasite species were found and no clinical signs were
observed. No seasonal trends could be distinguished. In many cases, when an age group on a farm was positive for a certain
parasite, it remained so during the whole study. This indicates that this parasite was really ‘endemic’ on that farm.
The results of this study demonstrate that the prevalence of helminth infections of pigs on farms with outdoor facilities
is higher than in pigs on conventional farms. 相似文献
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Five "contaminations", where faeces containing Trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs were deposited on pasture and serially recovered, were used to compare the rate of decline of faecal mass and larval development. In the first three contaminations, faeces from a common source were deposited on swards of browntop (Agrostis capillaris cv Grasslands Muster), ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv Grassland Nui), white clover (Trifolium pratense cv Grassland Tahora), or onto bare ground in the late spring, summer or autumn. The last two contaminations were done on the north facing aspect or south facing aspect of hill country pastures in summer and autumn. Number of free-living nematodes (first- and second-stage larvae (L(1) and L(2)) and soil dwelling nematodes) and third stage larvae (L(3)) recovered from faeces were counted. In spring there was a significant (P<0.01) effect of sward type on the mass of faeces remaining, with greatest mass remaining on browntop and ryegrass 28 days later, and less on bare ground and white clover. In summer there were more (P<0.05) faeces remaining on browntop than on other herbages which had little faeces remaining and which did not differ one from another. In autumn there was a rapid decline in faecal mass. All faeces were gone from white clover and ryegrass swards by day 10 and from browntop and bare ground by day 14. The number of free-living nematodes did not differ markedly between seasons, ranging from 5 to 8.5% of eggs deposited. The number of L(3) recovered was low in spring ( approximately 0.4% of eggs deposited) and did not differ between swards. In summer, more (P<0.05) L(3) were recovered from faeces deposited on swards of ryegrass and white clover than from bare ground or browntop. Most L(3) were recovered from days 7 to 14 ( approximately 1.3% of eggs deposited). In the autumn, low numbers of L(3) were recovered from browntop on day 3 and ryegrass on day 7 (0.2% of eggs deposited) with virtually no L(3) recovered from faeces placed on white clover or bare ground. There were significant (P<0.001) effects of aspect on the amount of faecal mass remaining in both summer and autumn with less faeces remaining on the south facing aspect than on the north. This was particularly evident during the summer when virtually all of the faeces were intact on the north facing aspect but only 40% was remaining on the south on day 28. In the autumn, while faeces were completely gone from both aspects by day 28 but there were less (P<0.05) faeces remaining on the south facing aspect from days 3 to 18 than from the north. There was no aspect effect in either season on the number of free-living nematodes recovered which averaged 8-11% of eggs deposited. In both seasons a greater number of L(3) were recovered from faeces on the south facing aspect than on the north, particularly 3-10 days after faecal deposition. In summer the rise in L(3) recovered in faeces was more rapid on south facing aspect than on the north but both attained a maximum level of approximately 4% of eggs deposited. In autumn on day 3 there was a rapid rise on south facing aspect to approximately 21% of eggs deposited followed by a gradual decline on day 10 while on the north facing aspect numbers of L(3) recovered only attained 10% of eggs deposited. 相似文献
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Nii M Hayashi T Mikawa S Tani F Niki A Mori N Uchida Y Fujishima-Kanaya N Komatsu M Awata T 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(2):308-315
Three generations of a swine family produced by crossing a Japanese wild boar and three Large White female pigs were used to map QTL for various production traits. Here we report the results of QTL analyses for skeletal muscle fiber composition and meat quality traits based on phenotypic data of 353 F(2) animals and genotypic data of 225 markers covering almost the entire pig genome for all of the F(2) animals as well as their F(1) parents and F(0) grandparents. The results of a genome scan using least squares regression interval mapping provided evidence that QTL (<1% genome-wise error rate) affected the proportion of the number of type IIA muscle fibers on SSC2, the number of type IIB on SSC14, the relative area (RA) of type I on SSCX, the RA of type IIA on SSC6, the RA of type IIB on SSC6 and SSC14, the Minolta a* values of loin on SSC4 and SSC6, the Minolta b* value of loin on SSC15, and the hematin content of the LM on SSC6. Quantitative trait loci (<5% genome-wise error rate) were found for the number of type I on SSC1, SSC14, and SSCX, for the number of type IIA on SSC14, for the number of type IIB on SSC2, for the RA of type IIA on SSC2, for the Minolta b* value of loin on SSC3, for the pH of loin on SSC15, and for the i.m. fat content on SSC15. Twenty-four QTL were detected for 11 traits at the 5% genome-wise level. Some traits were associated with each other, so the 24 QTL were located on 11 genomic regions. In five QTL located on SSC2, SSC6, and SSC14, each wild boar allele had the effect of increasing types I and IIA muscle fibers and decreasing type IIB muscle fibers. These effects are expected to improve meat quality. 相似文献
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多拉菌素浇泼剂临床前毒理学试验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
观察多拉菌素浇泼剂对动物的安全药理学和皮肤的毒性作用。用家兔进行皮肤安全药理学试验,用豚鼠进行皮肤刺激性试验和皮肤过敏试验。结果说明多拉菌素浇泼剂对家兔无任何毒性反应,对豚鼠皮肤无刺激性反应,不产生致敏作用。多拉菌素浇泼剂是一种较安全的局部外用药,适合在临床上推广应用。 相似文献
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One-day-old poults were placed on litter on which poults had previously developed diarrhea, increased mortality, stunting, and malabsorption. Gross, microscopic, and morphometric evaluations of the proximal tibiotarsal growth plate, along with analysis of plasma calcium, phosphorus, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations, were conducted for 3 weeks to determine the development and character of skeletal lesions. Poults developed enteritis with diarrhea and dehydration. Body weights and shank lengths were significantly decreased. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations were significantly decreased. Plasma calcium was significantly decreased on day 8. Plasma phosphorus concentrations were significantly increased on day 8 and were significantly decreased on days 15, 18, and 22. Growth plates narrowed on days 8 and 11 and expanded on days 15, 18, and 22. The proliferating-prehypertrophy zone significantly decreased in length on days 11, 18, and 22, and significantly increased in length on day 15. The unmineralized hypertrophy zone was significantly increased in length on days 15, 18, and 22. The mineralized hypertrophy zone was significantly decreased in length on all days. Skeletal lesions during the poult malabsorption syndrome evolved from an early osteoporotic lesion associated with hypocalcemia to a rachitic lesion associated with depleted vitamin D and hypophosphatemia. 相似文献
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In order to understand the molecular mechanism of host susceptibility differential to highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (HP-PRRSV) infection among three breeds of pig, Tibetan pig,ZangMei Black and Yorkshire,the mRNA level of five reported PRRSV receptor genes (HSPG2,SIGLEC1,CD163,VIM and NMMHC-ⅡA) expressed in lung were investigated on 0,4, 7 and 14 days post infection (dpi) with HP-PRRSV JXA1 isolate.The Real-time RT-PCR results showed that the expression of HSPG2 in Tibetan pig increased significantly on 4 and 14 dpi and decreased significantly on 7 dpi compared with the expression on 0 dpi (P < 0.05), and its expression in ZangMei Black on 14 dpi was significantly higher than that of on 7 dpi (P < 0.05);An increased expression of SIGLEC1 in Tibetan pig was observed on 4 and 14 dpi (P < 0.05), and a decreased expression of the same gene was detected in Yorkshire on 4,7 and 14 dpi (P < 0.05);The expression of CD163 elevated significantly on 14 dpi in both Tibetan pig and ZangMei Black (P < 0.05), however its expression reduced significantly on 7 and 14 dpi in Yorkshire (P < 0.05); The expression of VIM gene was significantly higher on 7 dpi in Tibetan pig and significantly lower on 7 dpi in Yorkshire (P < 0.05); And the expression of NMMHC-ⅡA was significantly higher on 4 dpi in ZangMei Black, which was also significantly higher in Yorkshire on 4 and 14 dpi (P < 0.05).In conclusion, SIGLEC1 and VIM might be important genes to influence the host resistance of Tibetan pig,ZangMei Black and Yorkshire to HP-PRRSV infection. 相似文献