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1.
硝酸钾和硫酸钾对番茄幼苗生长、根系形态及钾素吸收和生理利用效率的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用水培试验,研究不同钾肥种类(KNO3、K2SO4)、不同钾素水平(0、2.0、4.0和8.0mmol/L)对"天福冠露"和"毛粉802"2个番茄品种幼苗生长、根系特征及对钾素吸收、生理利用效率的影响。结果表明,随钾素水平提高,番茄鲜重、干重以及根长、根体积、根直径等根系特征显著提高。在钾素水平为4.0、8.0mmol/L时,硝酸钾处理的番茄株高、根长显著高于硫酸钾。钾素水平为8.0mmol/L时,硫酸钾根直径显著高于硝酸钾处理的;"天福冠露"施用硝酸钾的根尖数显著高于施用硫酸钾;"毛粉802"施用硫酸钾,植株的根直径、钾含量和钾素积累量显著高于硝酸钾处理。番茄水培适宜的钾素浓度为8.0mmol/L,硝酸钾有利于番茄生长发育,硫酸钾有利于番茄对钾素的吸收。在相同钾素水平条件下,2个番茄品种鲜重、干重均无显著差异。 相似文献
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不同钾肥对番茄幼苗酚类物质代谢作用的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用水培试验,研究不同钾肥水平（K 0、4.0、8.0、1.6 mmol/L）、钾肥品种（KNO3、K2SO4）对中杂106（ZZ106）和毛粉802（MF820）两种番茄幼苗生长、酚类物质代谢作用的影响。结果表明,两种钾肥均在倍增浓度（8.0 mmol/L）处理中的番茄叶片、根部酚类物质代谢最活跃。施用K2SO4处理植株鲜重、干重、植株钾含量均显著高于KNO3,但KNO3处理番茄苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性、总酚、类黄酮、木质素含量均高于K2SO4。中杂106的代谢酶活性及代谢产物、鲜重、干重、叶片钾含量均显著高于毛粉802,但根系钾含量显著低于毛粉802。总之,施钾有利于番茄叶片和根系PAL、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性的提高以及总酚、类黄酮和木质素的合成,供钾不足、过量均会降低代谢酶的活性以及影响酚类物质和木质素的含成。K2SO4比KNO3更能促进番茄植株生长发育,但施用KNO3的处理番茄植株酚类物质代谢能力优于K2SO4。中杂106的生长发育及酚类物质代谢能力均优于毛粉802。 相似文献
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小麦钾离子通道蛋白基因TaPC1介导植株抵御低钾逆境功能研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
5.
施钾对木薯产量及钾养分吸收的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索施钾对木薯生长发育、钾含量、钾积累量及钾肥利用效率的影响,采用田间试验,以我国主栽品种SC205为材料,设K_2O用量0、120、240 kg/hm~2共3个水平,于不同生育期测定木薯叶片、茎秆、细根、块根的干物质量、钾含量,并在木薯收获期调查、测定农艺性状及块根鲜薯产量(FRY)。结果表明:(1)与不施钾相比,施钾显著提高木薯株高、叶面积、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量及鲜薯产量,增幅分别为16.1%~19.0%、3.8%~8.4%、12.8%~18.2%、13.6%~17.3%、12.8%~29.4%、9.9%~25.6%,其中,K_(120)处理产量最高,达27.1 t/hm~2;(2)施钾显著提高各组织钾含量及钾积累量,K_(120)和K_(240)处理间的钾积累量无显著差异;不同组织钾含量表现为叶片茎秆细根块根;随生育期推进,钾素积累的主要组织由叶片向茎秆和块根转变;(3)木薯钾肥效率、钾素生理效率、钾素利用效率、钾素收获指数均随施钾量增加而显著降低,100 kg鲜薯需钾量随施钾量增加显著提高。综合木薯产量、钾积累量、钾肥利用效率等指标综合分析,建议木薯施钾量为120 kg/hm~2。 相似文献
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低钾胁迫下外源生长素对烟草根系生长及钾吸收的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
【目的】探明生长素参与低钾胁迫下植株根系的生长发育及吸钾机制,同时为提高植物体内钾素水平提供理论依据。【方法】采用室内水培法,以模式植物烟草为试验材料,通过设置2个钾浓度(5、0.15 mmol/L)和5个外源生长素(3–吲哚乙酸)浓度(0、5、10、20、40μmol/L),对植物根系生理特征、内源生长素浓度、钾素累积及钾吸收动力学和相关钾离子通道基因转录表达进行比较研究。【结果】1)与正常钾水平相比,在低钾胁迫条件下,植株地上部干重显著降低15.6%;根系扫描8项指标中,除根平均直径外,其余7项指标值均显著降低;ATPase活性显著降低43.3%;主根尖、侧根尖及叶片内源生长素浓度显著升高;钾吸收动力学参数Vmax、Km值分别显著降低了89.2%、99.6%;植株根系、叶片钾浓度分别显著降低了93.0%、62.2%;根系中内流型钾离子通道基因Ntkc1的表达量显著降低56%。2)添加外源生长素后,正常供钾植株的根系干物质重、根系活力、主根尖及侧根尖内源生长素浓度有增加的趋势,Vmax值和内流型钾离子通道基因NKT2、NtKC1的表达量明显增加;低钾条件下,植株表现出和正常供钾相似的规律,除此之外,低钾植株的根系生长得到明显改善,ATPase活性和地上地下部钾素浓度明显增加,外流型钾离子通道基因Ntork1的表达量明显降低。3)当添加生长素浓度为10μmol/L时,与未添加生长素相比,正常供钾植株的地上地下部干重显著增加了6.05%、8.54%;根体积及根系交叠数显著增加16.5%、23.2%;根系活力显著增加了298%;Vmax值显著增加了118%;低钾植株地上地下部干重与不添加相比显著提高了5.61%、28.6%;根系活力达到113μg/(g·h), FW,为无添加生长素时的3.3倍;根系ATPase活性相对增加了87.5%;根系钾浓度显著增加250%;钾离子通道基因NKT2在根系中表达量显著增加了7.04倍,Ntork1在根系及叶片中表达量显著降低了49.5%、72.5%。【结论】低钾胁迫影响烟草根系生长及植株对钾素的吸收累积,添加适当浓度外源生长素可改善植株根系生长发育状况,增加内流型钾离子通道基因NKT2、NtKC1的表达量,降低外流型钾离子通道基因Ntork1的表达量,且提高植株钾吸收动力学参数Vmax值、降低Km值,从而提高了植株对钾离子的吸收能力与亲和力,进而增加植株钾素浓度。 相似文献
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不同番茄品种镁吸收特性比较 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
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以钾高效品种徐薯28和低效品种济薯22为材料,采用室内土培试验研究了不同施钾量下,甘薯钾的积累与分配及利用规律。结果显示:不施钾显著促进甘薯地上部生长,抑制块根膨大,但品种间变幅不同,钾高效型徐薯28具有更强的根系膨大能力。徐薯28苗期地上部钾浓度显著高于济薯22,叶片和叶柄钾含量分别比济薯22高33.1%、33.9%;但收获期徐薯28植株钾含量为8.7 g/kg,显著低于济薯22的9.8 g/kg。施钾或不施钾下,收获期徐薯28钾分配系数分别为4.2、3.2,济薯22分别为2.0、1.5,表明徐薯28将钾更多分配到块根部分,而济薯22更多分配到茎叶部分。各处理的块根钾利用效率(KIUE-T)为65.1~135.9,施钾及不施钾下,徐薯28块根钾利用效率都显著高于对应的济薯22处理。甘薯植株内钾含量高低是决定济薯22及徐薯28钾利用效率高低的关键因素。因此,两甘薯基因型间钾的利用效率差异主要体现在:徐薯28即使在不施钾下,苗期地上部尤其是茎叶能维持较高的钾含量,为后期块根膨大奠定基础,而收获期维持较高的钾分配系数及植株较低的钾浓度,而济薯22则相反。 相似文献
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不同钾水平对温室番茄生长、产量和品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用营养液砂培试验技术,研究开花期一次施用不同钾水平营养液处理对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响.结果表明:在番茄植株拉秧时,高浓度钾水平T1 (K+:9 mmol/L)和T2(K+:12 mmol/L)茎粗显著大于对照(K+:6 mmol/L),分别比对照增加10.03％和9.08％;在处理后第8d,T2比T1和对照的净光合速率分别增加4.58％和12.96％,且差异显著;T1单株产量最高,比对照增加4.65％;T1和T2果实Vc的含量较对照分别显著增加15.25％和14.46％,T2显著降低了果实中硝酸盐含量,T1显著增加了果实中可溶性固形物含量,T1和T2糖酸比分别比对照高9.67％和10.70％. 相似文献
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小麦大豆间作条件下作物养分吸收利用对间作优势的贡献 总被引：36，自引：8，他引：36
采用田间小区试验和田间微区根系分隔试验 ,通过间作与相应单作成熟期氮磷钾养分吸收量和利用效率 (单位养分吸收量所能生产的干物质量 )的比较研究了小麦大豆间作中养分吸收和利用效率的变化。结果表明 ,间作作物氮、磷、钾养分吸收总量分别高出相应单作 24%～39% ,6%～27%和24%～64% ;而间作氮、磷和钾的利用效率分别比单作低5%～20%、5%～7%和 6%～32%。间作优势主要表现在养分吸收量的增加。间作大豆养分收获指数的提高使间作子粒产量优势比生物学产量优势更明显。种间根系分隔微区试验表明 ,间作作物养分利用效率的降低与两作物根系相互作用有关 相似文献
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腐植酸钾对食用甘薯品种钾吸收、利用和块根产量的影响 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6
甘薯属于喜钾作物,增施钾肥是提高甘薯块根产量的重要措施之一;而腐植酸具有促进作物生长、提高肥料利用率等作用。为探讨腐植酸与钾肥配合施用对食用甘薯钾吸收利用以及块根产量的影响,本研究利用自行制备的两种腐植酸钾肥料,选用食用甘薯品种“北京553”于2005年在山东农业大学农学试验站进行了研究。试验采用块根膨大过程定期取样和收获期测产相结合的方法,观察了块根膨大过程中植株地上部鲜重/块根鲜重（T/R）比值、叶片和块根含氮量/含钾量（N/K）比值以及块根膨大速率的变化及其与块根产量的关系,同时分析了钾素生产效率和钾肥利用率在处理之间的差异。结果表明,施用适量钾肥可以降低植株T/R比值以及叶片和块根的N/K比值,提高块根膨大速率,提高收获期生物产量及其干物质在块根中的分配率,增产24.18%。但是,施用钾肥降低了钾素生产干物质和块根的效率。施用适量腐植酸可以降低块根N/K比值,提高叶片N/K比值,提高块根膨大速率以及收获期的生物产量,增产5.70%。同时,施用腐植酸提高了钾素产干物质和块根的效率。与等量氧化钾对照比较,在块根膨大前、中期,施用腐植酸钾可以降低植株T/R比值以及叶片和块根的N/K比值,提高块根膨大速率;块根产量提高8.11%～9.50%。同时,腐植酸钾肥料的吸收利用率和农学利用率都显著提高。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫下施钾水平对油菜生长特性、籽粒品质和钾素利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]探究长期干旱胁迫下不同施钾水平对油菜生长、籽粒品质、钾素利用的影响,旨在明确不同钾肥水平下油菜通过调节生长和营养分配应对干旱胁迫的机制,为油菜抗旱栽培提供科学依据.[方法]以抗旱油菜品种油研57和干旱敏感品种川油36为试验材料,采用盆栽土培试验,每盆装风干土10 kg,设置K2O施用量0、80和160 mg/k... 相似文献
14.
Hassan Zare-Maivan Narges Khanpour-Ardestani Faezeh Ghanati 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(14):2026-2032
Mycorrhizal fungi affect growth and nutrition of host plants positively. In this research, influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) ongrowth, chlorophyll content, and potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) uptake in maize seedlings in pot culture was studied. This experiment was performed using natural soil containing a mixture of spores of Glomus spp. Mycorrhizal spores were exposed to four concentrations of K solution, i.e. 0.61 (soil K content), 0.92, and 1.23 meq/L and three concentrations of Mg, i.e. 4.8 (soil Mg content), 7.2, and 9.6 meq/L concurrently. Plants were watered every 4 days for 16 days with 50 mL distilled water. A pot with sterilized soil was used as negative control. For study of mycorrhizal colonization, very thin manually prepared longitudinal sections of plant roots (>1 mm in diameter) were stained with lactophenol-cottonblue and examined microscopically. Percentage of mycorrhizal colonization was determined using the grid-line intersect method. Samples from root and shoot of maize were collected for further analysis. Results showed mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher dry and fresh weight and chlorophyll content than plants grown in sterilized soil (p ≤ 0.05). Treatments with concentrations of 7.2 meq/L of magnesium alone and in combination with 0.92 meq/L of potassium with7.2 meq/L of Mg had better effect on morphological characters (dry and fresh weight of root and shoot). Mycorrhizal colonization increased Mg uptake but decreased K uptake. 相似文献
15.
Effect of K uptake rate, root growth and root hairs on potassium uptake efficiency of several plant species Pot experiments with maize, rape, tomato, rye-grass and onion plants were carried out to evaluate the influence of – rate of K uptake per cm of root, – cm root per mg shoot dry weight and – mean root age (as a measure of the time roots absorb potassium) on potassium uptake efficiency of these plants. Percent K in shoot dry matter was used to indicate K uptake efficiency. No close correlation was observed between one of these factors to K concentration in shoot dry matter. The product of K uptake rate and root-shoot ratio was closely related to the K concentration of shoots. However, regression lines for maize, rape and onion were different. One single regression line was found when K concentration in shoot was related to the product of K uptake rate, root-shoot ratio and mean root age. It is therefore concluded that K uptake of plants depends on all three of these factors. In different species the proportion of these factors were markedly different. The plant factors in turn were affected by the K nutritional status of the plants. K uptake rate increased whereas root-shoot ratio and mean root age decreased with increasing K supply of the soil. K uptake rate per cm root was strongly affected by root hairs. The radial distance of the K (Rb) depletion zone of the soil adjacent to the root surface also increased with the length of the root hairs. It is therefore concluded that root hairs substantially affect the spatial access of potassium in soil by the plant. 相似文献
16.
籽粒苋富钾基因型筛选研究 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12
在营养液培养或土壤培养条件下,采用植株含钾量、单株吸钾量和植株吸钾率等作为富钾基因型的筛选指标,对不同籽粒苋(红苋Amranthus crenentus)品种的富钾能力进行了筛选。结果表明,D8-1、R109、R104和K12等品种对钾具有较强的富集能力,在低钾溶液培养30d(不包括25d的育苗期)和缺钾土壤培养60d时,其植株含钾(K)量一般都在3%～4%之间,单株吸钾(K)量分别在50～75mg和100～120mg范围内,植株(鲜根)吸钾速率大于1 70mol (gh),为富钾基因型;而M9和Cr047等品种对钾的富集能力则相对较弱,其植株含钾量一般在2.7%以下,单株吸钾量低于40mg和80mg,植株(鲜根)吸钾速率小于1.35mol (gh),属一般型。在供钾正常(K5mmol L,)时,所有品种的含钾量和吸钾量均大幅上升,但随着培养介质中钾浓度的提高,两基因型的富钾能力差距逐渐缩小,低钾溶液培养时含钾量和吸钾量最高的品种分别是最低时的2 5倍和2 3倍,而供钾正常时含钾量和吸钾量最高的品种仅分别为最低的1.3倍和1.8倍。因此,在缺钾土壤上播后60d或0.5mmol L的低钾溶液培养30d,能较好地反映两种基因型在富钾能力上的差异。同时,两种基因型在缺钾土壤上的根冠比和主根长仅为低钾溶液培养时的一半左右。但无论在那种介质中,富钾型的根冠比和主根长均大于一般型;在供钾 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(22):2676-2684
Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for higher plants. Information on K uptake and use efficiency of upland rice under Brazilian conditions is limited. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate influence of K on yield, K uptake, and use efficiency of six upland rice genotypes grown on Brazilian Oxisol. The K rate used was zero (natural soil level) and 200 mg K kg–1 of soil. Shoot dry weight and grain yield were significantly influenced by K level and genotype treatments. However, K × genotype interactions were not significant, indicating similar responses of genotypes at two K levels for shoot dry weight and grain yield. Genotypes produced grain yield in the order of BRS Primavera > BRA 01596 > BRSMG Curinga > BRS 032033 > BRS Bonança > BRA 02582. Potassium concentration in shoot was about sixfold greater compared to grain, across two K levels and six genotypes. However, K utilization efficiency ratio (KUER) (mg shoot or grain yield / mg K uptake in shoot or root) was about 6.5 times greater in grain compared to shoot, across two K level and six genotypes. Potassium uptake in shoot and grain and KUER were significantly and positively associated with grain yield. Soil calcium (Ca), K, base saturation, acidity saturation, Ca saturation, K saturation, Ca/K ratio, and magnesium (Mg)/K ratio were significantly influenced by K application rate. 相似文献
18.
在施钾条件下灌溉水稻的养分吸收和利用效率研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Potassium is one of the most important nutrients for rice production in many areas of Asia, especially in southeast China where potassium deficiency in soil is a widespread problem. Field experiments were conducted for four consecutive years in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, to determine utilization of nutrients (N, P and K) by inbred and hybrid rice and rice grain yields as affected by application of potassium fertilizer under irrigated conditions. Grain yield and nutrient harvest index showed a significant response to the NPK treatment as compared to the NP treatment. This suggested that potassium improved transfer of nitrogen and phosphorus from stems and leaves to panicles in rice plants. N and P use efficiencies of rice were not strongly responsive to potassium, but K use efficiency decreased significantly despite the fact that the amount of total K uptake increased. A significant difference between varieties was also observed with respect to nutrient uptake and use efficiency. Hybrid rice exhibited physiological advantage in N and P uptake and use efficiency over inbred rice. Analysis of annual dynamic change of exchangeable K and non-exchangeable K in the test soil indicated that non-exchangeable K was an important K source for rice. Potassium application caused an annual decrease in the concentration of available K in the soil tested, whereas an increase was observed in non-exchangeable K. It could be concluded that K fertilizer application at the rate of 100 kg ha-1 per season was not high enough to match K output, and efficient K management for rice must be based on the K input/output balance. 相似文献
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20.
小麦对钾高效吸收的根系形态学和生理学特征 总被引：38，自引：3，他引：38
用 6个小麦品种作为试验材料 ,研究了钾效率不同小麦的根系形态学和生理学特征 ,以及对K+吸收的动力学参数。结果表明 ,高效吸收钾的品种根系长、半径小、吸收面积大、Km小、Imax大。低效低响型品种京核 1号的最小临界浓度值 (Cmin)小。根系形态学和生理学特征可以作为筛选高效吸钾小麦品种的参考指标。K+吸收的动力学参数可以作为钾高效吸收和低响型小麦品种的筛选指标 ,最好的筛选指标是将根系形态和生理特性相结合。根系分泌H+的能力与K+的吸收无明显相关。 相似文献