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荒漠-绿洲过渡带风况及输沙势分析——以策勒县为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以中国科学院新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外观测研究站2005-2006年的气象资料为依据,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带的风况特征和输沙势变化情况.结果表明:①研究区风向以W风为主,频率占62.43%～76.25%,WNW风次之,频率占17.75%;②该区起沙风主要发生在春夏两季,其频率占全年的11.93%～61.84%,6月出现频率最高,且春夏两季起沙风平均风速较大,最大达7.90 m/s;③在风沙活动期内,研究区风向变率指数(RDP/DP)为0.94,属于单风风况,合成输沙势(RDP)及合成输沙方向(RDD)分别为27.98VU和92.10°(ESE),属于低风能环境.输沙势的季节变化幅度较大,主要集中在春夏两季. 相似文献
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本文通过野外观测、室内分析计算、CFD数值模拟方法，对敦格铁路沙山沟特大桥东西两侧风动力环境特征进行研究分析。结果表明：（1）沙山沟特大桥东西两侧春夏季起沙风主要以NW和WNW风向为主，秋冬季起沙风向主要以SE、S风为主；沙山沟特大桥西侧全年输沙势为284.19 VU，属于中等风能环境，合成输沙势为27.4 VU，合成输沙风向为124°，方向变率指数为0.10，属于小比率，风向多变。（2）沙山沟特大桥东侧年输沙势为31.24 VU，属于低风能环境，合成输沙势为8.97 VU，合成输沙风向为91°，方向变率指数为0.29，属于中比率；沙山沟特大桥西侧平均风速、起沙风频率、输沙势、合成输沙势较大，应加强高架桥西侧沙害监测与防治；根据高架桥西侧风动力环境特点并结合流动沙丘进行模拟，分析得出桥底架空区域及桥面风速均大于起沙风速，输沙能力较强，不易产生积沙。但随着沙丘的前移，桥底架空区域产生积沙及风沙上轨可能性增大。 相似文献
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库姆塔格沙漠东缘荒漠绿洲过渡带风况及输沙势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以国家林业局库姆塔格荒漠生态系统定位研究站2012-2013年的气象资料为依据,分析了库姆塔格沙漠东缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带的风况特征和输沙势变化情况.结果表明:1)研究区主要受WNW-NW和ENE-NE两组风向起沙风控制,其中主风向为WNW-NW,占全年起沙风的35.15％,次风向为ENE-NE,占全年起沙风的24.80％;2)该区起沙风主要发生在春季和夏季,占全年起沙风的72.59％,春季起沙风主风向为ENE,其他季节起沙风的主风向为WNW方向.3)在风沙活动期内,年合成输沙势(RDP)为54.73VU,合成输沙势方向(DDR)为S 189°,研究区属于低风能环境.研究区输沙势的大小具有明显的季节性,其中春季和夏季具有较高的总输沙势(DP)和合成输沙势(DDR). 相似文献
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风沙活动强度是研究风沙地貌形成、演变及进行风沙灾害防治的重要理论依据.通过2006-2013年风速数据的统计和计算,对老哈河下游地区春季风沙活动强度特征进行了系统研究.结果表明:有效起沙风速随着风速等级的增加,其出现频率相应减少,主要集中在5.1 ～9.0m·s-1之间;输沙势、输沙量的方位分布与起沙风相似,以WNW、NW方向为主;春季的输沙势(DP)为70.50 VU,合成输沙势(RDP)为37.89VU,合成输沙方向(RDD)为108.3°;春季的最大可能输沙量为1848.49kg·m-1,合成输沙量为1005.42kg·m-1,合成输沙方向为103°,与该地区沙丘走向基本吻合;对输沙量贡献最大的风速以6.0～10.0m·s-1为主. 相似文献
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风向风速矢量统计、输沙势计算以及风况风能环境分类是研究沙区风沙地貌动力学的重要内容。文中以青海湖湖东沙区为研究对象，使用2006、2009、2012及2015年3、4、5月的逐时风速风向数据，计算起沙风、输沙势的数值及方向，分析评估风季研究区风沙活动特征及风能环境，结果表明：1)青海湖湖东沙区起沙风以西风组为主，东风组几乎没有起沙风。2)青海湖湖东沙区的输沙势以W、WNW、WSW、SW,4个方向为主，各月各方向输沙势值均在16.9VU以下，各月合成输沙势RDP低于30VU,4年风季输沙势值均低于65VU,年输沙势值小于200VU,属于低风能区。3)合成输沙方向RDD全部位于ENE、E、ESE这3个方向上，该沙区属于单峰或者窄双峰风况，潜在输沙方向比较单一。 相似文献
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策勒绿洲-荒漠过渡带风沙前沿近地面不同方向的输沙特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用策勒绿洲-荒漠过渡带风沙前沿输沙资料及风速风向资料,分析这一区域近地面输沙的方向分布特征。结果表明：① 风沙前沿起沙风风向以W、WNW为主,风向变化比较单一;② 观测点输沙量集中于NW、WNW、W、SW、WSW 5个方位,合计占总输沙量的68.3%;0～40 cm高度年输沙量为96.0 kg,年合成输沙量为45.9 kg,合成输沙方向为102.5°;③ 观测点年输沙势为43.2 VU,年合成输沙势为31.04 VU,输沙势的方向分布与实测输沙量存在较大差异。 相似文献
8.
玛曲高寒草甸风沙环境与沙化类型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱区研究》2021,38(4):1058-1064
玛曲县高寒草甸沙化是青藏高原地区发生沙化的典型案例,其成因、趋势和治理一直受到极大关注。利用三维激光扫描仪,结合野外监测和室内分析等方法,揭示了区域风沙环境,结合区域沉积物粒度与形态特征,依据沙物质来源复杂程度将沙化类型划分为风蚀坑沙化类型和复杂沙化类型。结果表明:区域全年输沙势为164.34VU,合成输沙势为91.57 VU,合成输沙方向132.37°,风向变率0.56,属于中比率低风能环境。综合风蚀坑沙化类型周边风蚀坑与积沙区的长度比、体积比、长轴线、与区域主风向吻合程度及沉积物粒度特征,可知风蚀坑是该沙化类型区域积沙的主要贡献者。在现代沙化过程中,复杂沙化类型除周边风蚀区、活化沙丘以及沙化草地等为区域积沙贡献沙物质外,黄河河道也为区域积沙提供一定量的沙物质。 相似文献
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艾比湖地区的输沙势分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用艾比湖地区 5个气象站 196 1- 2 0 0 1年的观测资料分析输沙势变化 ,结果表明 :(1)艾比湖地区合成输沙势春季最大 ,平均是 131.4VU ,夏季次之 ,是 89.9VU ,冬季最小 ,是 4 5 .4VU。四季合成输沙势在 2 0世纪 6 0年代最大 ,90年代最小 ;春季、冬季从 6 0～ 90年代一直减小 ;夏季、秋季在 80年代有次高出现。各季的最大值出现年代不同 ,最小值均出现在 90年代 ;(2 )年合成输沙势从 6 0 - 90年代减小 ,80年代中期到 90年代减小较快 ,最大值是 1977年的 12 4 .3VU ,最小值是 1999年的 4 5 .8VU ,平均是 87.7VU ;(3)沙尘暴、扬沙在 6 0 - 70年代年出现日数较多 ,70年代中期达到最多 ,随后开始下降 ,90年代初达到最少 ,之后 ,稍有增大。 相似文献
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Wind controls the formation and development of sand dunes. Therefore, understanding the wind regimes is necessary in sand dune research. In this study, we combined the wind data from 2017 to 2019 at four meteorological stations (Cherigele and Wuertabulage stations in the lake basins, and Yikeri and Sumujilin stations on the top of sand dunes) in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert in China, with high resolution Google Earth images to analyze the correlation between the wind energy environments and dune morphology. The results of data analysis indicated that both the wind direction and sand drift intensity exhibited notable spatial and temporal variations. The highest level of wind activity was observed in spring. Northwesterly and northeasterly winds were the dominant in the Badain Jaran Desert. At the Cherigele, Wuertabulage, and Yikeri stations, the drift potential (DP) was below 200.00 vector units (VU). The wind energy environments in most areas could be classified as low-energy environments. The resultant drift direction differed at different stations and in different seasons, but the overall direction was mainly the southeast. The resultant drift potential (RDP)/DP ratio was greater than 0.30 in most parts of the study area, suggesting that the wind regimes mainly exhibited unimodal or bimodal characteristics. Differences between the thermodynamic properties and the unique landscape settings of lakes and sand dunes could alter the local circulation and intensify the complexity of the wind regimes. The wind regimes were weaker in the lake basins than on the top of sand dunes. Transverse dunes were the most dominant types of sand dunes in the study area, and the wind regimes at most stations were consistent with sand dune types. Wind was thus the main dynamic factor affecting the formation of sand dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert BJD. The results of this study are important for understanding the relationship between the wind regimes and aeolian landforms of the dune field in the deserts. 相似文献
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沙漠地区风沙活动特征——以中国科学院风沙观测场为例 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
运用中国科学院风沙科学观测场的实测资料,对腾格里沙漠风沙环境特征进行初步分析,内容包括起沙风、风沙活动强度、风沙流结构和沙漠边界层的风速廓线.该地区的起沙风以6～8 m/s为主,占总起沙风的71.63%,其次为8～10 m/s,占19.24%,两者之和占90.87%;大风日数为4天;风向以W-N组风向为主;占全年的53.14%.年输沙势为36.56VU,风能属于低风能环境,单一主风向和单风态风环境.风沙流主要集中在地表的0.1 m,占总输沙量的95.46%.观测场近地层厚度大于50 m. 相似文献
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双垄全膜覆盖沟播栽培对甘肃中部坡耕地水土流失和作物产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在甘肃省榆中县黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的坡耕地,采用双垄全膜覆盖沟播(DRM)、全膜平铺覆盖(WM)、条膜(半膜)起垄覆盖(RM)、条膜(半膜)平铺覆盖(NM)、露地条播(CK)5个处理进行对比试验。结果表明,双垄全膜覆盖沟播栽培具有良好的减少坡耕地土壤水土流失的作用,土壤流失量分别较露地条播、条膜起垄、条膜平铺、全膜平铺下降了56.07%、67.24%、71.59%、82.47%;作物产量大幅度提高,玉米产量分别比半膜垄作和半膜平铺增产46.76%和58.07%,蚕豆产量分别比条膜起垄、条膜平铺和对照增产46.52%、54.99%和102.96%,马铃薯产量分别比条膜起垄、条膜平铺和对照增产95.21%、76.30%和74.89%。玉米的水分生产率分别比半膜垄作和半膜平铺提高4.77 kg/(mm.hm2)和9.47 kg/(mm.hm2),蚕豆的水分生产率比半膜垄作、半膜平铺和露地对照提高3.24、6.58 kg/(mm.hm2)和5.03 kg/(mm.hm2),马铃薯的水分生产率比半膜垄作、半膜平铺和露地对照提高47.35、42.02、41.57 kg/(mm.hm2)。黄土高原丘陵沟壑半干旱雨养农业区坡耕地采用双垄全膜覆盖沟播栽培,具有良好的减少土壤水土流失的作用,能够最大限度地集蓄天然降水,加之其明显的增温保温作用,可大幅度地提高作物产量,降水生产率显著提高。 相似文献
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PANG Yingjun 《干旱区科学》2020,12(5):887-902
The seif dune field over the gravel desert surface in the eastern margin of the Kumtagh Desert is a valuable experimental site for the observation of dune formation and dynamics. We used high-resolution remote sensing and station observation approaches, combined with wind and grain size data, to study the characteristics of the aeolian environment and the morphologies of and dynamic changes in seif dunes. We observed the ratio of the resultant drift potential (RDP) to the drift potential (DP), which was 0.37, associated with an obtuse bimodal wind regime. The drift potentials in the west-northwest (WNW) and east-northeast (ENE) directions were dominant, and the angle between the two primary DP directions was 135.00°. The dune orientations ranged from 168.75°-213.75°, which were parallel to the resultant drift direction (186.15°). The dune lengths ranged from 51.68 to 1932.11 m with a mean value of 344.91 m. The spacings of the dunes ranged from 32.34 to 319.77 m with a mean value of 93.39 m. The mean grain size of the sediments became finer, and the sorting became better from upwind tail to downwind tip, which indicated that the sediment of the seif dunes in the study region may be transported from northward to southward. The rate of increase in the length, the mean longitudinal migration rate of the dune tail, and the mean longitudinal extension rate of the dune tip (also called elongation rate) were 4.93, 4.63, and 9.55 m/a, respectively. The mean lateral migration vector of the seif dunes was approximately 0.11 m/a towards the west (-0.11 m/a), while the mean amplitude of lateral migration was 0.53 m/a, ignoring the direction of lateral migration. We found that the seif dune field formed first beside seasonal rivers, which can provide sediment, and then expanded downwind. 相似文献
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Interactions between wind and water erosion change sediment yield and particle distribution under simulated conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
TUO Dengfeng 《干旱区科学》2015,7(5):590-598
Wind and water erosion are among the most important causes of soil loss, and understanding their interactions is important for estimating soil quality and environmental impacts in regions where both types of erosion occur. We used a wind tunnel and simulated rainfall to study sediment yield, particle-size distribution and the fractal dimension of the sediment particles under wind and water erosion. The experiment was conducted with wind erosion firstly and water erosion thereafter, under three wind speeds(0, 11 and 14 m/s) and three rainfall intensities(60, 80 and 100 mm/h). The results showed that the sediment yield was positively correlated with wind speed and rainfall intensity(P<0.01). Wind erosion exacerbated water erosion and increased sediment yield by 7.25%–38.97% relative to the absence of wind erosion. Wind erosion changed the sediment particle distribution by influencing the micro-topography of the sloping land surface. The clay, silt and sand contents of eroded sediment were also positively correlated with wind speed and rainfall intensity(P<0.01). Wind erosion increased clay and silt contents by 0.35%–19.60% and 5.80%–21.10%, respectively, and decreased sand content by 2.40%–8.33%, relative to the absence of wind erosion. The effect of wind erosion on sediment particles became weaker with increasing rainfall intensities, which was consistent with the variation in sediment yield. However, particle-size distribution was not closely correlated with sediment yield(P>0.05). The fractal dimension of the sediment particles was significantly different under different intensities of water erosion(P<0.05), but no significant difference was found under wind and water erosion. The findings reported in this study implicated that both water and wind erosion should be controlled to reduce their intensifying effects, and the controlling of wind erosion could significantly reduce water erosion in this wind-water erosion crisscross region. 相似文献
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ZOU Xueyong 《干旱区科学》2020,12(3):423-435
The shear stress generated by the wind on the land surface is the driving force that results in the wind erosion of the soil. It is an independent factor influencing soil wind erosion. The factors related to wind erosivity, known as submodels, mainly include the weather factor(WF) in revised wind erosion equation(RWEQ), the erosion submodel(ES) in wind erosion prediction system(WEPS), as well as the drift potential(DP) in wind energy environmental assessment. However, the essential factors of WF and ES contain wind, soil characteristics and surface coverings, which therefore results in the interdependence between WF or ES and other factors(e.g., soil erodible factor) in soil erosion models. Considering that DP is a relative indicator of the wind energy environment and does not have the value of expressing wind to induce shear stress on the surface. Therefore, a new factor is needed to express accurately wind erosivity. Based on the theoretical basis that the soil loss by wind erosion(Q) is proportional to the shear stress of the wind on the soil surface, a new model of wind driving force(WDF) was established, which expresses the potential capacity of wind to drive soil mass in per unit area and a period of time. Through the calculations in the typical area, the WDF, WF and DP are compared and analyzed from the theoretical basis, construction goal, problem-solving ability and typical area application; the spatial distribution of soil wind erosion intensity was concurrently compared with the spatial distributions of the WDF, WF and DP values in the typical area. The results indicate that the WDF is better to reflect the potential capacity of wind erosivity than WF and DP, and that the WDF model is a good model with universal applicability and can be logically incorporated into the soil wind erosion models. 相似文献
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YANG Junhuai 《干旱区科学》2020,12(6):917-936
Aeolian processes have been studied extensively at low elevations, but have been relatively little studied at high elevations. Aeolian sediments are widely distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, southern Tibetan Plateau, which is characterized by low pressure and low temperature. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the wind regime using data since 1980 from 11 meteorological stations in the study area, and examined the interaction between the near-surface wind and aeolian environment. The wind environment exhibited significant spatial and temporal variation, and mean wind speed has generally decreased on both annual and seasonal bases since 1980, at an average of 0.181 m/(s·10a). This decrease resulted from the reduced contribution of maximum wind speed, and depended strongly on variations of the frequency of sand-driving winds. The drift potential and related parameters also showed obvious spatial and temporal variation, with similar driving forces for the wind environment. The strength of the wind regime affected the formation and development of the aeolian geomorphological pattern, but with variation caused by local topography and sediment sources. The drift potential and resultant drift direction were two key parameters, as they quantify the dynamic conditions and depositional orientation of the aeolian sediments. Wind affected the spatial variation in sediment grain size, but the source material and complex topographic effects on the near-surface wind were the underlying causes for the grain size distribution of aeolian sands. These results will support efforts to control aeolian desertification in the basin and improve our understanding of aeolian processes in high-elevation environments. 相似文献
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An experimental study on the influences of water erosion on wind erosion in arid and semi-arid regions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Huimin YANG 《干旱区科学》2019,11(2):208-216
Complex erosion by wind and water causes serious harm in arid and semi-arid regions. The interaction mechanisms between water erosion and wind erosion is the key to further our understanding of the complex erosion. Therefore, in-depth understandings of the influences of water erosion on wind erosion is needed. This research used a wind tunnel and two rainfall simulators to investigate the influences of water erosion on succeeding wind erosion. The wind erosion measurements before and after water erosion were run on semi-fixed aeolian sandy soil configured with three slopes(5°, 10° and 15°), six wind speeds(0, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 20 m/s), and five rainfall intensities(0, 30, 45, 60 and 75 mm/h). Results showed that water erosion generally restrained the succeeding wind erosion. At a same slope, the restraining effects decreased as rainfall intensity increased, which decreased from 70.63% to 50.20% with rainfall intensity increased from 30 to 75 mm/h. Rills shaped by water erosion could weaken the restraining effects at wind speed exceeding 15 m/s mainly by cutting through the fine grain layer, exposing the sand layer prone to wind erosion to airflow. In addition, the restraining effects varied greatly among different soil types. The restraining effects of rainfall on the succeeding wind erosion depend on the formation of a coarsening layer with a crust and a compact fine grain layer after rainfall. The findings can deepen the understanding of the complex erosion and provide scientific basis for regional soil and water conservation in arid and semi-arid regions. 相似文献
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巴丹吉林沙漠拐子湖地区贴地层风速廓线和风沙流结构特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
野外监测试验表明：自由风和风沙流廓线拟合虽都以Z=A·exp(-X/T)+Z1形式分布,但在风沙流中拟合系数更高;风沙流结构中,在20 cm以下随着高度的增加,各高度的输沙率百分比、含沙浓度、运动颗粒能量都呈增大趋势;20 cm以上随高度增加,各高度输沙率百分比变小,输沙率占总输沙率的51%左右,含沙量主要集中在离地面20 cm以内;风沙流在垂直方向上,高度与含沙平均粒径呈负相关,风速与含沙平均粒径变化呈正相关。这些结论对拐子湖地区防风治沙有重要的指导意义。 相似文献