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1.
《中国畜牧兽医》2018,(12)
为了筛选有效的球虫消毒剂,本研究将柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊分别与16种常用消毒剂和1种高效抗球虫药物溶液(250mg/L妥曲珠利溶液)混合作用2h然后在2.5%重铬酸钾溶液中孢子化培养,或混合作用4h后接种14日龄雏鸡,根据卵囊孢子化率、孢子化抑制率、每克粪便卵囊数量(oocysts per gram of feces,OPG)、病变计分和血便情况评价消毒剂和抗球虫药物抑杀球虫卵囊效果。结果显示,8%氨水对未孢子化卵囊和孢子化卵囊均表现为100%的抑杀效果;250mg/L妥曲珠利、3%甲醛、4%苯酚、0.5%过氧乙酸、5%NaOH+10%NaCl和5%NaOH对球虫卵囊活性具有一定的抑制作用,孢子化抑制率超过10%,但是对孢子化卵囊抑杀作用不明显;而剩余10种常用消毒剂对球虫卵囊没有明显的抑杀作用。氨水抑杀球虫卵囊条件优化的试验结果显示,1%～8%氨水与未孢子化卵囊作用1h以上,均可100%抑杀球虫卵囊活性。粪便干扰试验结果显示,粪便不影响2%和4%氨水对球虫卵囊的抑杀效果。本研究结果说明常用消毒剂和抗球虫药物不能有效杀灭球虫卵囊的活性,而氨水是一种高效球虫消毒剂。本研究结果可为开发新型高效球虫消毒剂和球虫病控制提供参考。 相似文献
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为了筛选有效的球虫消毒剂,本研究将柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊分别与16种常用消毒剂和1种高效抗球虫药物溶液（250 mg/L妥曲珠利溶液）混合作用2 h然后在2.5%重铬酸钾溶液中孢子化培养,或混合作用4 h后接种14日龄雏鸡,根据卵囊孢子化率、孢子化抑制率、每克粪便卵囊数量（oocysts per gram of feces,OPG）、病变计分和血便情况评价消毒剂和抗球虫药物抑杀球虫卵囊效果。结果显示,8%氨水对未孢子化卵囊和孢子化卵囊均表现为100%的抑杀效果;250 mg/L妥曲珠利、3%甲醛、4%苯酚、0.5%过氧乙酸、5% NaOH+10% NaCl和5% NaOH对球虫卵囊活性具有一定的抑制作用,孢子化抑制率超过10%,但是对孢子化卵囊抑杀作用不明显;而剩余10种常用消毒剂对球虫卵囊没有明显的抑杀作用。氨水抑杀球虫卵囊条件优化的试验结果显示,1%~8%氨水与未孢子化卵囊作用1 h以上,均可100%抑杀球虫卵囊活性。粪便干扰试验结果显示,粪便不影响2%和4%氨水对球虫卵囊的抑杀效果。本研究结果说明常用消毒剂和抗球虫药物不能有效杀灭球虫卵囊的活性,而氨水是一种高效球虫消毒剂。本研究结果可为开发新型高效球虫消毒剂和球虫病控制提供参考。 相似文献
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用消毒药抑杀鸡球虫卵囊的试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验按照安全、有效、经济、来源容易的原则，从时鸡球早卵囊有一定抑杀作用的三类消毒药物（酸类、消毒剂类、表面活性剂类）中，筛选了17组不同药物和浓度的搭配组合，设计了3个试验，抑制鸡球中新鲜卵囊孢子化试验；抑杀孢子化卵囊试验；新鲜 囊和孢子化卵囊经药物处理后感染小鼠试验。通过试验，4、7、8、11、13号药物组合对新鲜球虫卵囊的抑杀率是100％，其中7、13号药物组合在抑杀孢子化试验中孢子化率和感染小鸡试验中的感染均为阴性，证明了7、13号药物地鸡球虫卵囊有很好的体外抑杀作用，可作为环境消毒药的首选物在生产上推广。 相似文献
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为研究消毒剂对兔球虫卵囊孢子化的抑制效果,选用聚维酮碘、二氧化氯和三氯异氰尿酸3种消毒剂,在不同浓度和作用时间下处理兔球虫卵囊,分别培养24、48和72 h后计算各条件下卵囊孢子化率。结果表明:处理5、15、30和60 min后,聚维酮碘(500 mg/L、1 000 mg/L、2 000 mg/L)、二氧化氯(以有效氯计,25 mg/L、50 mg/L、100 mg/L)各组对球虫卵囊孢子化无明显抑制作用,三氯异氰尿酸(以有效氯计,250 mg/L、500 mg/L、1 000 mg/L)对球虫卵囊孢子化有一定抑制作用,其中以培养24 h抑制作用最明显。 相似文献
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为探讨温度对球虫消杀剂抑制鸡球虫卵囊孢子化的影响,试验以7%氨水作为对照组,设置1:50、1:100、1:150的球虫消杀剂溶液组,同时设置生理盐水对照组.各处理液分别在4℃和20℃下与柔嫩艾美耳球虫未孢子化卵囊在体外相互作用6、12和24h,然后用2.5%重铬酸钾溶液培养处理后的球虫卵囊,观察其孢子化率.结果表明:1:50、1:100、1:150球虫消杀剂在4℃分别处理6、12和24h的卵囊孢子化率均极显著(P<0.01)高于20℃下的对应处理组.球虫消杀剂在20℃下有更好的抑制球虫卵囊孢子化的作用. 相似文献
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为了解不同消毒药对兔球虫卵囊孢子化的影响,试验采用不同浓度的氨水(2%、5%、10%)、聚维酮碘(0.1%、0.5%、5%)、新洁尔灭(0.1%、0.5%、1%)、过氧化氢(0.3%、0.5%、1%)、碘酊(2%、3%、5%)、兽用百毒杀(1∶100、1∶50、1∶10)、二氯异氰尿酸钠(1∶200、1∶100、1∶50)、氢氧化钠(0.2%、0.5%、1%)分别对自然混合感染球虫的兔新鲜粪球作用10 min、30 min、1 h、2 h,观察其对球虫卵囊孢子化的影响。结果表明:10%氨水对兔球虫卵囊孢子化影响最大,其孢子化率最低;二氯异氰尿酸钠、新洁尔灭、聚维酮碘对球虫卵囊孢子化有一定影响,过氧化氢、碘酊、兽用百毒杀、氢氧化钠对球虫卵囊孢子化无明显影响。说明氨水、二氯异氰尿酸钠和新洁尔灭三种消毒药可作为兔球虫环境消毒的有效药物。 相似文献
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为了解阳光照射对球虫卵囊孢子化率的影响,将未孢子化卵囊分别在阳光下照射2小时、4小时、6小时后,放在27～28℃恒温箱中培养,于第3天和第5天进行显微镜观察计数球虫卵囊孢子化率。试验结果表明,阳光照射对球虫卵囊的孢子化率有着明显抑制作用,随着光照时间的延长,球虫卵囊的孢子化率呈下降趋势。说明鸡球虫未孢子化卵囊对高温干燥的环境抵抗力差,阳光照射3～4小时,孢子化率明显下降12.67%￣26.00%。 相似文献
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The development and application of a standardized model for testing of anticoccidial disinfectants are described. Due to its economic impact, tenacity of oocysts, and reproducibility of the course of infection Eimeria tenella has been chosen as test organism. Oocysts of the Houghton strain were more susceptible to disinfection with 4% TP4 (Preventol) than oocysts of a field isolate (FI 292/1) as determined by sporulation inhibition and lysis. Scoring of intestinal lesions and of oocyst numbers in mucosal scrapings in chicken infected with various doses of oocysts were found unsuitable for assessment of disinfectants. Because strain differences were observed only Houghton strain oocysts were applied for further testing. Guidelines for standardized in vivo testing of disinfectants have been stipulated by the German Veterinary Society (DVG) on the basis of these studies. When applied for testing of Neopredisan (NP) in two separate laboratories similar results were obtained. Inhibitory activity (IA; proportion of inactivated oocysts) of 92.9 and 90.6% were calculated for 3% NP and of 95.2 and 96.8% for 4% NP after treatment with the disinfectant over 120 min. According to the guidelines IA of at least 95% is required for certification of sufficient disinfecting efficacy by the DVG. 相似文献
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Penzhorn BL 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2000,71(2):106-108
Faecal specimens collected in the Kruger National Park from 103 African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) up to 1 year old and 283 buffaloes older than 1 year were examined for the presence of coccidian oocysts and nematode eggs. Most specimens from animals older than 1 year had negative coccidian oocyst counts. Positive specimens from younger animals had significantly higher coccidian oocyst counts than those from older animals. No such difference was found for nematode egg counts. 相似文献
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Dubey JP Webb DM Sundar N Velmurugan GV Bandini LA Kwok OC Su C 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,149(3-4):207-212
This study evaluated potential relationships between parasite egg/oocyst outputs in cow-calf beef herds located within the United States Northern Great Plains and herd longitude and latitude. Management of study herds was typical of herds from this region. Parasite egg/oocyst counts were measured from 10 cows and 5 calves selected from each herd near the end of the traditional grazing season (October 1993). The types and numbers of eggs and oocysts recovered from both cows and spring-born calves were consistent with those described in other studies. No significant relationship between fecal egg/oocyst counts and latitude was observed in calves or cows. Monezia egg output exhibited no significant correlation with longitude for calves or cows. In cows, a significant negative correlation was detected between coccidian oocyst counts and herd longitude but not between helminth egg counts and longitude. In calves, Nematodirus, trichostrongyle and Trichuris egg output and coccidian oocyst output were all negatively correlated with longitude. This negative correlation suggests that nematode populations within the study area decreased slightly from an east to west direction. 相似文献
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采用饱和盐水漂浮法、麦克马斯特氏法、卵囊培养等方法及应用电脑和配置有彩色数码摄像机的双目光学显微镜设备,在毕节市8个县（区）、24个乡（镇）、26个养殖户（场）开展了山羊球虫病流行病学调查,对339只山羊粪样进行了定性、定量检查和胞子化培养,并应用电脑技术对山羊球虫的卵囊种类进行了鉴别.结果显示,球虫卵囊的感染率96.75％;OPG值在100～472 700枚之间,平均OPG值为8 570枚,鉴别出艾美耳属球虫8种,并对其卵囊的形态学特征进行了详细地描述.调查结果基本反映了当地山羊球虫的感染状况,表明了在电脑上直接观察、记录和测量球虫卵囊的方法比在显微镜下方便,测量也较为准确. 相似文献
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Isospora suis is a coccidian parasite infecting piglets soon after birth. While the gross epidemiology of I. suis is well known, little knowledge exists on the ecology of the oocysts. To study the development and survival of oocysts of I. suis under controlled laboratory conditions, known numbers of oocysts ( approximately 200 in each of 4 replicates) were exposed to all combinations of 4 relative humidities (53-100% RH) and 3 temperatures (20 degrees , 25 degrees , 30 degrees C). Determination of viability was based on morphological and fluorescent properties of the oocyst as well as on the permeability of the oocyst wall characterized by inclusion/exclusion of the fluorescent dye propidium iodide. The viability of the oocysts was studied over time by fluorescence and light microscopy until <5% of the oocysts were considered to be viable. The sporulation rate increased with temperature, however, the infective sporocyst stage was reached within 24h at all temperatures, while RH did not seem to affect sporulation. Results show a rapid reduction in viable oocysts exposed to high temperatures (25 degrees C and 30 degrees C) in combination with low relative humidities (53% RH and 62% RH), at which conditions oocysts died within 24h. Viability was higher when oocysts were exposed to higher relative humidities (75% RH and 100% RH) as well as a lower temperature (20 degrees C). However, even at 75% RH the oocysts died within 24-60 h at 30 degrees C to 20 degrees C, respectively, while the most favourable condition appeared to be 100% RH and 25 degrees C at which condition the percentage of viable oocysts decreased from 100% to 17% in 96 h. The results indicate that it may be possible to reduce the infection pressure of I. suis in modern sow herds by changing the environmental conditions and/or the management within the farrowing pens, and thereby increase animal welfare without relying on the use of routine medication. 相似文献
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鸡球虫病是危害养鸡业的主要疾病之一,为了解湘黄鸡球虫病病原学流行情况,选择湘黄鸡饲养较集中的衡东、衡山、衡南、衡阳县以及衡阳市郊区五个县区,以地面散养的湘黄鸡为病原学调查对象。通过粪样分肠段采集,采用琼脂薄板单卵囊的分离培养和球虫单卵囊感染试验。经鉴定,结果发现湘黄鸡球虫病的病原体有堆型艾美耳球虫、早熟艾美耳球虫、柔嫩艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫、巨型艾美耳球虫等五种球虫。鉴定中,采用4%琼脂糖块将单卵囊分离最合适,此法与其他分离方法比较,简单易行,不需要专门的分离仪器。 相似文献
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Feed additive anticoccidials currently used in Japan were examined for possible effects on oocyst sporulation of Eimeria tenella. Monensin, salinomycin, lasalocid, amprolium plus ethpabate, amporolium plus ethopabate plus sulfaquinoxaline, clopidol, or nicarbazin were given to chickens continuously via the feed at the recommended use level or one-half of that level. Oocysts discharged in feces 7-8 days post inoculation (PI) were collected and aerated for sporulation. Low sporulation rate was noted, when clopidol at 62.5 mg kg-1 was given from 4 to 7 days PI. These oocysts were as infective as oocysts from controls, based on weight gain, feed efficiency, gross lesion score of cecae, and oocyst count 7 days PI. The results of the study indicated that the second schizogony and gametogony are vulnerable to clopidol, as evidenced by oocyst sporulation, but infectivity of these sporulated oocysts was not affected. 相似文献
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Saratsis A Regos I Tzanidakis N Voutzourakis N Stefanakis A Treuter D Joachim A Sotiraki S 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,188(1-2):1-9
The effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) against ovine coccidia was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. In 3 in vivo trials weaned lambs were allocated into two treatment groups receiving diets with either lucerne (Medicago sativa) or sainfoin. During the trials, which lasted for 7 (trial 1) or 8 weeks (trials 2 and 3), oocysts per gram of faeces (OPGs), faecal scores and weight gain were recorded. In two of the experiments (trials 1 and 3) a reduction in the mean oocyst excretion rates was observed, starting three to four weeks after sainfoin hay feeding. This reduction ranged between 21.3% (trial 1) and 61.7% (trial 3) compared to the control values. As a result, a decrease in the total number of oocysts excreted (expressed as the mean area under the curve of the OPG) was observed from week 4 to the end of the two trials, respectively (trial 1: 42.6% reduction, p=0.05; trial 3: 52.4% reduction, p=0.06). The results did not show any significant diet effect on lamb growth rates and faecal scores. In the in vitro experiments the effect of 39 sainfoin extracts were tested in an oocyst sporulation inhibition assay. The Eimeria oocysts sporulation inhibition throughout the experiments did not exceed 10.7%, showing that extracts of this forages do not have a significant inhibitory effect on Eimeria oocyst sporulation. This was an initial attempt to investigate a possible anticoccidial effect of sainfoin and further studies are needed in order to better understand its mode of action against Eimeria. 相似文献
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本实验采用单卵囊分离技术分离纯化球虫,并根据其临床病理变化、潜隐期、最短孢子化时间等指标综合判定其为柔嫩艾美耳球虫。用纯化所得球虫卵囊进行致病性试验,结果表明:该柔嫩艾美耳球虫致病力较强,半数致死量为7.52×104个/只。 相似文献