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1.
为查明上海市奉贤区某对虾养殖场疑似患急性肝胰腺坏死病的凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）的病原菌，本研究从患病凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺组织分离纯化到1株优势菌FHBX-1,并通过人工回归感染试验确定其致病性，利用VITEK-2全自动微生物鉴定仪和16S rRNA、热休克蛋白HSP60基因序列分析进行综合鉴定，并检测其毒力基因。同时采用K-B纸片扩散法检测病原菌的药物敏感性并通过石蜡切片观察患病凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺组织的病理特征。结果显示：菌株FHBX-1经生理生化特征测定、16S rRNA和热休克蛋白HSP60基因序列分析，综合鉴定为副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）,且携带了急性肝胰腺坏死病相关的毒力基因pirAVP、pirBVP,未携带副溶血弧菌临床主要毒力基因耐热直接溶血毒素tdh和相对耐热直接溶血毒素trh基因。人工回归感染试验结果显示，凡纳滨对虾在菌液浓度为1.0×106 CFU/mL浸泡感染试验组，7 d内累计死亡率为80%,患病凡纳滨对虾具有肝胰腺颜色变白、萎缩变小，胃肠变... 相似文献
2.
副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是海水养殖中常见的条件致病菌,具有发生率高和流行面广等特点。本文从患红体病的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)体内分离得到一株细菌HNBX-1,经生化实验结合热休克蛋白60(Heat Shock Protein 60,HSP60)基因鉴定为副溶血弧菌。毒性实验表明,弧菌HNBX-1对凡纳滨对虾的毒性极强,感染24 h时的LD50为3.5×104cfu·mL-1;对其重要毒力基因———耐热溶血毒素基因(TDH)、耐热溶血毒素相关基因(TRH)和Ⅲ型分泌系统(T3SS1和T3SS2)的分析结果显示,HNBX-1中的TDH、TRH以及T3SS2基因检测结果均为阴性,而T3SS1的4个毒力基因中的VP1689(vscK)和VP1694(vscF)基因扩增为阳性,表明该副溶血弧菌菌株的强毒特性与其携带的T3SS1密切相关。 相似文献
3.
为研究凡纳滨对虾死亡的致病机理,实验采用TCBS培养基从濒死凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺分离到浅绿色、直径3～7 mm的发荧光菌落;革兰氏染色为阴性短杆菌;经API20E鉴定,分离株PvL-1与坎氏弧菌参考菌株CAIM249相似度为90%;fitZ序列与坎氏弧菌CP020076相似度为99.31%;gapA序列与坎氏弧菌EF596552相似度为98.89%;采用坎氏弧菌种特异性引物对PvL-1进行PCR分析,可扩增出坎氏弧菌种特异性片段,不能扩增出轮虫弧菌和哈维氏弧菌特异性片段,上述结果表明PvL-1为坎氏弧菌成员。分离菌株在10%脱纤维羊血平板呈β溶血,脱脂奶粉平板出现明显透明圈,表明存在溶血性和胞外蛋白酶活性。分析了PvL-1的急性肝胰腺坏死病、溶血素基因、菌毛基因和其他毒力基因,表明PvL-1具有AP4、TLH、vcahHly、flaC、mukF、gloB、sodB和esrB等毒力基因。PvL-1可使健康凡纳滨对虾发病死亡,濒死凡纳滨对虾与自然发病虾呈现类似症状,对凡纳滨对虾半数致死浓度(LD50)2.94×104 CFU/尾;病理组织观察发现,人工感染发病凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺小管细胞脱落、崩解、血细胞浸润等,与自然发病凡纳滨对虾病理特征相同。研究表明,本次实验分离到可发光的坎氏弧菌PvL-1,对凡纳滨对虾有较强致病性,拓展了对凡纳滨对虾发光坎氏弧菌的认知。 相似文献
4.
对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病(Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease,AHPND)是由致AHPND副溶血弧菌(AHPND-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VpAHPND)携带的pVA1-like质粒所表达的PirA~(Vp)和PirB~(Vp)毒力蛋白对对虾肝胰腺的急性毒性所致。本研究用2.19×10~5 CFU/ml VpAHPND分离株20130629002S01对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)进行浸泡感染,于感染后2~9 d采集对虾的肝胰腺、鳃、肠道、肌肉组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测各组织中的pir AVp拷贝数。结果显示,感染后凡纳滨对虾各组织均能检测到pirA~(Vp),其中,肝胰腺在感染后第4天达到峰值,为8.71×10~4 copies/mg,而鳃、肌肉、肠道分别在第3、4、5天达到峰值,分别为9.08×10~3、2.59×10~4、5.76×10~4 copies/mg。早期感染鳃组织中先出现Vp_(AHPND)的富集,在高死亡发生期,Vp_(AHPND)数量在肝胰腺和肠道出现高峰,在死亡数量逐渐下降的后期,各组织的Vp_(AHPND)均快速下降,肠道、肝胰腺和肌肉中的Vp_(AHPND)水平趋于接近。对虾肝胰腺组织病理切片显示,同一时间有临床症状的病虾和濒死对虾相比,濒死对虾表现出更严重的AHPND病理特征,且二者的组织病理特征均随着感染时间的延长变得更为严重,但检测到的Vp_(AHPND)数量呈下降趋势。研究表明,在Vp_(AHPND)感染过程中,组织中的pirA~(Vp)基因数量不能代表对虾的发病程度,发病程度及组织病理严重的AHPND样品中Vp_(AHPND)的数量不一定处于高水平状态。 相似文献
5.
《渔业科学进展》2016,(2)
急性肝胰腺坏死病(Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease,AHPND)是由副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)引起的对虾病害,本研究从患AHPND的凡纳滨对虾样品中分离得到5株副溶血弧菌,采用致AHPND的副溶血弧菌(VPAHPND)的相关质粒的引物AP2进行PCR检测,表明这5株菌中均存在AHPND相关质粒。利用丝裂霉素C进行溶源性噬菌体筛选和噬菌体诱导发现,其中2株副溶血弧菌(20130629002S01和20130726001S01)可能存在溶源性噬菌体感染;从经0.5μg/ml丝裂霉素C诱导的20130629002S01和20130726001S01中分别分离得到两种噬菌体phage1和phage2。透射电镜观测显示,phage1为有尾噬菌体,phage2为球形噬菌体。将上述5株副溶血弧菌进行卤虫无节幼体人工感染实验,结果显示,它们对卤虫无节幼体均有致病力,且各分离株的毒力表现出显著性差异;20130629002S01和20130726001S01两株带有溶源性噬菌体的副溶血弧菌的致病力显著低于无噬菌体的副溶血弧菌(20130721001S02)。本研究结果表明,5株VPAHPND分离株都含有AHPND相关的质粒,表现出显著的毒力差异,可能携带不同的溶源噬菌体,也可能不携带溶源噬菌体,溶源噬菌体与副溶血弧菌各分离株的毒力并无必然相关性。 相似文献
6.
急性肝胰腺坏死病(Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease,AHPND)是由副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)引起的对虾病害,本研究从患AHPND的凡纳滨对虾样品中分离得到5株副溶血弧菌,采用致AHPND的副溶血弧菌(VPAHPND)的相关质粒的引物AP2进行PCR检测,表明这5株菌中均存在AHPND相关质粒.利用丝裂霉素C进行溶源性噬菌体筛选和噬菌体诱导发现,其中2株副溶血弧菌(20130629002S01和20130726001S01)可能存在溶源性噬菌体感染;从经0.5 μg/ml丝裂霉素C诱导的20130629002S01和20130726001S01中分别分离得到两种噬菌体phage1和phage2.透射电镜观测显示,phage1为有尾噬菌体,phage2为球形噬菌体.将上述5株副溶血弧菌进行卤虫无节幼体人工感染实验,结果显示,它们对卤虫无节幼体均有致病力,且各分离株的毒力表现出显著性差异;20130629002S01和20130726001S01两株带有溶源性噬菌体的副溶血弧菌的致病力显著低于无噬菌体的副溶血弧菌(20130721001S02).本研究结果表明,5株VPAHPND分离株都含有AHPND相关的质粒,表现出显著的毒力差异,可能携带不同的溶源噬菌体,也可能不携带溶源噬菌体,溶源噬菌体与副溶血弧菌各分离株的毒力并无必然相关性. 相似文献
7.
对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病(Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, AHPND)是由致AHPND副溶血弧菌(AHPND-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus, VpAHPND)携带的pVA1-like质粒所表达的PirAVp和PirBVp毒力蛋白对对虾肝胰腺的急性毒性所致。本研究用2.19×105 CFU/ml VpAHPND分离株20130629002S01对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)进行浸泡感染,于感染后2~9 d采集对虾的肝胰腺、鳃、肠道、肌肉组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测各组织中的pirAVp拷贝数。结果显示,感染后凡纳滨对虾各组织均能检测到pirAVp,其中,肝胰腺在感染后第4天达到峰值, 为8.71×104 copies/mg,而鳃、肌肉、肠道分别在第3、4、5天达到峰值,分别为9.08×103、2.59×104、5.76×104 copies/mg。早期感染鳃组织中先出现VpAHPND的富集,在高死亡发生期,VpAHPND数量在肝胰腺和肠道出现高峰,在死亡数量逐渐下降的后期,各组织的VpAHPND均快速下降,肠道、肝胰腺和肌肉中的VpAHPND水平趋于接近。对虾肝胰腺组织病理切片显示,同一时间有临床症状的病虾和濒死对虾相比,濒死对虾表现出更严重的AHPND病理特征,且二者的组织病理特征均随着感染时间的延长变得更为严重,但检测到的VpAHPND数量呈下降趋势。研究表明,在VpAHPND感染过程中,组织中的pirAVp基因数量不能代表对虾的发病程度,发病程度及组织病理严重的AHPND样品中VpAHPND的数量不一定处于高水平状态。 相似文献
8.
2株副溶血弧菌不同盐度下致病性和毒力基因差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是常见的食源性致病菌和海水养殖动物致病菌,目前已知的毒力基因有tlh、tdh、trh、T3SS、pirA、pirB、toxR/S、orf8等。盐度是影响细菌基因表达的关键生态因子之一,为进一步探求副溶血弧菌的致病机理,对2株分别分离自海水和淡水养殖发病凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)中的副溶血弧菌在不同盐度下的生长速率、致病性进行检测,并用q-PCR方法对菌株毒力基因携带和表达情况进行定量研究。实验结果表明:海水菌株383生长速率快于淡水菌株V9,但菌株383在生长稳定期的细菌浓度明显低于菌株V9;菌株383对凡纳滨对虾的致病性明显高于菌株V9,前者的48 h半致死浓度(LD_(50))低于后者2个数量级;2株副溶血弧菌皆携带毒力基因tlh、T3SS1和pirA/B,但未检测到tdh、trh、T3SS2、toxR/S和orf8。部分毒力基因表达量检测结果显示,菌株383和菌株V9均为vcrD1表达量最高,其次是pirA,vopD1表达量最低;4个毒力基因不仅在2菌株间的表达量差别较大,而且盐度对同一菌株不同毒力基因表达的影响也是不同的。2株副溶血弧菌的毒力与pirA和vcrD1的表达量呈正相关性。研究结果为探究环境因素与副溶血弧菌致病力的关系提供了科学依据,同时也提示,淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾要防范副溶血弧菌输入的风险。 相似文献
9.
急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)是对虾养殖过程中最常见、最严重的疾病,给对虾养殖造成重大经济损失。AHPND病原种类多、基因型复杂,现有的针对不同病原的检测技术目标导向较弱、检测成本高、时间消耗长,对虾健康养殖亟待开发AHPND的精准快速诊断技术。本研究针对AHPND病原体携带编码一种二元毒素pirA和pirB大型质粒的遗传共性,基于pirA和pirB基因设计特异性引物并建立微流控荧光定量PCR检测方法。该方法对致病基因pirA和pirB特异性强、灵敏度高,最低检测限分别为5.43×100和4.31×101 copies/μL,样品平均检测时间为26min左右。为进一步评估该方法在实际应用中的准确性,以含有pirA和pirB毒性质粒的副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)进行人工感染实验。结果表明,感染后的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)鳃丝、肝胰腺、肠道和肌肉等组织随时间的推迟均能检测到pirA和pirB;从感染2h的结果来看,pirB比pirA检出率更高。此外,致病因子pirA和pirB比toxR... 相似文献
10.
为探讨特异性卵黄抗体抗致急性肝胰腺坏死病副溶血弧菌 (Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, VpAHPND) 感染的效果及其机制,防控对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病 (Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, AHPND),本研究以添加不同剂量VpAHPND卵黄抗体制剂 (0、0.2%和0.5%) 的饲料投喂凡纳滨对虾幼虾,测定对虾的生长率和存活率、对虾肝胰腺免疫酶活力和免疫基因相对表达水平,通过浸浴感染实验测定免疫对虾抗VpAHPND感染的能力。生长实验结果显示,免疫28 d后,免疫组与未添加卵黄抗体制剂的对照组对虾在平均生长率、特定生长率和存活率方面均无显著性差异。免疫功能实验结果显示,免疫14 d后,与对照组相比,0.2%免疫组对虾肝胰腺的酚氧化酶 (PO)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、溶菌酶 (LZM) 活力显著升高,抗菌肽 (Crustin) 基因的相对表达水平也显著升高,而β-1,3-葡聚糖结合蛋白-脂蛋白 (β-GBP-HDL) 基因的相对表达水平则显著降低。浸浴感染实验结果显示,0.2%免疫组对虾的存活率显著高于对照组;0.2% VpAHPND卵黄抗体制剂对凡纳滨对虾的相对免疫保护率为63.77%。研究表明,口服卵黄抗体不会对凡纳滨对虾的生长和存活产生不良影响,0.2%的VpAHPND卵黄抗体制剂通过提升凡纳滨对虾的PO、SOD、LZM活力和Crustin基因表达水平,增强凡纳滨对虾的免疫功能,从而提高对虾抗VpAHPND感染的能力,具有很强的应用潜力。本研究为使用特异性卵黄抗体防控AHPND提供了依据,也为其作用机制研究提供了参考。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
13.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
14.
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
19.
Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response. 相似文献
20.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献