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1.
Soil organic matter(SOM) plays an important role in maintaining vegetation cover and thus mitigating land erosion of fragile terrestrial ecosystems such as in the Northern Ordos Plateau of China(NOPC).However,little information is available on whether and how SOM varies spatially as an intrinsic characteristic of landform in NOPC.The objective of this study was to examine the spatial associations of SOM with landform and vegetation cover.The study was conducted in a 23,000-km2 area within NOPC because this area has landforms of mobile dunes(MD),flat dunes(FD),grassy sandy land(GSL),flat sandy bedrocks(FSB),and swamps and salt lakes(SW),which are typical landforms in semiarid ecosystems.SOM was determined using a standard laboratory analysis method for 5 cm topsoil samples collected at 72 locations across the study area.In addition,the 250 m Multitemporal Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) imageries taken in the period from August 2006 to August 2010 were used to extract Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) which in turn was used as the surrogate of vegetation cover.Classic and geostatistical methods were used to compare SOM concentration across different landforms.The results indicated that an area with a greater value for NDVI(i.e.better vegetation cover) tended to have a higher SOM concentration regardless of the landform types.However,the association between SOM and NDVI varied from one landform to another.The SW and GSL had a highest SOM concentration,while MD had a lowest concentration.For the study area as a whole and the FD,GSL,and MD,SOM was found to be the sole function of NDVI,whereas,for the FSB,SOM was influenced by several intrinsic variables,namely ground surface altitude,slope,and aspect,as well as NDVI.SOM for the SW landform was found to be a function of NDVI.Furthermore,SOM and NDVI exhibited a consistent spatial pattern of increasing from north to south and from west to east.The highest SOM concentration of 3.5% occurred along an east-westward belt,which is adjacent to water pathways,in the mid part of the study area.  相似文献   

2.
Vegetation fractional coverage(VFC) is an important index to describe and evaluate the ecological system.The vegetation index is widely used to monitor vegetation coverage in the field of remote sensing(RS).In this paper,the author conducted a case study of the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers,which is a typical saline area in the Tarim River Watershed.The current study was based on the TM/ETM+ images of 1989,2001,and 2006,and supported by Geographic Information System(GIS) spatial analysis,vegetation index,and dimidiate pixel model.In addition,VBSI(vegetation,bare soil and shadow indices) suitable for TM/ETM+ images,constructed with FCD(forest canopy density) model principle and put forward by ITTO(International Tropical Timber Organization),was used,and it was applied to estimate the VFC.The estimation accuracy was later proven to be up to 83.52%.Further,the study analyzed and appraised the changes in vegetation patterns and revealed a pattern of spatial change in the vegetation coverage of the study area by producing the map of VFC levels in the delta oasis.Forest,grassland,and farmland were the three main land-use types with high and extremely-high coverage,and they played an important role in maintaining the vegetation.The forest area determined the changes of the coverage area,whereas the other two land types affected the directions of change.Therefore,planting trees,protecting grasslands,reclaiming farmlands,and controlling unused lands should be included in a long-term program because of their importance in keeping regional vegetation coverage.Finally,the dynamic variation of VFC in the study area was evaluated according to the quantity and spatial distribution rendered by plant cover digital images to deeply analyze the reason behind the variation.  相似文献   

3.
In recent years, the streamflow of the Laohahe Basin in China showed a dramatic decrease during the rainy season as a result of climate change and/or human activities. The objective of this work was to document significant streamflow changes caused by land use and land cover （LULC） changes and to quantify the impacts of the observed changes in Laohahe Basin. in the study area, the observed streamflow has been influenced by LULC changes, dams, and irrigation from rivers, industry, livestock and human consumption. Most importantly, the growth of population and gross domestic product （GDP） accompanied by the growth in industrial and agricultural activities, which led to LULC changes with increased residential land and cropland and decreased grassland since 2000s. Statistical methods and Variable Infiltration Capacity （VIC） hydrological model were used to estimate the effects of climate change and LULC changes on streamflow and evaportranspiration lET）. First, the streamflow data of the study area were divided into three sub-periods according to the Pettitt test. The hydrological process was then simulated by VIC model from 1964 to 2009. Furthermore, we compared the simulated results based on land use scenarios in 1989, 1999 and 2007, respectively for exploring the effect of LULC changes on the spatio-temporal distribution of streamflow and ET in the Laohahe Basin. The results suggest that, accompanied with climate change, the LULC changes and human water consumption appeared to be the most likely factors contributing to the sig- nificant reduction in streamflow in the Laohahe Basin by 64% from1999 to 2009.  相似文献   

4.
The causes of land degradation in the African drylands have been shown to vary. Some researchers consider climate to be the major contributor to degradation, with anthropogenic factors playing a minor role. Others reverse the significance of these two factors. A third group attributes land degradation to climate and anthropogenic factors equally. This study was undertaken to establish the factors influencing land degradation in a semi-arid environment in southeastern Kenya and the rate of change in vegetation types for a period of 35 years(1973–2007). The reduction in grassland cover was used as an indicator of land degradation. Causes of land degradation were determined by a multiple regression analysis. A log-linear regression analysis was used to establish the rate of vegetation change. The multiple and log-linear regression analyses showed:(1) woody vegetation, livestock population and cultivated area to be the main contributors of reduction in grassland cover in the area, and (2) an increase in undesirable woody species, livestock population and cultivated area had a significant(P0.05) negative effect on grassland vegetation. Increased human population, low amounts of rainfall and drought showed no significant negative effect on grassland vegetation cover. In conclusion, human and livestock population growth and increased agricultural land have contributed to intensive crop cultivation and overgrazing in the semi-arid lands. This overuse of the semi-arid rangelands has worsened the deterioration of the natural grassland vegetation.  相似文献   

5.
Land use and cover change(LUCC) is the most direct manifestation of the interaction between anthropological activities and the natural environment on Earth’s surface, with significant impacts on the environment and social economy. Rapid economic development and climate change have resulted in significant changes in land use and cover. The Shiyang River Basin, located in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor in China, has undergone significant climate change and LUCC over the past few decades. In...  相似文献   

6.
Studies of wind erosion based on Geographic Information System(GIS) and Remote Sensing(RS) have not attracted sufficient attention because they are limited by natural and scientific factors.Few studies have been conducted to estimate the intensity of large-scale wind erosion in Inner Mongolia,China.In the present study,a new model based on five factors including the number of snow cover days,soil erodibility,aridity,vegetation index and wind field intensity was developed to quantitatively estimate the amount of wind erosion.The results showed that wind erosion widely existed in Inner Mongolia.It covers an area of approximately 90×104 km2,accounting for 80% of the study region.During 1985–2011,wind erosion has aggravated over the entire region of Inner Mongolia,which was indicated by enlarged zones of erosion at severe,intensive and mild levels.In Inner Mongolia,a distinct spatial differentiation of wind erosion intensity was noted.The distribution of change intensity exhibited a downward trend that decreased from severe increase in the southwest to mild decrease in the northeast of the region.Zones occupied by barren land or sparse vegetation showed the most severe erosion,followed by land occupied by open shrubbery.Grasslands would have the most dramatic potential for changes in the future because these areas showed the largest fluctuation range of change intensity.In addition,a significantly negative relation was noted between change intensity and land slope.The relation between soil type and change intensity differed with the content of Ca CO3 and the surface composition of sandy,loamy and clayey soils with particle sizes of 0–1 cm.The results have certain significance for understanding the mechanism and change process of wind erosion that has occurred during the study period.Therefore,the present study can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of wind erosion in Inner Mongolia.  相似文献   

7.
As an important natural resource,forest land plays a key role in the maintenance of ecological security.However,variations of forest land in the agropastoral ecotone of northern China(AENC)have attracted little attention.Taking the AENC as an example and based on remote-sensing images from 2000,2010 to 2020,we explored the spatiotemporal variation of forest land and its driving factors using the land-use transfer matrix,spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial error model.The results showed that from 2000 to 2020,the total area of forest land in the AENC increased from 75,547.52 to 77,359.96 km2 and the changes were dominated by the transformations among forest land,grassland and cropland,which occurred mainly in areas with the elevation of 500-2000 m and slope of 15°-25°.There was obvious spatial agglomeration of forest land in the AENC from 2000 to 2020,with hot spots of forest land gathered in the southern marginal areas of the Yanshan Mountains and the low mountainous and hilly areas of the Loess Plateau.The sub-hot spots around hot spots moved southward,the sub-cold spots spread to the surrounding areas and the cold spots disappeared.The spatiotemporal variation of forest land resulted from the interactions of natural environment,socioeconomic and policy factors from 2000 to 2020.The variables of average annual precipitation,slope,terrain relief,ecological conversion program and afforestation policy for barren mountains affected the spatial pattern of forest land positively,while those of annual average temperature,slope and road network density influenced it negatively.  相似文献   

8.
Land use change (LUC) in trans-boundary watersheds is of great importance to environmental assessment. The Aksu River is the largest trans-boundary river crossing Kyrgyzstan and China,but there was little information on the LUC of the watershed. We quantitatively investigated the processes and trends of its LUC by using analytic models based on the land use data derived from the remote sensing images and topographic maps. The LUC was in the quasi-balanced status with a slight difference between the loss and the gain of the area for most land use types during the period of 1960-1990,whereas transferred to the unbalanced status with significant difference between the loss and gain of the area during the period of 1990-2008. At the same time,land conversion direction changed from two-way transition to one-way transition for the most land use types. The integrated rate of net change of land use during the period of 1990-2008 is 2.1 times of that during the period of 1960-1990. Information on the processes and trends of LUC is valuable for better understanding the environmental changes across the whole trans-boundary watershed,and helpful to decision-making management for Kyrgyzstan and China.  相似文献   

9.
Soil carbon pools could become a CO_2 source or sink, depending on the directions of land use/cover changes. A slight change of soil carbon will inevitably affect the atmospheric CO_2 concentration and consequently the climate. Based on the data from 127 soil sample sites, 48 vegetation survey plots, and Landsat TM images, we analyzed the land use/cover changes, estimated soil organic carbon(SOC) storage and vegetation carbon storage of grassland, and discussed the impact of grassland changes on carbon storage during 2000 to 2013 in the Ili River Valley of Northwest China. The results indicate that the areal extents of forestland, shrubland, moderate-coverage grassland(MCG), and the waterbody(including glaciers) decreased while the areal extents of high-coverage grassland(HCG),low-coverage grassland(LCG), residential and industrial land, and cultivated land increased. The grassland SOC density in 0–100 cm depth varied with the coverage in a descending order of HCGMCGLCG.The regional grassland SOC storage in the depth of 0–100 cm in 2013 increased by 0.25×1011 kg compared with that in 2000. The regional vegetation carbon storage(S_(rvc)) of grassland was 5.27×10~9 kg in2013 and decreased by 15.7% compared to that in 2000. The vegetation carbon reserves of the under-ground parts of vegetation(S_(ruvb)) in 2013 was 0.68×10~9 kg and increased by approximately 19.01%compared to that in 2000. This research can improve our understanding about the impact of land use/cover changes on the carbon storage in arid areas of Northwest China.  相似文献   

10.
Manas River,the largest inland river to the north of the Tianshan Mountains,provides important water resources for human production and living.The seasonal snow cover and snowmelt play essential roles in the regulation of spring runoff in the Manas River Basin(MRB).Snow cover is one of the most significant input parameters for obtaining accurate simulations and predictions of spring runoff.Therefore,it is especially important to extract snow-covered area correctly in the MRB.In this study,we qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the uncertainties of snow cover extraction caused by the terrain factors and land cover types using TM and DEM data,along with the Per(the ratio of the difference between snow-covered area extracted by the Normalized Difference Snow Index(NDSI) method and visual interpretation method to the actual snow-covered area) and roughness.The results indicated that the difference of snow-covered area extracted by the two methods was primarily reflected in the snow boundary and shadowy areas.The value of Per varied significantly in different elevation zones.That is,the value generally presented a normal distribution with the increase of elevation.The peak value of Per occurred in the elevation zone of 3,700–4,200 m.Aspects caused the uncertainties of snow cover extraction with the order of sunny slopesemi-shady and semi-sunny slopeshady slope,due to the differences in solar radiation received by each aspect.Regarding the influences of various land cover types on snow cover extraction in the study area,bare rock was more influential on snow cover extraction than grassland.Moreover,shrub had the weakest impact on snow cover extraction.  相似文献   

11.
以1986、1993及2000年3期Landsat TM遥感影像为基础数据,应用遥感技术与地理信息系统相结合的方法,分析了陕北农牧交错带1986～2000年土地利用的数量变化和空间变化特征.结果显示,该区近15 a来耕地面积减少,城乡用地逐年扩大,林、草地明显增加;但土地荒漠化的趋势还在加剧.  相似文献   

12.
以位于水蚀风蚀复合区的陕西省横山县为例,通过分析土地覆被类型在TM影像上的光谱特征,选择不同的特征参数,逐层提取有关信息:首先用TM5/TM3提取水体,然后用NDVI分离植被和非植被;在非植被区,用NDBI和NDVI相结合提取城镇用地,再用TM5将沙地和荒草地分离;在植被区,首先根据NDVI分为三大类:草地、旱地和灌木林、水浇地和有林地,然后利用TM4区分旱地和灌木林,用TM5-TM4的差值把水浇地和有林地分离。精度评价结果表明,分类总精度为86.8%,Kappa系数为0.8506,达到分类要求标准。  相似文献   

13.
以甘肃省为试验区,基于单时相MODIS数据,主要利用其可见光多波段光谱信息,分别使用最大似然法、BP神经网络算法以及基于See 5.0数据挖掘的决策树分类方法对土地覆盖进行了自动分类研究,结果验证表明:决策树分类性能最优,总分类精度达到82.13%,神经网络算法次之,总分类精度为77.60%,最大似然法最差,总分类精度为73.93%;加入boosting技术的See 5.0数据挖掘决策树方法能够快速地进行决策树的建立且能很好地提高较难识别地物类型的分类精度。  相似文献   

14.
土地利用/覆被变化模型研究面临的几个问题   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  
文中主要针对模型研究的土地利用/覆被变化类型、模型分析的尺度与层次、建模的理论框架和模型的精度检验这4个方面,对当前土地利用/覆被变化模型研究所面临的问题进行了深入探讨和分析。结果表明:1)土地利用/覆被变化包括转换和渐变两种主要类型,而且通常的土地利用/覆被变化大多属于渐变类型,但是目前的模型多是研究土地利用/覆被变化的转换过程,而对渐变过程的研究相对较少,因而应该加强对土地利用/覆被变化渐变过程的模拟与分析。2)土地利用/覆被变化是一个多尺度过程,模型研究应该探索包括经济学中的均衡分析和统计学中的多层次分析在内的多种建模方法,而不是局限于某一种方法,以便更加深入地认识不同尺度或层次之间的相互作用及反馈关系。3)土地利用/覆被变化具有很强的复杂性,应该对复杂的土地利用/覆被变化过程进行分解和集成,多视角地探索建模的理论框架。4)精度检验是模型研究的重要组成部分,应该构建多时间尺度与多空间尺度的土地利用/覆被变化模型,探讨在多个时间尺度和多个空间尺度上进行精度检验及不确定性分析的方法与技术。  相似文献   

15.
基于项目驱动的藉河流域土地利用时空变化动态分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
根据1997年、2001年和2005年三期TM影像资料,运用遥感非监督分类的方法提取土地利用信息.利用地理信息系统空间分析和数据统计的方法,分析藉河流域1997～2005年间土地利用数量变化和空间变化特征,研究该地区主要土地利用类型数量变化、空间变化以及在不同坡度的动态变化特征.结果表明:耕地、林地和草地三种主要土地利用类型占该研究区土地利用面积的97%以上,是该研究区主要的土地利用类型.以1997年为基数,到2001年和2005年耕地减少幅度分别为1.2%和11.1%,因此 1997～2001年的退耕程度小于2001～2005年;在不同坡度上,土地利用变化主要发生在5°～40°,而且在15°～25°之间变化最大.  相似文献   

16.
作物识别是提取作物种植结构的基础,利用遥感技术对作物进行监测识别,对优化生产布局、调整农业生产模式有着重要意义。文中选取河套灌区杭锦后旗为研究区域,基于2019年覆盖生长周期的Sentinel-2号卫星影像数据,构建NDVI时间序列数据集,利用Savitzky-Golay(S-G)滤波对NDVI时间序列数据集进行平滑,分析不同作物不同发育期的光谱曲线特征,计算各主要作物识别关键期的光谱阈值,构建基于决策树分层分类的农作物种植面积提取模型,并用验证样本对分类结果进行精度验证。结果表明:利用整个生育期内的NDVI最大合成影像确定植被地表覆盖,NDVI曲线变化区别林地与耕地,逐层提取地物,简便易行;采用S-G滤波重构高质量的NDVI时间序列曲线,研究证明重构后曲线更加平滑符合作物生长趋势;基于Sentinel-2号遥感数据和整个生育期NDVI时序数据,构建分层分类决策树模型,作物分类总体精度达92.1%,Kapppa系数精度达0.857。本研究采用的方法满足遥感观测应用化需求,也为县级区域农作物分类提供重要参考价值。  相似文献   

17.
基于甘肃省2001-2007年分县区城镇工矿用地变化指数和二三产业变化指数测算其二者的耦合度,并根据两种指数的变化方向及大小确定了甘肃省各县区的耦合类型。借助Arcgis平台对各县区耦合度进行分级,并借助重心曲线理论将分级结果进行优化合并。结果表明:1)研究期内甘肃省各县区城镇工矿用地规模变化幅度与二三产业的变化幅度基本吻合,二者均呈现出正向变化;2)甘肃省大部分县区城镇工矿用地与二三产业的耦合度较低,经济发展有赖于城镇工矿用地,但从其变化趋势来看,趋于相对集约和节约的方向发展;3)随着耦合度级别的升高,不同级别的耦合程度差距越来越大,而且随着耦合级别的升高,相应县区的数量不断减少;4)基于重心曲线将耦合度级别图系进行优化合并之后,有效的降低了分级图系的破碎度,将甘肃省城镇工矿用地与二三产业耦合度分为四个区域,甘肃省74%的县区处于较低耦合度区域,表明土地利用粗放,二三产业的发展很大程度上依赖于城镇工矿用地规模的扩大。  相似文献   

18.
LUO Jing 《干旱区科学》2022,14(4):411-425
Land use/land cover (LULC) is an important part of exploring the interaction between natural environment and human activities and achieving regional sustainable development. Based on the data of LULC types (cropland, forest land, grassland, built-up land, and unused land) from 1990 to 2015, we analysed the intensity and driving factors of land use/cover change (LUCC) in the Yarlung Zangbo River, Nyang Qu River, and Lhasa River (YNL) region, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, using intensity analysis method, cross-linking table method, and spatial econometric model. The results showed that LUCC in the YNL region was nonstationary from 1990 to 2015, showing a change pattern with "fast-slow-fast" and "U-shaped". Built-up land showed a steady increase pattern, while cropland showed a steady decrease pattern. The gain of built-up land mainly came from the loss of cropland. The transition pattern of LUCC in the YNL region was relatively single and stable during 1990-2015. The transition pattern from cropland and forest land to built-up land was a systematic change process of tendency and the transition pattern from grassland and unused land to cropland was a systematic change process of avoidance. The transition process of LUCC was the result of the combined effect of natural environment and social economic development in the YNL region. This study reveals the impact of ecological environment problems caused by human activities on the land resource system and provides scientific support for the study of ecological environment change and sustainable development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.  相似文献   

19.
土地利用/覆被变化通过改变土地生态系统的结构和功能,影响地区生态系统的安全与健康程度。基于甘州区2001-2008年的土地利用变更数据,建立土地利用生态风险评价指标,结合马尔可夫概率转移矩阵,对该区域土地利用变化的生态效益风险及其社会影响进行综合评价。同时,借助GIS技术与相关统计分析方法,对甘州区2008年土地利用/覆被现状存在的生态风险进行空间量化分析。研究表明：① 2008年,甘州区土地利用/覆被存在的生态风险集中在耕地和未利用地,两者的比例占全区总面积的87.32%;② 甘州区土地利用类型研究期内发生了复杂的相互转换,地类交错地带生态风险尤为显著;③ 土地利用程度指数的上升,反映出土地利用的广度、深度不断增加,土地利用处于发展期;④ 甘州区2008年较2001年的土地综合风险指数有所上升,人类活动的影响在一定程度上增加了区域潜在的生态风险。  相似文献   

20.
以吉林省西部乾安县为例,基于Landsat TM和ETM+影像,分析该区1989年和2001年2期土地利用/覆被变化对区域蒸散发的影响。结果表明:从1989-2001年,乾安县土地利用/变化显著。草地→耕地、草地与不同程度盐碱地、不同程度盐碱地内部的转换为主要土地利用变化类型。12年来,不同土地利用类型的平均日蒸散量格局基本一致,表现为:水体>湿地/耕地>林地>草地/轻度盐碱地>居民用地>中度盐碱地>重度盐碱地。其中,59.6%的地表蒸散强度变化区的土地利用/覆被发生变化。草地→耕地、草地→不同程度盐碱地、不同程度盐碱地→草地的蒸散强度变化以基本不变、减少、增加为主;由轻度盐碱地向重度盐碱地逐渐转变时,蒸散强度降低,反之增加。由于草地的植被覆盖度减少,其蒸散强度降低,而林地、居民用地、轻度盐碱地的植被覆盖度增加,蒸散强度以增加为主。  相似文献   

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