共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 859 毫秒
1.
为了提高华北地区土壤有机质含量,改善有机质品质,提高土壤肥力,开展了9种春油菜翻压对土壤有机质及其氧化稳定性影响的研究。结果表明:春油菜生物量以中油肥1901最高,植株含碳量中油肥1904最高（69.51%）,中油肥1901次之（65.06%）,春油菜总碳输入量以中油肥1901最高(4 662.25 kg·hm-2);春油菜翻压均可显著（P<0.05）提高土壤有机质、腐殖质及易氧化有机质的含量,降低Kos值,以中油肥1901和中油肥1907增加土壤有机质最多,均比翻压春油菜前增加7.24 g·kg-1,腐殖质含量和易氧化有机质也是中油肥1901增加最大,较春油菜翻压前分别增加了11.24 g·kg-1和16.55 g·kg-1,显著高于其他品种,春油菜品种翻压后土壤有机质Kos值均显著低于对照,下降较多的是中油肥1901、中油肥1906和中油肥1907,显著低于其他品种;土壤有机质、腐殖质和易氧化有机质与春油菜生物量和春油菜总碳输入量之间呈极显著正相关,土壤有机质、腐殖质和易氧化有机质间相关性... 相似文献
2.
人工防护林对风沙土有机碳动力学的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取塔里木沙漠公路沿线定植年限为5、7、10、13、16 a的防护林,运用物理化学提取法及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,研究人工防护林对风沙土发育过程中土壤有机碳动力学的影响。结果表明:(1)随定植年限增加,土壤碳储量变化不大;(2)土壤有机碳在0~50 cm随深度增加而降低,50 cm以下变化不大;(3)随防护林定植年限的增加,表层土壤(0~10 cm)中总有机碳(TOC)、微团聚体有机碳(OCMIA)、腐殖质有机碳(OCHS)、抗氧化性(OCNa Cl O)和抗酸解性有机碳(OCHCl)均有所升高,其中TOC、OCMIA、OCHS逐年增加,而OCNa Cl O和OCHCl在5~7 a时增加较快,以后趋于稳定,且各碳组分(OCHCl除外)在不同定植年限防护林风沙土间的差异极显著(P0.01),OCHCl差异显著(0.01P0.05);(4)所有碳组分极显著相关,其中OCMIA、OCHS与TOC的相关性比OCHCl、OCNa Cl O高;(5)惰性碳库中OCMIA和OCNa Cl O占总有机碳的比例较高,OCHS相对含量随定植年限增加而升高;(6)腐殖质结构中C=O相对含量(C=O/C-O-C)先降低后升高,脂族链聚亚甲基碳含量占末端甲基碳的比例(CH2/CH3)7 a时最高,后3个年限变化不大。因此,人工防护林引起了土壤有机碳累积,特别是惰性碳库在表层累积,腐殖化程度增加,提高了土壤固碳能力并促进了风沙土的发育。 相似文献
3.
以长期采用有机污染型水灌溉的陕西交口灌区的农田土壤作为研究对象,并以气候条件、土壤条件以及耕作制度基本一致,长期采用未污染的地下水灌溉的农田土壤作为对照,分别测定土壤剖面上总有机碳含量、有机碳组成等指标,结合第二次全国土壤普查资料,分析长期采用有机污染水灌溉对土壤有机碳累积速率及有机碳密度的影响,探讨关中土壤"环境碳容量"水平及提升土壤有机碳潜力的途径。结果表明:长期采用有机污染水灌溉,土壤有机碳主要在耕层(0~20 cm)极显著地增加,且增加部分主要是活性有机碳组分,其累积速率是对照灌区的近3倍,非活性有机碳处于相对平衡状态。土壤有机碳的剖面分布发生了明显的分化现象,活性有机碳的变化比总有机碳的变化更为显著。有机污染水灌溉的土壤有机碳密度显著高于对照土壤,尤其在0~40 cm范围内其差异达极显著水平。结果证实渭河水中富含的有机污染物提升了灌溉农田土壤有机碳贮量,关中地区农田土壤环境碳容量仍未达到饱和水平,通过外源有机碳的输入,仍然有增加土壤有机碳含量的可能。 相似文献
4.
Plant root exudates contain various organic and inorganic components that include glucose, citric and oxalic acid. These components affect rhizosphere microbial and microfaunal activities, but the mechanisms are not fully known. Studies concerned from degraded grassland ecosystems with low soil carbon（C） contents are rare, in spite of the global distribution of grasslands in need of restoration. All these have a high potential for carbon sequestration, with a reduced carbon content due to overutilization. An exudate component that rapidly decomposes will increase soil respiration and CO2 emission, while a component that reduces decomposition of native soil carbon can reduce CO2 emission and actually help sequestering carbon in soil. Therefore, to investigate root exudate effects on rhizosphere activity, citric acid, glucose and oxalic acid（0.6 g C/kg dry soil） were added to soils from three biotopes（grassland, fixed dune and mobile dune） located in Naiman, Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, China） and subjected to a 24-day incubation experiment together with a control. The soils were also analyzed for general soil properties. The results show that total respiration without exudate addition was highest in grassland soil, intermediate in fixed dune and lowest in mobile dune soil. However, the proportion of native soil carbon mineralized was highest in mobile dune soil, reflecting the low C/N ratio found there. The exudate effects on CO2-C emissions and other variables differed somewhat between biotopes, but total respiration（including that from the added substrates） was significantly increased in all combinations compared with the control, except for oxalic acid addition to mobile dune soil, which reduced CO2-C emissions from native soil carbon. A small but statistically significant increase in pH by the exudate additions in grassland and fixed dune soil was observed, but there was a major decrease from acid additions to mobile dune soil. In contrast, electrical conductivity decreased in grassland 相似文献
5.
为了解川西北高寒沙地红柳对土壤有机碳及腐殖质碳组分的影响,选取了沙地上修复24 a的红柳灌丛作为研究对象,通过野外调查并结合土壤样品采集和室内分析,研究了川西北沙地红柳灌丛根区(SR)、灌丛中部(SM)、灌丛边缘(SE)、灌丛外部(SO)的0~20,20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层土壤有机碳及腐殖质碳组分变化特征。结果表明:随着距灌丛植株水平距离的增加,土壤有机碳(SOC)、胡敏酸碳(HAC)、富里酸碳(FAC)和胡敏素碳(HMC)含量均呈现下降的特征;0~20 cm表层土壤,灌丛根区、灌丛中部和灌丛边缘土壤有机碳含量分别为灌丛外部的1.86倍、2.35倍和1.63倍,灌丛根区、灌丛中部和灌丛边缘土壤腐殖质碳含量分别为灌丛外部的1.96倍、0.68倍和1.22倍;在距灌丛植株水平距离相同条件下,随土层深度增加,土壤有机碳及腐殖质碳各组分含量呈降低趋势;在灌丛根区,20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层土壤有机碳相对于0~20 cm土层分别降低了32.31%和38.38%,20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层土壤腐殖质碳相对于0~20 cm土层分别降低了49.34%和53.40%。研究得出,红柳灌丛内外土壤有机碳及腐殖质碳组分存在空间异质性分布。 相似文献
6.
麦后复种绿肥对土壤有机碳及其固持特征的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
设置不同减施化肥+绿肥处理,分析麦后复种毛叶苕子对土壤有机碳、土壤团聚体有机碳含量、分布、富集系数及贡献率的影响。结果表明:土壤有机碳含量在小麦不同生育期存在差异,复种毛叶苕子后土壤有机碳含量显著增加,绿肥初花期土壤有机碳含量较绿肥播种前提高了11.3%;不同减施化肥+绿肥处理团聚体有机碳含量与团聚体粒级分布有差异,随着团聚体粒级的增大其含量呈升高趋势,5 mm粒级占比最大,其中F70+G处理团聚体有机碳含量最高,由小麦收获期的16.17 g·kg~(-1)增加到绿肥初花期的17.35 g·kg~(-1);所有土壤团聚体有机碳含量富集系数集中在0.83～1.58,随着粒级的减小呈增大趋势,在1～3 mm粒级中,除绿肥初花期F100处理,其他处理富集系数均大于1,处于优先积累状态。0.5 mm粒级的贡献率最大,占80%以上,且不同处理之间差异显著,而1～3 mm粒级贡献率最小。复种毛叶苕子后会使土壤有机碳含量、团聚体有机碳含量及富集系数增加,同时促进了团聚体有机碳的分布及固持。 相似文献
7.
Phytotoxic effect of Parthenium residues on the selected soil properties and growth of chickpea and radish 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Daizy R.Batish Harminder P.Singh Jasvir K.Pandher VandanaArora Ravinder K.Kohli 《Weed Biology and Management》2002,2(2):73-78
The present study investigates the effect of residues of noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus in soil as well as under laboratory conditions. Soils were infested with different amounts of Parthenium residues to determine the changes in soil chemistry, phenolic content and the phytotoxic effects on crops like chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) and radish ( Raphanus sativus ). The modified soils and unmodified (control) soil were analyzed for pH, conductivity, organic carbon, organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients such as sodium, iron, manganese and zinc. The pH of all the modified soils decreased whereas the conductivity, organic carbon and organic matter increased. Further, the amount of sodium and potassium increased, whereas that of zinc decreased. In the soil infested with 4 g of Parthenium residue, the amount of available nitrogen decreased. The presence of significantly high amounts of phenolics in all modified soils indicated their possible interactions with soil chemical properties. This was also indicated by the correlation analysis between phenolics and various soil properties. The growth studies carried out in the modified soils indicated their phytotoxic nature, as seedling growth of both chickpea and radish was significantly decreased compared with seedlings grown in unmodified soils. The extracts prepared from Parthenium residues were also found to be phytotoxic to both the test crops and were also rich in phenolics. The presence of phenolics in Parthenium residues and their interference with soil chemistry upon release may be responsible for a decrease in the growth of radish and chickpea. 相似文献
8.
Volatilization, mineralization, degradation and binding of soil-applied [14C]DDT were studied in three different soils from a tropical region of southern India subjected to solar irradiation and flooding for a period of 42 days. The soil types–red cotton soil, nursery soil and canal bank soil–differed in their organic carbon content, pH and texture. Under unflooded conditions, volatile losses were highest in the sandy canal bank soil. Flooding significantly enhanced volatilization, and this effect was maximal in the nursery soil, which had the highest organic carbon. The soils fully exposed to solar radiations in quartz tubes registered 1.5-1.8 times greater volatility. The volatilized organics contained appreciable quantities of DDE under both flooded and unflooded conditions. In addition, greater quantities of DDD volatilized from the flooded systems. The rate of formation of DDE was faster when soils were irradiated in quartz tubes. Mineralization remained minimal throughout the period of exposure and flooding the soil appeared to reduce further the [14C]carbon dioxide evolution. Canal bank soil exhibited the least mineralization and degradation. The data indicate that volatilization was significantly influenced by solar radiation and flooding to a much greater degree than by the differences in soil properties. Binding of DDT to soil was significantly increased by flooding the soil, thus leaving up to 33% of the initial DDT as bound residues in the nursery soil. 相似文献
9.
10.
长期施肥对绿洲农田土壤有机碳和无机碳的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以中国科学院阜康荒漠生态站的绿洲农田养分循环长期定位试验（始于1990年）为研究平台,研究了无施肥处理（CK）、单施化肥处理（NPK）、有机/无机配施处理（NPKM）和秸秆还田处理（NPKS）下,土壤无机碳(SIC)和有机碳(SOC)在剖面和各施肥年限的含量变化特征及其影响。结果表明：施肥、剖面层次和施肥年限对SOC与SIC含量变化影响显著(P<0.01)。在各施肥处理中,与CK相比,NPK、NPKM和NPKS的SOC与SIC含量明显增加(P<0.05）,并且有机/无机肥配施模式下的SIC含量显著高于单施化肥模式;在剖面层次间,SIC含量从0～20 cm 的9.12 g/kg 增加到40～60 cm 的9.94 g/kg,而SOC变化趋势与之相反。表明合理施肥能够增加土壤表层有机碳含量,有机/无机配施会使耕层以下土壤无机碳增加。 相似文献
11.
依托黄土塬区4 a绿肥填闲种植田间定位试验,开展不同填闲作物对土壤团聚体组成及各组分有机碳在团聚体中分布影响的研究,为阐明填闲种植措施下土壤有机碳库的物理保护机制提供依据。试验设置4个处理,即冬小麦夏闲期种植长武怀豆(SB)、苏丹草(SG)、怀豆/苏丹草混播(Mix)和裸地休闲(CK)。利用干筛法将全土筛分为>5 mm、2～5 mm、0.25～2 mm和<0.25 mm等4个粒级,分别测定土壤和各粒级团聚体中有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量,进而计算团聚体平均重量直径及有机碳贡献率。结果表明：绿肥种植对土壤团聚体分布有显著影响,各绿肥处理均有利于0～10 cm土层土壤团聚体的形成,但对亚表层土壤团聚结构影响较小。与CK相比,在0～40 cm各土层,SB、SG和Mix处理均显著提高土壤有机碳含量、颗粒有机碳含量及团聚体平均重量直径,提高幅度分别为7.9%、8.0%和7.9%,其中SB更有利于表层土壤有机碳的固存,且土壤有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量之间呈显著正相关关系,这两者与团聚体平均重量直径之间均呈显著负相关关系。不同处理下土壤团聚体各有机碳组分含量存在差异,与CK相比,SB和Mix均显著... 相似文献
12.
阿尔泰山西北部垂直带谱中的土壤有机氮素,同土壤腐殖质一样表现为非连续性的特征转化系列。在干旱气候带,土壤的全氮量随海拔升高到黑钙土增加至10倍。土壤中酸不溶态氮相对含量也持续增加,而氨基酸和氨基糖态氮含量下降。胡敏酸中酸不溶态氮和氨基酸态氮也表现出类似的变化趋势。冷一湿气候带中土壤胡敏酸的未鉴定态氮相对含量明显地多于干旱气候带,而干旱气候带中土壤胡敏酸的酸不溶态氮量显著地高于冷—湿气候带。土壤和其胡敏酸中氮素形态分布,与垂直带谱中土壤的腐殖质化过程紧密相关,随腐殖质化度的增加,酸不溶态氮相对含量提高,而氨基酸态氮和氨基糖态氮量下降。胡敏酸中氨基糖态氮含量甚微。 相似文献
13.
黄土高原不同土壤类型有机碳密度与储量特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤有机质的理化特性是黄土高原地区水土保持及生态修复的重要物质基础,充分了解黄土高原区不同土壤类型的有机碳密度与储量,对生态建设具有重要的实际意义。利用第二次全国土壤普查数据,对黄土高原不同土壤类型0～20 cm表层土体有机碳密度及储量进行估算,并分析两者的空间特征。结果表明：黄土高原区土壤有机碳密度加权平均值为2.00 kg·m-2,棕壤碳密度值最高,为15.56 kg·m-2,风沙土最低,仅为0.24 kg· m-2,空间上呈中间低四周高的分布格局。黄土高原地区总碳储量为1 239.85 Tg（1 Tg=1012 g）,灰褐土及黄绵土碳储量较高,两者占总体的46.86%,灰漠土、冻漠土、碱土较低,总量仅占0.17%,空间上呈由西北向东南递增的分布规律。黄绵土、风沙土在黄土高原区分布较广,但两者碳密度较低。因此,在今后的生态修复措施中,提高两者有机碳含量十分关键。 相似文献
14.
The effects of lenacil, terbacil, chlorthiamid and 2,4,5-T at 100 ppm on carbon dioxide evolution, oxygen uptake and nitrogen transformation in two soils have been investigated for several months in the laboratory. The herbicides had no effect on CO2 output from either Boddington Barn soil (organic carbon content 1.6%, pH 6.1) or Triangle soil (organic carbon content 3.7%, pH 4.8) apart from 2,4,5-T which reduced it sometimes. All the herbicides caused temporary reductions in O2. uptake, but in Triangle soil treated with 2,4,5-T a significant reduction was observed during the second half of the incubation. 2,4,5-T and to a lesser extent chlorthiamid, reduced nitrification in Triangle soil. All the herbicides slightly increased mineralization of nitrogen except 2,4,5-T which had variable effects in Triangle soil. 相似文献
15.
16.
外源铅在土壤中的年际变化及对土壤有机碳矿化和速效养分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以关中土为供试土样进行田间试验,向耕层土壤中添加不同浓度外源铅(Pb0:背景值,CK;Pb1:175 mg·kg~(-1)+背景值;Pb2:350 mg·kg~(-1)+背景值),进行小麦—玉米轮作试验。分别于2011—2013年小麦收获季采集耕层(0~20 cm)土壤,分析土壤中铅全量及有效态铅含量的年际变化,以及铅对小麦-玉米轮作模式下土壤有机碳(SOC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的影响。结果表明,三年中,施铅处理下土壤中铅全量及有效态铅含量分别下降13.22%和30.65%,总体呈现逐年下降趋势。与对照(CK)相比,Pb1、Pb2处理下SOC平均含量分别下降了16.30%和11.86%;DOC平均含量分别下降了4.05%和7.34%,与土壤铅含量呈现显著负相关关系;低浓度铅污染下土壤微生物商(q M)显著高于对照土壤,微生物量碳含量变化不显著。此外,土壤速效养分的分析显示,土壤碱解氮含量在外源铅加入初期下降明显,且在Pb1处理下碱解氮减少量最大;土壤速效磷含量随土壤铅含量增加而呈现下降趋势;土壤速效钾含量则随土壤铅含量的增加而增加。试验表明,外源铅的加入影响了土壤有机碳的稳定性,对土壤碳、氮循环产生了一定的影响;能够与土壤溶液中的磷酸根生成难溶性盐,与土壤胶体或土壤矿物晶格中的K+发生置换,加大土壤速效养分的流失风险。 相似文献
17.
干旱区荒漠新垦土地土壤有机碳含量特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以克拉玛依生态农业开发区为例,研究了干旱区荒漠新垦土地不同土地利用方式下的土壤有机碳与活性有机碳含量差异及其剖面分布特征,并讨论了干旱区荒漠开垦利用对荒漠"碳汇"功能的促进作用,以及土地利用方式对土壤有机碳与活性有机碳剖面分布特征的影响。结果表明:克拉玛依生态农业开发区土壤有机碳含量普遍较低。在0~20cm深度内,速生杨林地与苜蓿地土壤有机碳含量随土层加深而降低,棉花地、打瓜-棉花地耕作类土壤有机碳垂直分布相对较均匀,但是表层0~5cm土壤有机碳略低于下层,土壤活性有机碳剖面分布特征与有机碳类似。农田与林地的土壤有机碳与活性有机碳含量均明显高于荒漠,农田对土壤有机碳的汇聚作用优于人工林地。 相似文献
18.
干旱区盐渍化荒地不同开垦年限土壤碳氮储量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在天山北坡绿洲区分别选取连续开垦3 a、8 a、15 a盐渍化棉田和未开垦的盐渍化荒地,采集0~10、10~20、20~40、40~60、60~100 cm土层土壤样品,测定土壤有机碳、全氮含量。结果表明:盐荒地开垦后棉田0~100 cm土层土壤有机碳含量随开垦年限呈逐渐增加的趋势;开垦后棉田土壤全N含量随开垦年限的增加而增加,但处理间无显著差异;盐荒地与开垦棉田土壤有机碳、全N含量随土层深度增加而降低,其中盐荒地不同土层间土壤有机碳含量差异显著,0~40 cm土层土壤有机碳、全N含量明显高于40 cm以下土层;开垦棉田土壤C/N随开垦年限的增加呈现增加的趋势,盐荒地和开垦棉田土壤C/N随土壤深度的增加而降低,二者之间差异不显著;开垦棉田土壤有机碳储量随开垦年限的增加呈先减少后增加的趋势。结论:干旱区盐荒地开垦后,棉田土壤有机碳、全N含量均随开垦年限的增加而增加,而土壤有机碳储量随开垦年限的增加先减小后增加。盐荒地与开垦棉田土壤有机碳和全N含量随土层深度增加而减少。 相似文献
19.
土壤盐分对干旱区盐渍土壤碳垂直分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以新疆玛纳斯县盐渍土壤盐分和碳为研究对象,通过野外实地采样调查,分析干旱区盐渍土条件下的土壤盐分、有机碳、无机碳的垂直分布(0~300 cm)特征,探究土壤盐分对土壤碳垂直分布的影响。结果表明:土壤盐分含量随剖面深度增加呈"先增后降"的趋势,有机碳(SOC)含量随剖面深度增加呈下降趋势,无机碳(SIC)含量随剖面深度增加无明显变化规律。土壤剖面中,盐分与有机碳(SOC)含量及密度呈显著正相关(P0.05),在0~100cm土体中相关性最高(r=0.53);盐分与无机碳(SIC)含量及密度在整个土体中呈负相关关系,相关性不显著。 相似文献
20.
Bisheng WANG Lili GAO Weishui YU Xueqin WEI Jing LI Shengping LI Xiaojun SONG Guopeng LIANG Dianxiong CAI Xueping WU 《干旱区科学》2019,11(2):241-254
To ascertain the effects of long-term conservation tillage and residue retention on soil organic carbon(SOC) content and aggregate distribution in a deep soil(>20-cm depth) in a dryland environment,this paper analyzed the SOC and aggregate distribution in soil, and the aggregate-associated organic carbon(OC) and SOC physical fractions. Conservation tillage(reduced tillage with residue incorporated(RT) and no-tillage with residue mulch(NT)) significantly increased SOC sequestration and soil aggregation in deep soil compared with conventional tillage with residue removal(CT). Compared with CT, RT significantly increased the proportion of small macroaggregates by 23%–81% in the 10–80 cm layer, and the OC content in small macroaggregates by 1%–58% in the 0–80 cm layer. RT significantly increased(by 24%–90%) the OC content in mineral-SOC within small macroaggregates in the 0–60 cm layer, while there was a 23%–80% increase in the 0–40 cm layer with NT. These results indicated that:(1) conservation tillage treatments are beneficial for soil aggregation and SOC sequestration in a deep soil in a dryland environment; and(2)the SOC in mineral-associated OC plays important roles in soil aggregation and SOC sequestration. In conclusion, RT with NT is recommended as an agricultural management tool in dryland soils because of its role in improving soil aggregation and SOC sequestration. 相似文献