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1.
Ernest D. P. Whelan 《Euphytica》1979,28(2):297-308
Summary Interspecific substitutions of the nucleus of Helianthus annuus (2n=34) into the cytoplasm of H. petiolaris (2n=34) were obtained by successive backcrossing using cultivated sunflower, H. annuus, as the recurrent pollen parent.Meiosis in the F1 was characterized by multivalents, suggesting that 10 of the 34 chromosomes were heterozygous for chromosomal interchanges. An additional pair of chromosomes also contained a paracentric inversion. Continued backcrossing resulted in rapid elimination of the meiotic aberrations evident in the F1. In the BC1, 1 of 11 plants had normal meiosis and by the BC2, only 13 of 54 plants had meiotic aberrations similar to those of the F1. However, trisomic progeny (2n=35) were found in 3 of the 11 BC1 plants and 20 of the 54 BC2 plants. No meiotic aberrations were observed in BC3 or BC4 plants. Plants with indehiscent anthers, and considered to be male sterile (M.S.), first occurred in the BC1 and, by the BC2, 51 of 54 plants were M.S. All 19 BC3 and 16 BC4 plants were M.S. Preliminary investigations suggest that the pollen from such plants is sterile and that the sterility is cytoplasmic rather than genetic.Disc-flower measurements were a useful technique for selecting samples at the correct stage of microsporogenesis, but could not be used to distinguish between successive backcrosses. 相似文献
2.
The male sterile plants that segregated in a BC5F2 of `C. sericeus × C. cajan var. TT-5' population were maintained by sib mating. The male sterile plants were crossed with ICPL-85012.Approximately 50%
of the F1 plants were sterile. F2 plants derived from the fertile F1 plants did not segregate for male sterility. The reciprocal hybrid i.e. ICPL-85012 × Fertile derivatives from C. sericeus × TT-5, did not express male sterility. However, among the 12 F2 plant to row progenies, two segregated 25% male sterile plants and remaining 10 did not segregate. The segregation pattern
in subsequent progenies revealed that the sterility was under control of a single recessive allele. Studies on the backcross
and their BC1F2 and BC1F3progenies revealed another sterility gene which was found to be dominant in inheritance. This paper shows that what was thought
to be cytoplasmic male sterility from C. sericeus cytoplasm is actually a single dominant gene possibly acting in concert with a single recessive gene to mimic cytoplasmic
male sterility.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Summary A new cms source, ANN-5, was found in wild Helianthus annuus. This source showed high stability under different conditions in 1991 and 1992. All progenies from crosses of this source with several stable B-lines and restorer lines, which are homozygous for the gene which restores Leclercq's source of male sterility, were completely male sterile. Flower contained pistils and atrophied stamens. The cytological analysis showed that pollen mother cell degeneration took place in a premeiotic stage. 相似文献
4.
Characterization of transgenic male sterility in alfalfa 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Dependable male sterility would help to make hybrid cultivar development a reality in alfalfa once higher levels of heterosis
are attained. Alfalfa plants obtained by genetic transformation with a construct containing the Barnase gene under the control of a tobacco anther tapetum specific promoter were studied. Vacuolization and degeneration of the
tapetal cell cytoplasm at a premeiotic stage of development were observed in all five transformed plants (T0)examined, but the severity of the abnormalities varied greatly among pollen sacs of a genotype. During the meiotic stage,
some pollen sacs showed reduction in size, and the tapetum generally appeared thinner when compared to those of the non transgenic
plants; tapetal cells showed abnormal vacuolization and signs of cytoplasm degeneration. Despite this, some microspores were
formed and some pollen grains were shed in all the T0 plants, but these were highly variable in size and had very low in vitro germinability. Self-fertility was negligible. The T0 plants were crossed with one or two unrelated non transgenic male-fertile plants. Mendelian segregation was observed with
two exceptions. Instability of the trait in F1 progenies was noticed, varying for different T0 parents. F1 plants exhibiting higher sterility than the primary transformants were observed, indicating that it should be possible to
obtain good male sterile plants by backcrossing this trait into different genetic backgrounds. The possible use of this transgenic
male sterility in alfalfa breeding is briefly discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Although the wild sunflower species Helianthus laevigatus has not been extensively studied it may be considered for sunflower breeding as a potential source of desirable genes for Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance and high contents of proteins and linoleic acid in the seed. A set of six H. laevigatus populations was crossed to cultivated sun~ower lines and produced nine F1 (2-14 plants) and 66 BC1F1 hybrid combinations (1-13 plants). Male sterility occurred in F1 and BC1F1 hybrid combinations and pollen viability was lower in the progenies than in the parents (51.6-77.2%in F1 and in F1 and 4.8-34.0% in BC1F1). Meiosis was normal in the H. laevigatus populations It was found that this tetraploid species also occurred in a hexaploid form Numerous irregularities were observed in the meiosis of the F1 interspecific hybrids During diakinesis, quadrivalents and hexavalents were recorded in addition to bivalents Dislocated chromosomes and chromosome bridges were present in the other phases The chromosome number in F1 was 68 (tetraploid). Irregularities in chromosome pairing were observed in the interspecific hybrids at BC1F1. There were many univalents, and trivalents quadrivalents and hexavalents were also present The chromosome number in the BC1F1 generation ranged from 34 to 60. The occurrence of meiotic irregularities in the F1 and BC1F1 interspecific hybrids indicates that H. laevigatus and the cultivated sunflower differ in genome constitution. 相似文献
6.
Development of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility in safflower 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
K. Anhani 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(3):310-312
An interspecific cross was made between Carthamaus oxyacantha and the cultivated species C. tinctorius to develop a cytoplasmic‐genic male sterility (CMS) system in safflower. C. oxyacantha was the donor of sterile cytoplasm. The 3: 1 segregation pattern observed in BC1F2 suggested single gene control with dominance of male‐fertility over male‐sterility. The information obtained from crossing male sterile X male fertile plants in BC1F3 and BC1F4 generations showed statistically significant single gene (1: 1) segregation for male sterility vs. male fertility. The results demonstrated that C. tinctorius possesses a nuclear fertility restorer gene and that a single dominant allele restored fertility (Rf) in progeny carrying CMS cytoplasm of C. oxyacantha. Male sterility occurred with the homozygous recessive condition (rfrf) in a sterile C. oxyacantha cytoplasm background and not in the normal cytoplasm of C. tinctorius. The genetic background of different restorer lines of C. tinctorius having normal cytoplasm did not effect fertility restoration. The absence of male sterile plants in C. tinctorius populations ruled out the possibility of genetic male sterility. Normal meiosis in F1 and BC1F2 ruled out a cytogenetic basis for the occurrence of male sterility. 相似文献
7.
Summary
Cajanus platycarpus, an incompatible wild species from the tertiary gene pool of pigeonpea (C. cajan (L.) Millspaugh), has many desirable characteristics for the improvement of cultivated varieties. To necessitate such transfers, embryo rescue techniques were used to obtain F1 hybrids. The F1 hybrids were treated with colchicine to obtain tetraploid hybrids, that were selfed to obtain F2, F3 and F4 progenies. All of the hybrids and subsequent progenies had an intermediate morphology between the two parents. Backcrossing of the tetraploid hybrids with cultivated pigeonpea was not possible given embryo abortion, with smaller aborted embryos than those obtained in the F0 parental cross.As a route of introgression, diploid F1 hybrids were backcrossed with cultivated pigeonpea and BC1 progeny obtained by in vitro culture of aborting embryos. BC2 plants were obtained by normal, mature seed germination. Although embryo rescue techniques had to be used to obtain F1 and BC1 plants, it was possible to produce BC2 and subsequent generations through direct mature seed. Every backcross to cultivated pigeonpea increased pollen fertility and the formation of mature seeds.Special project assistant till December, 2003. 相似文献
8.
The African rice Oryza glaberrima, traditionally cultivated since more than 3.500 years, is of poor agronomic performance but resistant/tolerant to various
stresses and diseases. The introduction of these characters into O. sativa cultivars is difficult since crossing barriers cause spikelet sterility in F1. Backcrossing can restore fertility and recently
facilitated the development of fertile O. glaberrima × O. sativa ssp. japonica hybrid progenies for rain fed systems. With the objective to gain access to African rice germplasm for improvement of irrigated
rice, crosses were performed with eighteen O. glaberrima and twenty O. sativa ssp. indica accessions. In total about one hundred F1-hybrid grains were obtained. The F1 plants were all completely sterile and backcrossing
(BC) to O. sativa was performed in order to restore spikelet fertility. Monitoring of Tog5681 × IR64 hybrid progenies under field conditions
revealed a broad genetic diversity within the BC1 and BC2 populations. Some BC1 and BC2 progeny plants outperformed the O. sativa parent, indicating that the heterozygocity level and complementary gene action after two backcrosses are still sufficient
to positively influence plant vigor. Spikelet fertility of progenies was highly variable, but almost complete fertility was
already observed within the BC1F2 population. High spikelet fertility was preserved in one out of two analyzed BC1F3 families and inmost of the BC2F3 families. The ability to restore spikelet fertility within few generations and the potential of the genetic diversity present
in interspecific progenies facilitates the development of plant types specifically designed for the African irrigated and
lowland environment.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
A backcrossing programme was carried out both to assess the stability of a cytoplasmic male‐sterility (CMS) source from Helianthus resinosus, designated RES1, and to incorporate it into inbred sunflower lines (HA89, RHA271, RHA801). All the progenies, grown in different environments, were completely male‐sterile. This suggests that the expression of this cytoplasm is stable. Female‐fertility of lines HA89, RHA271 and RHA801 carrying CMS RES1 were compared with those of the corresponding fertile inbred lines. There were no differences in the number of seeds per head. This indicates that female‐fertility is not affected by RES1 cytoplasm. Cytological studies showed that meiosis proceeds normally until the tetrad stage; consequently, the absence of pollen is caused by alterations that take place during postmeiotic stages. With the aim of identifying male‐fertility restorer genotypes, crosses were made between HA89 (CMS RES1) plants and different annual diploid and perennial hexaploid Helianthus species. All the diploid germplasm evaluated behaved as a CMS RES1 maintainer. However, the hexaploid species, H. resinosus, H. x laetiflorus, H. pauciflorus and H. tuberosus, restored pollen fertility in CMS RES1 plants. 相似文献
10.
Summary Some plants without pods but with gynophores were observed in two F4 progenies of two crosses of goundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The flowers on these plants had translucent white anthers with no or a few sterile pollen grains. Three such plants in the succeeding generation were hand pollinated with pollen from a short-duration Indian cv. JL 24. The resulting F1 hybrid plants (male sterile x JL 24) were normal. Chi-square tests for segregation for male fertile and male sterile plants in F2 and F3 generations indicated that the male sterility in these crosses of groundnut is governed by two recessive genes. We designate these genes as ms1 and ms2 with ms1ms1ms2ms2 being a male sterile genotype.Submitted as ICRISAT J. A. No. 1812. 相似文献
11.
Summary Intergeneric hybrids (F1) Diplotaxis erucoides (DeDe) x Brassica napus (AACC) and the first backcross to B. napus (BC1) have been obtained through in vitro culture of excised ovaries. The chromosome numbers of F1 and BC1 plants proved the occurrence of unreduced gametes. The study of metaphase I chromosome pairing showed that autosyndesis in De genome and allosyndesis between De and A/C genomes might exist. The male fertility of the F1 plants was low. Some male-sterile plants were found in F1 and BC1 progeny. The possibilities of creating addition lines B. napus-D. erucoides and of obtaining a new cytoplasmic male sterility in B. napus are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Jing Li Peng Xu Xianneng Deng Jiawu Zhou Fengyi Hu Jianmin Wan Dayun Tao 《Euphytica》2008,164(3):699-708
To further understand the nature of hybrid sterility between Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima, quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling hybrid sterility between the two cultivated rice species were detected in BC1F1 and advanced backcross populations. A genetic map was constructed using the BC1F1 population derived from a cross between WAB450-16, an O. sativa cultivar, and CG14, an O. glaberrima cultivar. Seven main-effect QTLs for pollen and spikelet sterility were detected in the BC1F1. Forty-four sterility NILs (BC6F1) were developed via successive backcrosses using pollen sterility plants as female and WAB450-16 as the recurrent parent.
Seven NILs, in which the target QTL regions were heterozygous while the other QTL regions as well as most of the reminder
of the genome were homozygous for the WAB450-16 allele, were selected as the QTL identification materials. BC7F1 for the seven NILs showed a continuous variation in pollen and spikelet fertility. The four identified pollen sterility QTLs
were located one each on chromosomes 1, 3, 7 and 7. Pollen sterility loci qSS-3 and qSS-7a were on chromosomes 3 and 7, respectively, which coincides with the previously identified S19, and S20, while loci qSS-1 and qSS-7b on chromosomes 1 and 7L appear distinct from all previously reported loci. An epistatic interaction controlling the hybrid
sterility was detected between qSS-1 and qSS-7a. 相似文献
13.
S. Prakash I. Ahuja H. C. Upreti V. Dinesh Kumar S. R. Bhat P. B. Kirti V. L. Chopra 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(6):479-482
An alloplasmic mustard, Brassica juncea, has been synthesized by placing its nucleus into the cytoplasm of the related wild species Erucastrum canariense to express cytoplasmic male sterility. To achieve this, the sexual hybrid E. canariense (2n=18, EcEc) ×Brassica campestris (2n= 20, AA) was repeatedly backcrossed to B. juncea (2n= 36, AABB). Cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) plants were recovered in the BC4 generation. These plants are a normal green and the flowers have slender, non‐dehiscing anthers that contain sterile pollen. Nectaries are well developed and female fertility is > 90%. The fertility restoration gene was introgressed to CMS B. juncea from the cytoplasmic donor E. canariense through pairing between chromosomes belonging to B. juncea with those of the E. canariense genome. The restorer plants have normal flowers, with well‐developed anthers containing fertile pollen. Meiosis proceeds normally. Pollen and seed fertility averaged 90% and 82%, respectively. F1 hybrids between CMS and the restorer are fully pollen fertile and show normal seed set. Preliminary results indicate that restoration is achieved by a single dominant gene. The constitution of the organelle genomes of the CMS, restorer and fertility restored plants is identical, as revealed by Southern analysis using mitochondrial and chloroplast probes atp A and psb D, respectively. 相似文献
14.
N. Inomata 《Euphytica》2003,133(1):57-64
The cytogenetic study was investigated in the intergeneric F1 hybrid, F2and backcross progenies (BC1). The plants used were Brassica juncea(2n=36) and Diplotaxis virgata(2n=18). Three intergeneric F1 hybrids between two species were produced through ovary culture. They showed 36 chromosomes. It might consist one genome
of B. juncea and two genomes of D. virgata. The morphology of the leaves resembled that of B. juncea. The color of the petals was yellow that was like in D. virgata. The size of the petal was similar to that of B. juncea. The mean pollen fertility was15.3% and the chromosome associations in the first meiotic division were(0–1)IV+(0–2)III+(8–12)II+(12–20)I. Many F2 and BC1seeds were harvested after open pollination and backcross of the F1 hybrids withB. juncea, respectively. The F2seedlings showed different chromosome constitutions and the range was from 28 to54 chromosomes. Most seedlings had 38chromosomes
followed by 36, 40 and 54. The BC1 seedlings also showed different chromosome constitutions and the range was from 29 to 62. Most seedlings had both 40and 54
chromosomes followed by 36, 46 and52. In the first meiotic division of F2 and BC1 plants, a high frequency of bivalent associations was observed in all the various kinds of somatic chromosomes. Many F3 and BC2 seeds were obtained by self-pollination and open pollination of both F2 and BC1 plants, and by backcrossing both F2 and BC1plants with B. juncea, respectively,especially, three type progeny with 36, 40or 54 chromosomes. The somatic chromosomes of the F3 and BC2 plants were further investigated. The bridge plants between B. juncea and D. virgata with 36 chromosomes may be utilized for breeding of other Brassica crops as well as B. juncea.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Summary The male sterility system MS-1 of Brassica oleracea was studied in order to elucidate if nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions determine this system. Crosses of male sterile MS-1 genotypes with heterozygous MS-5 genotypes gave fully fertile F1 progenies. Selfing of seven F1 plants resulted in five F2 populations showing a 9:7 segregation ratio and two a 3:1 ratio for fertile and male sterile plants. Two F2 progenies deviated from the expected 9:7 or 3:1 segregation ratios for fertile and male sterile plants. Thermosensitivity and distortion of the meiosis are suggested as the causal factors underlying the deviation of the segregation ratios. It was concluded that nuclear factors determine the male sterility in the MS-1 system, because the presence of a nucleocytoplasmic interaction in this system should have given only a 3:1 segregation ratio for fertile and male sterile plants in the F2 generation. 相似文献
16.
Shu‐Yun Chen Szu‐Chien Liu Tzu‐Chuan Lo Andi Wahyono Sz‐Yun Chen Hsin‐Mei Ku 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(2):291-297
Non‐pungent bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) lacks the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) nuclear restorer allele, Rf, and CMS cannot be employed in its F1 hybrid seed production. To demonstrate that the genic male sterility (GMS) system in non‐pungent bell pepper can be converted to the CMS male sterility system, the conversion of GMS to CMS for non‐pungent bell pepper line GC3 was conducted by introgression of S‐type cytoplasm and the Rf allele from tropical pungent donors. After morphological traits were evaluated, two lines from BC1F1 containing S‐type cytoplasm and four lines from BC2F2 containing Rf allele, phenotypically similar to GC3, were obtained and could be employed as CMS male sterile lines and restorer lines for non‐pungent bell pepper. Four molecular markers potentially linked to traits of interest were also evaluated in BC1F1 and BC1F2 populations. This is the first time that GMS has been successfully converted to CMS in bell pepper, a significant contribution for bell pepper hybrid seed production. 相似文献
17.
Gilbert D. McCollum 《Euphytica》1981,30(3):855-859
Summary Alloplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea L. was synthesized in a backcrossing program through amphidiploid Raphanobrassica by using Early Scarlet Globe radish (Raphanus sativus L.) as the donor of cytoplasm and B. oleracea broccoli and cabbage as recurrent pollen parents. Persistence of radish chromosomes and high female sterility were encountered in the first four backcrosses. Following use of colchiploid 4x broccoli as pollen parent, a BC5 plant was obtained that had 2n=3x+1=28 chromosomes, improved seed set, and no radish traits. The BC6 with recurrent 2x broccoli contained male-sterile plants with 2n=18 or 19 chromosomes, increased seed set, and broccoli morphology. Subsequent generations segregated for male-sterile and restored male-fertile plants, some with variable development of stamens and pollen. Leaf color of the alloplasmic plants, especially seedlings, was lighter green than normal. 相似文献
18.
Kuljit Kaur Cheema Navtej S. Bains Gurjit S. Mangat Aparna Das Yogesh Vikal Darshan S. Brar Gurdev S. Khush Kuldeep Singh 《Euphytica》2008,160(3):401-409
Modern rice varieties that ushered in the green revolution brought about dramatic increase in rice production worldwide but
at the cost of genetic diversity at the farmers’ fields. The wild species germplasm can be used for broadening the genetic
base and improving productivity. Mining of alleles at productivity QTL from related wild species under simultaneous backcrossing
and evaluation, accompanied by molecular marker analysis has emerged as an effective plant breeding strategy for utilization
of wild species germplasm. In the present study, a limited backcross strategy was used to introgress QTL associated with yield
and yield components from Oryza rufipogon (acc. IRGC 105491) to cultivated rice, O. sativa cv IR64. A set of 12 BC2F6 progenies, selected from among more than 100 BC2F5 progenies were evaluated for yield and yield components. For plant height, days to 50% flowering and tillers/plant, the introgression
lines did not show any significant change compared to the recurrent parent IR64. For yield, 9 of the 12 introgression lines
showed significantly higher yield (19–38%) than the recurrent parent IR64. Four of these lines originating from a common lineage
showed higher yield due to increase in grain weight and another three also from a common lineage showed yield increase due
to increase in grain number per panicle. For analyzing the introgression at molecular level all the 12 lines were analyzed
for 259 polymorphic SSR markers. Of the total 259 SSR markers analyzed, only 18 (7.0%) showed introgression from O. rufipogon for chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 11. Graphical genotypes have been prepared for each line and association between the introgression
regions and the traits that increased yield is reported. Based on marker trait association it appears that some of the QTL
are stable across the environments and genetic backgrounds and can be exploited universally. 相似文献
19.
The genetic relationship among three cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems, consisting of WA, Dissi, and Gambiaca, was
studied. The results showed that the maintainers of one CMS system can also maintain sterility in other cytoplasmic backgrounds.
The F1 plants derived from crosses involving A and R lines of the respective cytoplasm and their cross-combination with other CMS
systems showed similar pollen and spikelet fertility values, indicating that similar biological processes govern fertility
restoration in these three CMS systems. The results from an inheritance study showed that the pollen fertility restoration
in all three CMS systems was governed by two independent and dominant genes with classical duplicate gene action. Three F2 populations, generated from the crosses between the parents of good-performing rice hybrids, that possess WA, Dissi, and
Gambiaca CMS cytoplasm, were used to map the Rf genes. For the WA-CMS system, Rf3 was located at a distance of 2.8 cM from RM490 on chromosome 1 and Rf4 was located at 1.6 cM from RM1108 on chromosome 10. For the Dissi-CMS system, Rf3 was located on chromosome 1 at 1.9 cM from RM7466 and Rf4 on chromosome 10 was located at 2.3 cM from RM6100. The effect of Rf3 on pollen fertility appeared to be stronger than the effect of Rf4. In the Gambiaca-CMS system, only one major locus was mapped on chromosome 1 at 2.1 cM from RM576. These studies have led
to the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for selecting putative restorer lines, new approaches to alloplasmic
line breeding, and the transfer of Rf genes into adapted cultivars through a backcrossing program in an active hybrid rice breeding program. 相似文献
20.
Summary Ten cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines were crossed with nine maintainer or male fertility restorer lines in a diallel crossing scheme. Based on fertility restoration of the F1 generation, CMS lines were divided into four groups. At least two new sources of CMS, CMS PET2 and CMS GIG1, were found to be potentially useful for commercial production of hybrids. Environment had an influence on fertility restoration of one CMS line, CMS MAX1. Effective restoration of male fertility for CMS RIG1, CMS ANN2, and CMS ANN3 was not found. 相似文献