共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
本文介绍了农药助剂的使用历史、发展现状及未来趋势,阐述了我国农药助剂产业存在的问题及国际助剂管理情况和我国加强对农药助剂管理的必要性。 相似文献
2.
3.
Comparative effects of different types of tank‐mixed adjuvants on the efficacy,absorption and translocation of cyhalofop‐butyl in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli [L.] Beauv.) 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The efficacy of cyhalofop‐butyl with tank‐mixed adjuvants on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli [L.] Beauv.), as well as the physico‐chemical properties, absorption and translocation, was evaluated and compared. The efficacy experiment showed that the treatments with tank‐mixed adjuvants were approximately twofold more effective than with cyhalofop‐butyl alone at 2% (v/v) (silwet 625 at 0.05%). The surface tension decreased and the droplets could spread automatically on the leaves after adding the adjuvants. The spreading speed increased significantly with the adjuvants. The epidermal cells and wax layer were damaged by the adjuvants. The absorption of cyhalofop‐butyl was increased significantly after adding the tank‐mixed adjuvants. GY‐T12 and silwet 625 were conducive to upward translocation and all six tank‐mixed adjuvants promoted the downward translocation of the herbicide. The results demonstrate that adjuvants can have a considerable influence on the efficiency of cyhalofop‐butyl on barnyardgrass. 相似文献
4.
Optimizing diquat efficacy with the use of adjuvants may broaden the spectrum of weed control, but relevant research towards this direction is limited. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of diquat applied alone and with six commercial adjuvants (surfactants and oil-based adjuvants) on various weed species. Diquat effect was evaluated in two field experiments on natural populations of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculare L.) and burning nettle (Urtica urens L.) along with two greenhouse trials on rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum L.). In field or greenhouse experiments, all the adjuvants significantly increased the control of C. album, P. aviculare, and L. rigidum, from 48, 42 and 7%, up to 82, 74 and 67%, respectively, in terms of fresh weight reduction, but to a different extent for each adjuvant. U. urens was totally (100%) controlled in terms of visual estimation either with diquat or with diquat plus any adjuvant. The differences in the effect of diquat applied with adjuvants mainly depended on the weed species examined and they were not proportional to the surface tension reduction of the spray solution caused by the adjuvants. Overall, the surfactants and the oil-based adjuvants examined in this study considerably enhanced the effect of diquat; this can broaden the spectrum of weed control against broadleaf and grass weeds in orchards and non-crop areas. The results are discussed in relation with the classification of the adjuvants. 相似文献
5.
BACKGROUND: In recent years, several studies have shown the impact of adjuvants on the characteristics of herbicide deposits on leaf surfaces. Until now, most studies have addressed the distribution of active ingredients (AIs), whereas few experiments have focused on the location of the adjuvants. The objective of this study was a systematic examination of the particle distribution profile of both the AI (glyphosate, Gly) and the adjuvants after the application of sessile microdroplets on hydrophobic (Teflon) and hydrophilic (glass and aluminium) model surfaces. RESULTS: The association degree (AD) was surface dependent and specific for the tested adjuvants. In general, the rather hydrophobic adjuvant RSO 5 showed decreasing AD with Gly at increasing relative humidity (RH) levels. The rather hydrophilic RSO 60 adjuvant displayed higher AD between the compounds at a higher RH. A high concentration of the adjuvant reduced the AD for both of the RSO adjuvants evaluated. CONCLUSION: The combination of surface properties, the type of adjuvant and the relative humidity determines the degree of association between Gly and the adjuvants. The present results suggest that the interaction between the AI and an adjuvant determines whether spatial separation occurs, whereas physical processes (e.g. capillary particle movement, inward and outward Marangoni flows and the evaporation rate) are decisive for the extent of the separation. Coffee‐ring structures were formed exclusively with the adjuvant + Gly mixtures, whereas Gly alone formed either one big deposit or several small islands distributed within the droplet footprint. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
6.
A method for the separation of the oil, emulsifier and polymer or salt fractions of adjuvants is described. The adjuvant is dissolved in 90% aqueous ethanol and filtered to remove polymers or salt. Light petroleum (distillation range 30–40°C) is added to the solution in a separating funnel. The light petroleum fraction is subsequently extracted with successive aliquots of 80, 70, 60 and 50% aqueous ethanol. The whole of the ethanol and light petroleum fractions are evaporated to dryness to yield the emulsifier and oil fractions respectively. Emulsifier, oil and polymer or salt are determined gravimetrically. The method successfully detected the presence of polymer or salt in adjuvants, but could not distinguish between them when both were present in the same product. The adjuvants could be classified into four broad classes; those containing > 70% emulsifier (wetter-spreaders), those containing > 75% oil (anti-evaporants), those containing a high proportion of polymer (film-forming substances), and those containing comparable amounts of all three components (multi-purpose adjuvants). 相似文献
7.
8.
四种喷雾助剂对嘧菌酯在玉米叶片上耐雨水冲刷能力及其对玉米安全性的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在室内模拟雨水冲刷条件下,分别通过荧光显微镜法和高效液相色谱法探究了添加4种自制喷雾助剂AY904-1 (含有40%乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸共聚物和10%异构醇聚氧乙烯醚)、AY904-2 (含有30%乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物和10%异构醇聚氧乙烯醚)、AY904-3 (含有20%乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物和10%异构醇聚氧乙烯醚) 和AY904-4 (含有10%乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物和10%异构醇聚氧乙烯醚) 对提高嘧菌酯在玉米叶片表面耐雨水冲刷效果的影响,并测定了喷雾助剂对嘧菌酯药液物理性状及其玉米安全性的影响。结果表明:在室内模拟冲刷试验中,两种检测方法所测结果具有良好的相关性;在嘧菌酯中添加质量分数为0.1%~1.0%的AY904-1和AY904-2以及添加质量分数为0.5%~1.0%的AY904-3和AY904-4均可显著提高嘧菌酯在玉米叶片上的持留量,且助剂的添加量越大,耐冲刷效果越好,其中以AY904-1的效果最好。在嘧菌酯药液中添加4种喷雾助剂,均能降低药液在玉米叶片表面的接触角,但与嘧菌酯药剂对照相比无显著差异。AY904-1和AY904-2的干燥薄膜在水中溶胀度较低,成膜性能较好。将4种喷雾助剂与氯虫苯甲酰胺药液桶混后喷雾,发现其对3个品种玉米均有很高的安全性。 相似文献
9.
The concept 'green adjuvants' is difficult to define. This paper formulates an answer based on two approaches. Starting from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) definition for green chemistry, production-based and environmental-impact-based definitions for green adjuvants are proposed. According to the production-based approach, adjuvants are defined as green if they are manufactured using renewable raw materials as much as possible while making efficient use of energy, preferably renewable energy. According to the environmental impact approach, adjuvants are defined as green (1) if they have a low human and environmental impact, (2) if they do not increase active ingredient environmental mobility and/or toxicity to humans and non-target organisms, (3) if they do not increase the exposure to these active substances and (4) if they lower the impact of formulated pesticides by enhancing the performance of active ingredients, thus potentially lowering the required dosage of active ingredients. Based on both approaches, a tentative definition for 'green adjuvants' is given, and future research and legislation directions are set out. 相似文献
10.
The influence of a non‐ionic surfactant (20% isodecyl alcohol ethoxylate plus 0.7% silicone surfactants), an anionic surfactant (25.5% alkylethersulfate sodium salt), and a vegetable oil (95% natural rapeseed oil with 5% compound emulsifiers) on the performance and rainfastness of a new commercial formulation of tribenuron‐methyl was assessed on four broad‐leaved weeds: wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis), scentless mayweed (Tripleurospermum inodorum), common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). In one experiment, six doses of tribenuron‐methyl alone or in a mixture with each of the three adjuvants were applied to each weed species at two different leaf stages. In another experiment, the plants of T. inodorum were sprayed and subsequently subjected to 3 mm of rain at 1, 2, and 4 h after treatment (HAT). The activity of tribenuron‐methyl was significantly enhanced by all the adjuvants on all the weed species and only minor differences were observed among the tested adjuvants. The impact of the adjuvants varied among the weed species and growth stages. The highest response to the inclusion of adjuvants in the spray liquid was found at the late growth stage and on C. album, followed by P. rhoeas and T. inodorum, while S. arvensis was less responsive to the adjuvants. All the adjuvants significantly improved the rainfastness of tribenuron‐methyl on T. inodorum, with differences among the adjuvants being more pronounced when rain occurred shortly after herbicide application. The effect of the vegetable oil on tribenuron‐methyl's rainfastness was significantly lower than that of the surfactants with rain at 1 HAT, while no significant differences among the three adjuvants were observed when rain occurred at 2 and 4 HAT. 相似文献
11.
Pesticides in Great Britain are subject to legislation that requires them to be approved by Ministers. Specific data for non-pesticidal co-formulants are not generally required but are encompassed within the requirements for the formulated pesticide in which they are present. Adjuvants, substances without significant pesticidal properties which enhance the effectiveness of a pesticide when added to that pesticide, can be used with pesticides only in accordance with the approval of that pesticide or as varied by lists of authorised adjuvants published by Ministers. Data must be supplied for adjuvants to appear on this list. National legislation on pesticides is soon to be amended to take account of a European Community Directive which seeks to harmonise registration requirements throughout the Community. It is as yet unclear how this will affect registration of co-formulants and adjuvants. 相似文献
12.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of three organosilicone-based and six conventional organic adjuvants on the absorption and translocation of 14 C-glyphosate in guineagrass and redroot pigweed. The organosilicone adjuvants produced rapid absorption of the 14 C-glyphosate into the redroot pigweed leaves, reaching maximum absorption within 0.5–1.0 h after application. The conventional adjuvants produced slower absorption of the 14 C-glyphosate, as the maximum absorption was not achieved until at least 24 h after application in redroot pigweed, remaining similar until 72 h. In guineagrass, the maximum absorption of the glyphosate was earlier than 24 h with the organosilicone-based adjuvants, compared with longer times for the conventional adjuvants. The organosilicone-based adjuvants also increased the glyphosate translocation in redroot pigweed, but not in guineagrass. Organosilicone adjuvants have the potential to provide greater rainfastness to glyphosate on redroot pigweed and, to a lesser extent, on guineagrass. 相似文献
13.
Cabanne 《Weed Research》2000,40(2):181-189
A novel chemistry, namely terpene alcohols from pine tree (Pinus pinaster Ait.) was assessed as adjuvants for herbicides. The compared adjuvants included butylated fatty acids from tall oil, a blend of terpene alcohols, mainly isomers of terpineols, from pine oil and three mixtures containing butylated fatty acids and terpineols. All were emulsified with the same non‐ionic vegetable surfactant present at 25% (wt/wt). Whole‐plant bioassays were performed in the greenhouse with Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. and oats to compare the effects of these vegetable‐based adjuvants on the efficacy of clodinafop‐propargyl. Formulated clodinafop‐propargyl, with its safener and adjuvants added in tank‐mixture, was applied at the 2‐leaf stage of the plants. The effects of adjuvants were compared on the basis of doses of herbicide producing the same effect. Herbicide efficacy was increased less than twofold by the emulsifier, 2–3‐fold by butylated seed oil and 5–6‐fold by terpineols. The optimum effect of terpineols was observed at 0.5% (V/V). The addition of terpineols to butylated fatty acids (mixture ratio 0.5:0.5; wt/wt) increased the effect of esterified fatty acids up to the level of terpineols. A synergistic joint action was demonstrated when analysed with the Additive Dose Model. The interest of terpineols as adjuvants of herbicides is discussed. 相似文献
14.
The formation of a spray is the result of interaction between the nozzle type and the spray liquid. When adjuvants lower the surface tension, a shift to a finer spray quality might be expected. Increases in viscosity might cause coarser sprays. The spray pressure, nozzle type and spray liquid determine spray performance. Adjuvants that cause droplets of oil in the spray mixture, for example crop oils, petroleum oils and even some water-insoluble emulsifiers and surfactants, may unexpectedly increase the spray droplet size. In cases where a finer spray is obtained, the volume fraction of drops smaller than 100 microm diameter, V(100), is expected to increase, but for some adjuvants a decrease in V(100) is observed. Finally, spray droplets may also differ when the concentration of the applied adjuvants changes. An overview based on reports in the literature is given of the effects of different classes of adjuvants used for agricultural cropping on spray droplet spectra. The effects of these adjuvants on spray formation depend on the type of nozzle in combination with the applied pressure. 相似文献
15.
16.
The chemically different adjuvants ‘Agral’, ‘Bond’, ‘Codacide Oil’, Li 700, ‘Silwet L’-77, and ‘Headland Guard’ were assayed to determine their effects on the rainfastness of an emulsifiable concentrate formulation of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos. Cabbage leaves were each treated with 200×0.25-μl droplets of diluted formulation using a hand-held microapplicator. Droplet deposits were left to air-dry for 1 h prior to exposure to simulated rainfall. Rain fastness was assessed using GC residue analyses of treated leaves after exposure to 10, 20 or 30 min simulated rainfall. The results indicated that the latex-based adjuvants ‘Bond’ and ‘Headland Guard’ induced a statistically significant increase in rainfastness, results for the other adjuvants assayed being either not significant or inconclusive. The results are discussed within the context of using adjuvants to enhance insecticide efficacy. ©1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
17.
为明确4种不同类型喷雾助剂对吡虫啉5种剂型的增效效果，测定了助剂与农药混用后药液的表面张力、接触角、干燥时间、扩展直径与叶面持留量，之后根据上述试验结果，选择增效作用较好的2种助剂与吡虫啉各剂型混用，对枸杞木虱进行大田防效试验，最终得到喷雾助剂与农药剂型的最优搭配。试验结果表明，添加喷雾助剂可降低药液表面张力、接触角与干燥时间，增加药液在枸杞叶片上的扩展直径与叶面持留量。其中，强力源对5%吡虫啉SL、70%吡虫啉WP的增效效果较好，矿物油对5%吡虫啉SL、70%吡虫啉WG的增效效果较好，迈润与步锐丝效果相对较差。田间试验结果表明，强力源分别与70%吡虫啉WP和5%吡虫啉SL混用防治枸杞木虱，药后7、10 d的防效较好。表面活性剂类助剂强力源可有效改善5%吡虫啉SL、70%吡虫啉WP药液物理性能，增加药液在叶片上的沉积量，并有效防治枸杞木虱，故生产上推荐使用该搭配。 相似文献
18.
19.
六种喷雾助剂提高硝磺草酮防除稗草及反枝苋效果的作用机理初探 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
以各助剂临界胶束浓度(CMC)为参考,在室内条件下研究了添加不同浓度6种喷雾助剂对硝磺草酮防除禾本科杂草稗草及阔叶杂草反枝苋效果的影响,并探讨了各助剂的CMC值与硝磺草酮药效之间的关系。从助剂改变药液在植物叶片上的接触角与最大稳定持流量两个方面,分析了6种助剂对提高硝磺草酮除草效果的原因。结果表明:6种供试助剂添加浓度在不小于其CM C值时即可明显提高硝磺草酮在杂草上的有效沉积量,且均可不同程度地提高硝磺草酮对稗草及反枝苋的除草活性,对稗草的鲜重抑制活性比对反枝苋的高;其中GY-Tmax和S903效果较好,其次是GY-T12和QS-304,OP-10与S625效果略差。6种助剂通过降低药液在两种杂草叶片上的接触角、增大药液对靶标植物的最大稳定持流量,可提高硝磺草酮的除草效果。 相似文献
20.
为明确3类不同功能助剂在酥梨园的安全使用技术及其对梨园重要害虫防效的影响, 在田间梨树不同发育期, 调查3类?共6种功能助剂对果实和叶片的药害率; 调查3种安全助剂与4种农药混配后对梨小食心虫和梨木虱的防效?结果表明, 6种功能助剂对梨果药害率从高到低依次为15 d幼果?45 d小果和75 d膨大期果实; 6种助剂对叶片均安全?在较低温度下施药可显著降低功能助剂对梨果的药害率?6种助剂对果实药害率从高到低依次为NF100?Silwet 408?GY-Tmax?GY-T1602? GY-T12和迈道?迈道?GY-T12显著提高22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂?20%呋虫胺可溶粒剂和5%阿维菌素微乳剂对梨木虱的防效, GY-T1602显著提高了22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和20%呋虫胺可溶粒剂的对梨木虱的防效; 迈道?GY-T12和GY-T1602显著提高了5%阿维菌素微乳剂?20%呋虫胺可溶粒剂和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂对梨小食心虫的防效?该结果为功能助剂在酥梨园的安全使用提供了科学依据? 相似文献