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1.
Impacts of formal credit on rural household income: Evidence from deprived areas in western China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Financial support is a crucial part of China's poverty alleviation effort. Thus, it is vital to understand how formal credit impacts income growth in rural households. In 2012, 2015, and 2018, a survey was conducted to obtain a panel dataset of 592 rural households from 6 poverty-stricken counties in western China, including counties in Guizhou, Yunnan, and Shaanxi provinces. We use the data to examine the effect of formal credit on rural household income and the mechanism that underlies this effect. We find that formal credit can significantly increase rural households' income in deprived areas in western China. Furthermore, formal credit promotes the reallocation of household labor from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector and changes rural households' decisions about investment-consumption behavior. These are the drivers of changes in the amount and structure of household income. Further analyses show that formal credit may widen income inequality among rural households in western China's deprived areas. The individual characteristics of rural households, such as different levels of material capital, human capital, and social capital, bring about differences in the effects of formal credit on income growth. This study emphasizes that the implementation of formal credit is an essential strategy for poverty alleviation in underdeveloped areas, but policymakers should not excessively interfere with the financial market. 相似文献
2.
Two phenomena in the history of China's economic growth during the last four decades are the increase in the share of offfarm employment and the progress in poverty alleviation in rural China. Although both of them have been well documented in the literature, less is known about the linkage between the two. To better understand the role that off-farm employment has played in poverty alleviation in rural China is critically important not only for China but also for those countries that are trying to reduce poverty. Here, we examine the impact of off-farm employment on poverty alleviation in rural China. Using the data from two nationally representative household panel surveys(China National Rural Survey and China Rural Development Survey), this paper provides supporting evidence that off-farm employment contributes to poverty alleviation in rural China. Specifically, if household participation in off-farm employment increases by 10 percentage points, the likelihood for a nonpoor household to fall into poverty will decrease by 0.88 percentage point whereas the likelihood for a poor household to climb out of poverty will increase by 3.5 percentage points. In a word, off-employment can not only prevent rural residents to fall into poverty but also help those already in poverty climb out of it. 相似文献
3.
为探究生计资本对农村居民家庭相对贫困的影响,引入心理资本这一维度对可持续生计分析框架进行扩展,基于中国家庭动态追踪调查(CFPS)数据,运用熵值法对生计资本进行测度,并从生计资本水平和结构的双重视角出发,分析生计资本对相对贫困的影响。结果表明:1)农村居民家庭生计资本水平和结构呈现不均衡现象。其中,农村居民家庭心理资本最丰裕,其次是人力资本、自然资本、社会资本和物质资本,金融资本最缺乏。生计结构方面以心理资本占优型的农村居民家庭居多,金融资本占优型、物质资本占优型和社会资本占优型的农村居民家庭数量较少。2)人力资本、社会资本、自然资本、物质资本、金融资本水平越高,农村居民家庭陷入相对贫困的概率越小,相对贫困强度越弱。3)与社会资本占优型相比,人力资本占优型、自然资本占优型、物质资本占优型、金融资本占优型和心理资本占优型对相对贫困的抑制效应更强。因此,生计资本水平和结构对农村居民家庭相对贫困均有负向影响,是防止农村居民家庭陷入相对贫困的重要依赖。 相似文献
4.
随着现行标准下我国绝对贫困问题的解决,缓解多维相对贫困将成为新时代扶贫工作的重点,因此发挥数字金融优势缓解农户多维相对贫困具有重要的现实意义。基于中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）数据,采用A-F方法、Probit模型和中介效应模型,分析数字金融对农户多维相对贫困的影响,探讨其影响机制和地区异质性。结果表明,农户使用数字金融占比为39.7%,说明使用数字金融的农户数量仍相对较低。农户多维相对贫困以脆弱型和一般型相对贫困群体为主,发展能力已成为缓解相对贫困的关键维度,西部地区仍是我国相对贫困的集中区域。数字金融能够有效减缓农户多维相对贫困,对脆弱型多维相对贫困缓解效果更好,从不同维度来看,数字金融对缓解发展能力贫困和经济能力贫困影响程度更深;进一步地,数字金融能够通过提高农户金融素养缓解农户多维相对贫困现象。从异质性分析来看,数字金融能更好降低东部地区的农户多维相对贫困发生概率。据此,提出继续推进农村和中西部地区数字化建设,加强数字金融相关知识技能的宣传与针对性指导,推进数字征信在农村地区发展等政策建议。 相似文献
5.
The impact of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme on the “health poverty alleviation” of rural households in China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This study investigates the impact of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme(NRCMS) on rural households to escape poverty. We employ the instrumental variable method, the IVProbit model, to analyze the national data from the rural-resident field survey by the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) in 2016. Based on the large-scale data, we found that, first, the hospitalization of family members is the key factor in increasing the risk of the family falling into poverty. The NRCMS has significantly reduced the likely risk of falling into poverty. Second, the impact of the NRCMS on poverty alleviation varies among groups with different levels of income. There is no impact on the upper-middle and high-income groups; in contrast, the NRCMS has substantially improved the capacity of low-income rural families to prevent poverty due to illness, especially for the lower-middle-income group. Third, there exist significant regional differences in the impact of NRCMS on the health poverty alleviation of rural households in China. The NRCMS has successfully reduced the risk of rural households in the western region falling into poverty, simultaneously, no significant impact on those in the eastern and central regions. In order to diminish and eliminate poverty eventually and boost rural residents' capacity for income acquisition, we propose the following: raise the actual compensation ratio of the NRCMS, control the rising expense of NRCMS by promoting the payment method reform, construct the comprehensive healthcare system in the western region, strengthen the medical security for the poor in remote area, and enhance the living environment for rural residents. 相似文献
6.
正Introduction Ending poverty in all its forms everywhere is the first Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) of the United Nations(2021a). Progress towards this goal has varied but also been fruitful. Between 1990 and 2015, over a billion people were lifted out of extreme poverty(World Bank 2018). From 36% of the population under extreme poverty in 1990 to 10% in 2015(United Nations 2021b). 相似文献
7.
户用分布式光伏对农户收入影响具有长期性,如何发挥分布式光伏在乡村振兴战略中的作用需进一步探索。本文以户用分布式光伏为例,利用中部地区Y县2014—2019年农户追踪数据,运用双重差分法,分析户用分布式光伏对农户收入的影响,探讨户用分布式光伏对农户收入影响的作用机制。结果表明,2014—2019年农户收入大幅度提升,其中建光伏农户的人均收入增长幅度大于未建光伏农户,户用分布式光伏使农户人均收入提高25.4%,其中经营性收入、财产性收入分别提高74.4%和444.5%,而工资性收入降低45.3%。户用分布式光伏是通过减少非农劳动时间和缩短非农就业空间距离降低农户工资性收入,增加经营性收入,从而影响人均收入。进一步分析发现,户用分布式光伏对非中心村农户的工资性收入和经营性收入影响大于中心村农户,劳动力能力越强的农户经营性收入上升幅度越大,工资性收入下降幅度越小。因此,建议统一维护光伏设施,促进劳动力要素有效配置;并依据劳动能力差异分层分配股份,降低劳动能力强的农户对政府补贴的依赖;另外,创新光伏产业发展模式,拓宽光伏产业增收渠道。 相似文献
8.
基于CFPS数据库实证探讨农村家庭贫困脆弱性水平和关键影响因素。结论如下：中国农村家庭贫困脆弱性总体先下降、后反弹上升，且不同地域分布的农户和不同家庭特征的农户家庭贫困脆弱性存在显著差异。同时，农村贫困脆弱家庭中长期脆弱家庭和动态脆弱家庭也并存；农户家庭特征和外部发展条件显著影响农村家庭贫困脆弱性，户主年长、家有患病人员、家有较多老人与未成年子女以及经历自然灾害等情况加剧家庭贫困脆弱性。户主高学历、家有较多劳动力，家庭成员参与医疗、养老保险以及家庭可便捷获取教育、医疗和信息服务，家庭贫困脆弱性有效缓解。农民职业技能培训、耕地占有量和家庭社会关系网络及农村农业机械化与合作组织发展未产生有效的贫困脆弱缓解效应。 相似文献
9.
农村家庭人力资本的减贫效应研究——基于非农就业的作用机制 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
人力资本是提高农村贫困人口可持续脱贫能力的重要因素。基于人力资本理论,利用2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归模型,分析健康与教育人力资本对农村贫困的影响效应,探讨非农就业的作用机制。结果表明,贫困家庭的健康和教育人力资本水平分别为0.81和4.34,明显低于非贫困家庭的0.87和6.28;健康与教育所体现的人力资本对农村家庭均具有显著的减贫效应,且健康对贫困的缓解作用比教育更为明显。与绝对贫困相比,健康与教育人力资本更有利于农村家庭摆脱相对贫困状况。此外,健康与教育人力资本均能够通过提高非农就业水平进而降低农村的贫困发生率。因此,提出了提高农村贫困家庭对教育、医疗服务的可得性和可及性,增强其基础性人力资本积累能力,合理引导并提升农村劳动力非农就业质量的对策建议。 相似文献
10.
The COVID-19 outbreak has shocked the world's economies in the year of 2020. As this pandemic spreads around the globe, many experts feared that the global food supplies might start running short, especially if supply chains were disrupted. COVID-19 also added to the uncertainty of the business operation. Therefore, it is critical to understand how COVID-19 pandemic affected global food supply and market. In this study, we investigate the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural export companies in China using a unique firm-level survey data. We found that although on average agricultural businesses experienced declines in the exports, exports of some agricultural products especially grain and oil held strong and even increased, implying the essential demand for staple food during the pandemic. Not surprisingly, exports of medicinal herb also increased significantly during the pandemic. However, exports of goods such as edible fungus and horticultural products sharply decreased. Our results also showed that in general, impact of COVID-19 on smaller firms was more severe than that on larger firms. The results of this study can provide useful guidance and implications for agricultural businesses and policy makers on their COVID-19 mitigation efforts to navigate this global pandemic. 相似文献
11.
Pig farmers' willingness to recover their production under COVID-19 pandemic shock in China – Empirical evidence from a farm survey 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Pig farmers' willingness to recover production under the COVID-19 pandemic shock is significant to recover live pigs' supply in China in 2020. Increasing farmers' willingness to recover pig production contributes to enhance pig supply, stabilize the pig and pork market, and to improve pig farmers' income. This research studies the determinants of pig farmers' willingness to recover production under COVID-19 pandemic shock by applying survey data of 201 farmers in Huai'an City and Lin'an City and a logit regression model. The estimation results show that a farmer's risk perception, the duration time of a farmer's feed supply under COVID-19 pandemic shock, whether or not being a cooperative member, and a farmer's knowledge on government's policy designed to encourage pig production, a farmer's education level and production experience are the key determinants to a farmer's willingness to recover pig production. Thus, it's important for policymakers to solve the problems for farmers to get access to feed during the pandemic, to encourage the development of cooperatives, as well as to issue and advocate policies to encourage pig production. The study contributes to the scant literature by providing fresh empirical evidences on determinants of farmers' willingness to recover pig production. It has significance to farmers and governments to enhance farmers' willingness to recover production, which contributes to secure pig supply in China after the COVID-19 pandemic. 相似文献
12.
2020年我国天然橡胶生产受白粉病、台风和冬季低温影响,而国外天然橡胶生产受新冠肺炎疫情、落叶病和台风影响,我国及全球天然橡胶产量分别下降14.9%和6.9%。疫情导致全球天然橡胶出口减少2.9%,消费下降6.9%,而我国的天然橡胶进口量同比增加13.7%,消费量与2019年相当。国内外天然橡胶价格年平均值未出现类似2008年世界金融危机期间的大幅度下跌,国内市场全乳标准胶年平均价格每吨1.16万元,比上年上升2.19%;国际市场年平均价格每吨1327美元,下降6.35%。展望2021年,国内外天然橡胶产业仍然处于供应大于需求阶段,新冠疫情影响仍将继续,我国天然橡胶消费增长可能放慢,而全球宽松货币和汽车产销将有利天然橡胶价格提升。 相似文献
13.
贫困农户面临脱贫机遇和陷入极端贫困风险时的生产经营投入决策,对改变贫困状态起到关键的作用。基于贫困地区农户的多期追踪调查数据,采用二分变量Logit模型,分析贫困农户的生产投入决策对贫困状态转变的影响,探讨贫困农户在资金有限的情况下摆脱贫困的方式,为贫困人口退出贫困的动力寻找理论源泉。结果表明,按照官方贫困线,样本农户的贫困发生率由2006年的20.7%下降到2009年的7.3%,每年的脱贫率为63.2%-71.7%。在农户的生产经营投入中,尽管对小商品经营活动的投入较少,但却得到较高的回报。那些有一定经济基础的贫困农户,当生产经营投入转向高风险、高回报的小商品经营活动,或提升生产经营投入的多元化水平时,脱贫的概率会显著提高。小商品经营活动中的投入增加1倍,其脱贫的概率大约会提高6%;生产经营投入由专业化转向完全的多元化,其脱贫的概率大约提高50%,但这些生产投入决策对那些处于极端贫困的农户却没有效果。研究表明,有一定经济基础的贫困农户可以通过改变生产经营投入决策退出贫困状态。因此,建议政府应该通过新技术的推广和信用支持,鼓励和引导有一定基础的贫困农户进入高收益的生产经营领域,增加农民的收入渠道。同时,通过完善社会保障体系来保障极端贫困人口的生活。 相似文献
14.
生计资本对农户分工模式的影响:来自广东的调查分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于"可持续生计分析框架"(SLA)中生计资本概念,构建生计资本与农户分工模式选择的理论分析框架,利用广东省农户问卷调查数据,采用多项Logistic回归模型,分析生计资本对农户分工模式的影响,探讨推进农户分工的可行途径。结果表明,对于转型为兼业偏农型农户,存在显著正向影响的变量为非农业就业培训、劳动力人数,存在显著负向影响的为农业技能培训;对于转型为兼业偏非农型农户,存在显著正向影响变量为非农业就业培训、劳动力人数、村干部、人均收入,存在显著负向影响的为农业技能培训、平均年龄,劳均土地面积、是否贷款;对于转型为纯非农型农户,存在显著正向影响的变量为受教育年限、非农业就业培训、人均收入,存在显著负向影响的为农业技能培训、平均年龄、三代人是否生活于本村与拥有的农机数量。据此计量结果,提出了促进兼业型农户向纯农型农户或纯非农型农户转换,引导农户合理分工演化的政策建议。 相似文献
15.
Vegetable production under COVID-19 pandemic in China: An analysis based on the data of 526 households 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The COVID-19 pandemic had an enormous impact on the vegetable supply chain in China. Effective evaluation of the pandemic's influences on vegetable production is vital for policy settings to enhance the security of vegetable supply. Based on first-hand data from 526 households, we explored regional differences in different types of loss and potential factors affecting the severity farmer households suffered during the pandemic. The results underline that sales contraction and price volatility in the context of interruption of supply chain dominate the total losses during the pandemic. Such losses differ across provinces and are more substantial in provinces with stricter confinement measures. Farmer households' participation in local market and modern marketing methods helps mitigate the negative effects of the COVID-19 shock, while labor hiring and facilities adoption in production widen the losses due to the shortage in the workforce. In the future, the vegetable industry practitioners and relevant government departments should work together to coordinate the development of short and long supply chains and strengthen the stability and security of the vegetable supply chain. 相似文献
16.
The short- and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family farms in China – Evidence from a survey of 2 324 farms 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Family farms are considered the most desirable form of Chinese agriculture. Studies on the risk management of family farms are rare, while the COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to explore how family farms respond to risks. Based on an online survey of 2 324 family crop farms, we examine for the first time the short-term impact (immediate impact or short-term fluctuation, and farms' instantaneous response) and long-term impact (on farms' future or long-term production) of the COVID-19 pandemic on family farms' production and operation in rural China. By using factor analysis and dummy variable regression, we find that the severity of the pandemic, the lockdown of the village, and farmers' knowledge of the pandemic contribute significantly to the short-term impact, but not on the long-term impact. Farmers' characteristics such as gender, age, and education are not related to the short-term impact, but family farms with male owners or owners with high school education or below are more likely to be diversified and large-scale. The number of years the farm has existed for and agricultural insurance affect both short-term and long-term impacts. We suggest that the government needs to pay more attention to stability-enhancing policies, the market environment, vocational training and the agricultural insurance market. 相似文献
17.
Propelled by urbanization, rising incomes, and changing diets, food markets have been expanding in Africa and South Asia, creating the vast potential for job and income opportunities along food supply chains and, hence, for poverty reduction. The novel coronavirus(COVID-19) that spread to a pandemic in early 2020 provokes enormous setbacks to this expansion. This, however, should provide lessons regarding the importance of resilient and inclusive food systems. Emergency responses to COVID-19 should consider interventions towards that end and leverage the opportunities provided by food markets growth as economies recover from the present economic recession. This paper assesses options of how this could be done by facilitating the better functioning and interconnectedness of the many small and medium-sized enterprises that are proliferating along the "hidden middle" of food value chains in storage, logistics, transportation, and wholesale and retail distribution. It also explores how policies can help smallholder farmers connect to this "hidden middle" in more gainful ways and help them climb out of poverty as well. 相似文献
18.
《农业科学学报》2019,18(6):1402-1414
Using a logistic model, this paper empirically investigated farmers' perception of climate change and its determinants based on a field survey of 1 350 rural households across five major grain producing provinces in China. The results show: i) There is an apparent difference in perception levels for long-term temperature and precipitation changes. Specifically, 57.4% of farmers perceived the long-term temperature change correctly, but only 29.7% of farmers perceived the long-term precipitation change correctly; ii) The factors influencing the farmers' perceptions are almost completely different between precipitation and temperature, the former are mostly agriculture related, while latter are mostly non-agriculture related, except for farm size; and iii) Farmers are not expected to pay more attention to long-term precipitation changes over the crop growing seasons, because less than 30% of farmers can correctly perceive long-term precipitation change. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of farmers' perceptions of climate change, the government is recommended to: i) enhance education and training programs; ii) speed up land transfer and expand household land farm size; iii) develop farmer cooperative organizations; iv) invest more in agricultural infrastructure, specifically in major grain producing regions; and v) improve the agricultural environment and increase farming income. 相似文献
19.
农户人力资本投资与农村贫困关系的实证研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
考察了有关人力资本投资与农村贫困关系的文献,根据1990～2007年的时间序列数据,运用向量自回归模型及其方差分解实证,研究了农户人力资本投资与农村贫困之间的关系。结果表明,农户人力资本投资与农村贫困之间存在长期的均衡关系;教育投资和健康投资均对农村贫困有显著的缓解效益,而迁移投资对农村贫困的缓解并未产生显著影响;在引起贫困波动的因素中,短期内,教育投资对贫困波动的影响大于健康投资,但在长期,健康投资对贫困波动的影响大于教育投资。基于此,提出了相关对策建议：进一步加大教育和健康投资的力度,推行义务教育和社会保障体系,加大农村合作医疗统筹力度,完善农村养老保障制度,健全农村贫困人口的培训和技术推广体系。 相似文献