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1.
Genetic and Pathogenic Analyses of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates from Strawberry and Noncultivated Hosts 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ABSTRACT Colletotrichum crown rot of strawberry in Florida is caused primarily by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. To determine potential inoculum sources, isolates of Colletotrichum spp. from strawberry and various noncultivated plants growing in the areas adjacent to strawberry fields were collected from different sites. Species-specific internal transcribed spacer primers for C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum were used to identify isolates to species. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to determine genetic relationships among isolates recovered from noncultivated hosts and diseased strawberry plants. Selected isolates also were tested for pathogenicity on strawberry plants in the greenhouse. In all, 39 C. gloeosporioides and 3 C. acutatum isolates were recovered from diseased strawberry crowns, and 52 C. gloeosporioides and 1 C. acutatum isolate were recovered from noncultivated hosts. In crown inoculation tests, 18 of the 52 C. gloeosporioides isolates recovered from noncultivated hosts were pathogenic to strawberry. Phylogenetic analysis using RAPD marker data divided isolates of C. gloeosporioides from noncultivated hosts into two separate clusters. One cluster contained 50 of the 52 isolates and a second cluster contained 2 isolates that were homothallic in culture. Isolates from strawberry were interspersed within the cluster containing the 50 isolates that were recovered from noncultivated hosts. The results are not inconsistent with the hypothesis that C. gloeosporioides isolates obtained from strawberry and noncultivated hosts adjacent to strawberry fields are from the same population and that noncultivated hosts can serve as potential inoculum sources for Colletotrichum crown rot of strawberry. 相似文献
2.
我国草莓主栽区病毒种类的鉴定 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
病毒种类鉴定结果表明我国草莓主要栽培区存在草莓斑驳病毒、草莓轻型黄边病毒、草莓镶脉病毒和草莓皱缩病毒。四种病毒的总侵染株率达80.2%,其中单种病毒侵染株率为41.6%,两种或两种以上病毒复合侵染株率为38.6%。前三种病毒均为球状病毒,粒体直径分别为25-30nm、23nm和50nm;皱缩病毒为杆状病毒,大小为380×70nm。传染性试验的结果证实,草莓病毒可通过嫁接、菟丝子传染,但不能通过机械传染。桃蚜可传染斑驳病毒和轻型黄边病毒,其传毒关系前者为非持久性后者为持久性。田间桃蚜蚜虫口密度高峰期与草莓病毒侵染盛期相吻合。 相似文献
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Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia spp. are the most important soilborne pathogens of the strawberry crop that cause seriously reduced yields. Various methods are being used to determine pathogenicity of these fungi isolated from strawberry; however, they take a long time to grow strawberry plants. They also encounter some problems to provide a large number of healthy plants for the pathogenicity tests. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a faster and more reliable pathogenicity test for soilborne fungal pathogens of strawberry by using the stolons of healthy strawberry plants. The stolon inoculation method was demonstrated to be easy and rapid for properly distinguishing soilborne fungal species of strawberry, whether pathogenic or non-pathogenic, and also for assessing the isolates for virulence. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causes a serious crown rot of strawberry and some isolates from native plants are pathogenic to strawberry. C. gloeosporioides from lesions on wild grape and oak were sampled at two sites adjacent to commercial strawberry fields in Florida and two distant sites. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker data and restriction enzyme digests of amplified rDNA were used to determine whether isolates were from the same C. gloeosporioides subgroup that infects strawberry. There were 17 to 24 native host isolates from each site that clustered with a group of strawberry crown isolates based on RAPD markers. Among strawberry isolates, there were two rDNA genotypes identified by restriction enzyme analysis. Both genotypes were present among native host isolates sampled from all four sites. There was some evidence that the different rDNA genotypes differentiated two closely related subpopulations, although the proportion of pathogenic isolates from native hosts among the two different genotypes was not different. The incidence of isolates pathogenic to strawberry was greater at sites close to strawberry fields relative to sites distant from strawberry fields for isolates with a BstUI(-)/MspI(+) rDNA genotype (44 versus 13%), a BstUI(+)/MspI(-) genotype (57 versus 16%), or when both genotypes were analyzed together (46 versus 15%). Based on these results, it appears that the C. gloeosporioides subgroup that causes crown rot on strawberry is widely distributed in Florida and that selection for pathogenicity on strawberry occurs in the area where this host is grown in abundance. 相似文献
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蝇蛆几丁低聚糖对草莓保鲜作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
两种蝇蛆几丁低聚糖对7种草莓病原菌的抑制作用，试验结果表明酶解几丁低聚糖的抑菌活性显著高于H2O2水解几丁低聚糖，质量浓度10g／ml时，它对草莓灰霉菌等6种病原菌有强烈的抑制作用，抑菌效果在80％以上，但对草莓白粉菌的抑制作用一般；H2O2水解几丁低聚糖对草莓灰霉菌等4种病原菌也有很好的抑制效果，对草莓黑霉病菌等3种病原菌的抑制作用较差。盆栽试验结果表明蝇蛆几丁低聚糖喷雾处理可以减少生长期草莓果实的发病率，处理后第3天即表现出一定的防病效果，处理后第6天防病效果最佳．处理后第9天，防病效果开始有所下降。涂膜处理试验结果表明，在常温下，10—20mg／ml几丁低聚糖溶液处理，可使草莓的保存期延长2—3天。 相似文献
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Eight strawberry genotypes known to differ in susceptibility to verticillium wilt were inoculated with eight isolates of Verticillium dahliae originally obtained from six different host crops: strawberry, potato, watermelon, mint, eggplant (aubergine) and cauliflower. Inoculation experiments were conducted in replicated field trials during two successive years. Known susceptible genotypes developed typical symptoms of verticillium wilt in both years. Although isolates manifested a wide range of aggressiveness, differences were significant only on the most susceptible strawberry genotype. Two isolates originating from strawberry were among the most aggressive of the eight tested, whereas the least aggressive isolate was obtained from cauliflower. Six strawberry genotypes that were regarded as resistant to verticillium wilt based on previous tests were also resistant in the present study, regardless of the isolate used. Overall, strawberry genotypes represented the largest source of variation in these experiments, with variance components approximately 10-fold greater than those associated with either isolate or the isolate × genotype interaction. The results suggest it should be possible to develop resistance to verticillium wilt in strawberry that is broadly effective against isolates of diverse host origin. 相似文献
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为明确黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)在草莓上的发生和危害情况,利用RT-PCR方法对不同产地的不同品种草莓种苗进行检测,并对CMV草莓分离物的部分核苷酸序列进行了分析。结果表明,CMV侵染草莓后产生的症状主要为植株不同部位的畸形、变色,但有些无明显症状的植株也可以检测出CMV。共检测了我国7个不同省市的220个草莓种苗样品,其中北京、云南、辽宁、河北、四川和陕西的草莓种苗样品中均可检出CMV,内蒙古的种苗中未检出CMV。检测的6个不同草莓品种均含CMV,但北京和内蒙古的‘红颜'种苗未检出CMV,云南的‘圣诞红'种苗CMV检出率仅为2.6%。利用RT-PCR技术扩增草莓种苗中CMV的特异性核苷酸片段并对PCR产物测序,得到包含部分外壳蛋白基因及3'端非编码区共430 bp的2个草莓分离物序列。获得的2个分离物序列的核苷酸序列同源性为90.97%,序列比对分析结果表明2个分离物分属于CMV不同亚组,其中北京草莓分离物Bjcmz归属于亚组IA,河北分离物Hbcmc归属于亚组IB。 相似文献
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为明确黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)在草莓上的发生和危害情况,利用RT-PCR方法对不同产地的不同品种草莓种苗进行检测,并对CMV草莓分离物的部分核苷酸序列进行了分析。结果表明,CMV侵染草莓后产生的症状主要为植株不同部位的畸形、变色,但有些无明显症状的植株也可以检测出CMV。共检测了我国7个不同省市的220个草莓种苗样品,其中北京、云南、辽宁、河北、四川和陕西的草莓种苗样品中均可检出CMV,内蒙古的种苗中未检出CMV。检测的6个不同草莓品种均含CMV,但北京和内蒙古的‘红颜'种苗未检出CMV,云南的‘圣诞红'种苗CMV检出率仅为2.6%。利用RT-PCR技术扩增草莓种苗中CMV的特异性核苷酸片段并对PCR产物测序,得到包含部分外壳蛋白基因及3'端非编码区共430 bp的2个草莓分离物序列。获得的2个分离物序列的核苷酸序列同源性为90.97%,序列比对分析结果表明2个分离物分属于CMV不同亚组,其中北京草莓分离物Bjcmz归属于亚组IA,河北分离物Hbcmc归属于亚组IB。 相似文献
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我国对草莓炭疽根腐病的重视程度亟待提高 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
草莓炭疽根腐病是近年来发生较为普遍和严重的草莓病害,但对该病害的认识不足甚至存在误区。本文介绍了草莓炭疽根腐病与草莓红中柱根腐病在症状表现、病原菌种类及用药策略上的不同,并指出了国内草莓炭疽病发生和危害的特点,勿将炭疽根腐病误认为是红中柱根腐病。 相似文献
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为明确公主岭霉素在草莓生产中的防病诱抗效应,于大田采用五点取样法调查公主岭霉素对草莓白粉病的防控效果及对植株生长性状的影响,并于室内采用生测法测定其对草莓叶片防御酶活性和根际土壤酶活性的影响。结果显示,以公主岭霉素水浸提液100倍稀释液进行灌根并协同叶面喷雾对草莓白粉病的预防效果为71.90%;单独叶面喷雾对草莓白粉病的治疗效果为69.90%;灌根协同叶面喷雾预防与叶面喷雾治疗的综合防控处理对草莓白粉病的防治效果可达85.37%。公主岭霉素水浸提液100倍稀释液灌根后草莓幼苗的株高、叶柄长、叶长、叶宽、叶数、径冠等方面均优于清水对照;叶面喷施可提升叶片中多酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性,喷雾后1 d内即较清水对照显著提高;5 d后过氧化氢酶活性显著高于清水对照。灌根后根际土壤中蔗糖酶的活性在用药后15 d内均显著高于清水对照。表明合理施用公主岭霉素可实现对草莓白粉病的有效防控,并诱导提升草莓植株的抗病性,改善草莓生长环境,促进其生长。 相似文献
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介体传播的草莓病毒研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
草莓病毒在世界各草莓栽培区广泛分布,可随无性繁殖材料和传毒介体传播扩散,严重影响草莓的产量和品质。目前已知传播草莓病毒的介体主要有蚜虫、蓟马、粉虱、线虫和真菌等,总共可传播19种病毒,其中2个为病毒暂定种。本文综述了不同介体传播的草莓病毒的分类地位、分子生物学和生物学特性等方面的研究进展,同时总结并展望了介体传播草莓病毒的检测技术和防治方法的新策略。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Anthracnose is one of the major fungal diseases of strawberry occurring worldwide. In Israel, the disease is caused primarily by the species Colletotrichum acutatum. The pathogen causes black spot on fruit, root necrosis, and crown rot resulting in mortality of transplants in the field. The host range and specificity of C. acutatum from strawberry was examined on pepper, eggplant, tomato, bean, and strawberry under greenhouse conditions. The fungus was recovered from all plant species over a 3-month period but caused disease symptoms only on strawberry. Epiphytic and endophytic (colonization) fungal growth in the different plant species was confirmed by reisolation from leaf tissues and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-specific primer amplification. C. acutatum was also isolated from healthy looking, asymptomatic plants of the weed genera Vicia and Conyza. Isolates that were recovered from the weeds caused disease symptoms on strawberry and were positively identified as C. acutatum by PCR. The habitation of a large number of plant species, including weeds, by C. acutatum suggests that, although it causes disease only on strawberry and anemone in Israel, this fungus can persist on many other plant species. Therefore, plants that are not considered hosts of C. acutatum may serve as a potential inoculum source for strawberry infection and permit survival of the pathogen between seasons. 相似文献
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草莓叶螨是影响北京地区草莓生产的重要害螨,本文对其进行了两种新型生物源农药(藜芦碱、多杀霉素)及化学农药(高效氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯)的防效对比研究。室内毒力测定结果表明:2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC和0.5%藜芦碱SL对朱砂叶螨毒力最高,其LC_(50)分别为2.54mg/L和4.18mg/L;其次是10%联苯菊酯EC和2.5%多杀霉素SC,其LC_(50)分别为13.16mg/L和84.51mg/L。田间试验结果表明:2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC和0.5%藜芦碱SL对草莓叶螨防控效果最好,施药7d后防治效果达80%以上,施药14d后防治效果达82%左右,施药28d后防治效果达84%左右,持效期较长。10%联苯菊酯EC和2.5%多杀霉SC素防控效果欠佳,施药7d后的防治效果为50%左右,具有一定的防治效果;但施药14、21及28d后害虫总数有增长趋势,未表现出持续的抑制效果。与对照区相比,各药剂均表现出对草莓叶螨具有一定的防控作用。高浓度2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC对草莓叶片有轻微药害,在生产中要严格控制其使用剂量;0.5%藜芦碱SL试验处理未对草莓及非靶标生物产生不良影响,安全无药害且防治效果好,在实际生产中具有良好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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啶酰菌胺在草莓和土壤中的残留及消解动态 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过两年两地的田间试验,采用分散固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用的分析方法,研究了50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂在草莓和土壤中的残留及消解动态,并探讨了不同农作物品种、环境气候条件对农药消解速率的可能影响。结果表明:在草莓中添加0.05、0.3和3 mg/kg的啶酰菌胺标准品时,其平均回收率为91%~121%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.8%~9.9%;在土壤中分别添加0.1、0.3和3 mg/kg的啶酰菌胺时,其平均回收率为91%~100%,RSD为5.4%~6.5%。草莓和土壤中啶酰菌胺的定量限分别为0.05和0.1 mg/kg。啶酰菌胺在草莓中的消解动态符合准一级动力学方程,半衰期为6.2~11.8 d,但在山东和北京土壤中的消解试验均未拟合出指数方程。试验表明,50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂以有效成分337.5 g/hm2的推荐高剂量分别施药3次,采收安全间隔期为3 d时,啶酰菌胺在草莓和土壤中的最大残留量分别为1.97及0.38 mg/kg,最终残留量符合残留要求,可以安全使用。 相似文献
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在沈阳,从表现丛枝症的草莓、春香和宝交早生品种上,分离到新发生的类菌原体(MLO)。用小叶嫁接法测定指示植物草莓EMC和UC-10均能表现出典型的丛枝症(witchetbroom),病叶变小,颜色变浅。将病叶经固定和包埋后,制成超薄切片,于电镜下观察,可见到在韧皮部组织内有大量球形、椭圆形及哑铃形,并具有单位膜结构的类菌原体。用四环素处理病株可减轻症状。 相似文献
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上海地区草莓炭疽病病原鉴定 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18
Seventeen isolates of strawberry anthracnose were obtained from Shanghai suburb. According to the temperature test for mycelial growth, these isolates were divided into two groups:one was strain CMf-04 with optimal temperature of 24℃, the other was including 16 strains with optimal temperature of 28℃, and most of which could produce sexual stage on PSA media, e.g. QPg-961. Conidia of CMf-04 were hyaline, unicellular, straight and fusiform, (12.1-16.4) μm×(3.6-5.4) μm. Conidia of QPg-961 were hyaline, unicellular and ovoid to oblong, (13.0-19.7)μm×(4.1-7.3) μm. On basis of morphologcal, biological characteristics and the sequences of ribosome rDNA ITS, isolate CMf-04 from the strawberry rotten fruits was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum; while all the other isolates from the diseased leaf stalks, runners and root crowns at strawberry plantlet propagation stage were belonged to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. It proved that C. gloeosporioides was the main pathogen of the strawberry anthracnose in summer strawberry propagation fields in Shanghai and it is of significance for the breeding of resistant strawberry and its control. 相似文献
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本文集成、应用大棚草莓天敌治虫、熊蜂授粉技术以减少化学农药使用量,降低农药残留,提高草莓品质。在大棚草莓上,以常规管理作为对照,采用草莓害虫天敌和熊蜂授粉相结合的模式防治大棚草莓害虫、提高果实品质。研究表明,采用多种天敌联合防治技术起到了很好的防治效果,且控制效果持续时间更长。其中对叶螨的防治效果达到74.29%;对粉虱的防治效果达到59.38%;对蚜虫的防治效果达到61.03%。熊蜂授粉技术与人工授粉对比,草莓形状、果色,平均单果重、果实维生素C含量、固形物含量以及固酸比都显著提高,畸形果率显著降低。以上结果表明,多种天敌防治技术对虫害的发生起到了很好的防治效果,优于传统化学防治方式,降低了农药残留;熊蜂授粉技术显著提升了草莓品质、品相及单果重量。 相似文献