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为研究克氏原螯虾仿生态繁殖池的布草技术,采用栽植品种相同、面积不同的水草和品种不同、面积相同的水草两种方式进行仿生态繁殖试验。结果表明,土池中栽植不同面积的水草与亲虾的成熟度、抱卵量、抱卵率和存活率间均呈极显著相关(R>R0.01);当亲虾的放养量为150 kg/667 m2,水草栽植面积占池塘面积的40%时,亲虾的成熟度、抱卵量、抱卵率和存活率均达到最大值。混合栽植水草与栽植单一种类的水草之间,克氏原螯虾亲虾的成熟度差异极显著(P<0.01),抱卵量、抱卵率、存活率均差异显著(P<0.05)。混合栽植水草优于栽植单一种类的水草。 相似文献
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栖息环境对克氏原螯虾抱卵量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
6口池各放克氏原螯虾100尾,分别给予不同的栖息环境,对人工创造生态环境对克氏原螯虾抱卵量的影响进行了对比研究.结果认为池塘具备良好的土质洞穴环境可明显地提高克氏原螯虾的繁殖力. 相似文献
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按照正交试验设计原理,不考虑交互作用,选择L9(3～4)正交表,研究了亲虾规格、隐蔽物、光照度及放养密度4个因素对克氏原螯虾亲虾成活率、抱卵率、产卵量的影响,试验历时57d。研究结果表明,不同亲虾规格对抱卵量影响显著(P0.05),且规格为35～50g亲虾的平均抱卵量为489.8粒/尾,分别较25～30g、30～35g高20.8%、11.6%;不同隐蔽物种类对亲虾的成活率影响显著(P0.05),使用"水草+石棉瓦+砖块"作为隐蔽物,亲虾平均成活率为95.69%,分别较"水草+石棉瓦+PVC管"、"三角形栖息物"高9.6%、3.5%;光照度为50～500lx,亲虾的平均抱卵量为467.17粒/尾,高于其他两个光照度水平;放养密度为20尾/m2,亲虾的平均抱卵率为64.98%,高于其他两个密度水平。因此,亲虾规格为35～50g、隐蔽物种类为‘水草+石棉瓦+砖块’、光照度为50～500lx、放养密度为20尾/m2"组合有利于提高克氏原螯虾的繁殖效果。 相似文献
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克氏原螯虾苗种规模化繁育技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为解决克氏原螯虾苗种规模化供应短缺问题,以洪泽湖地区克氏原螯虾为研究对象,在研究、掌握本地区克氏原螯虾繁殖习性的基础上,设计并建设了由700 m2大棚产卵池和50 m2加温孵化温室及若干特制网箱组成的苗种规模化繁育设施.2007年9月分批次将16 443只成熟的克氏原螯虾亲虾放入大棚产卵池特制网箱,通过降低光照、微孔增氧、循环流水等措施,先后获得抱卵虾6 053只,平均抱卵率为45.7%;抱卵虾移入温室后,在控温、流水条件下孵化,获得了平均体长0.88 cm的稚虾76.9万尾,平均孵化率为81.1%. 相似文献
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克氏原螯虾的食性、繁殖和栖息习性研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
2005年2月～2006年4月对长江中下游地区的湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏和上海6省市克氏原螯虾的资源进行了调查和研究.结果表明,该虾昼伏夜出,白天隐藏在洞穴或水草丛中,晚上活动和觅食;尤其喜欢栖息在壤土与砂质土壤、水草较集中茂盛处、静水和缓流水体中,繁殖季节爱掘洞.年产卵1次,体长70～107mm的雌虾抱卵100～320粒.天然水域克氏原螯虾主要以马来眼子菜、金鱼藻、轮叶黑藻、高等植物碎片、菹草为食,不同生长阶段和不同地理区域,其主要食物存在一定差异. 相似文献
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为了优化克氏原螯虾人工诱导工厂化繁育的关键技术,利用玻璃缸和塑料温棚水泥池开展了克氏原螯虾人工诱导繁殖、抱卵虾孵化及幼苗对冬季低温条件耐受能力的研究。采用提前放养亲虾、强化培育、搭建三角形四隔层垒起隐蔽物、孵化网袋、培育丰年虫开口饵料及适时出苗等技术措施,进行了195 d的试验。试验结果,克氏原螯虾亲虾的培育成活率达73.59 %,抱卵率达76.11 %,平均每平方米育成体长1~2 cm的幼苗2 300尾,孵化后亲虾的成活率达93.7 %;克氏原螯虾雌雄亲本选自不同水域,对亲虾培育成活率的影响不显著(P＞0.05),但长江水系和淮河水系杂交组亲虾的抱卵率显著高于自交组(P＜0.05);体长1~2 cm和2~3 cm的克氏原螯虾幼苗拥有较强的耐低温能力,可以在室外水泥池、池塘等生境中安全越冬。 相似文献
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在室内,将体质量20~40g的克氏原螯虾饲养在50cm×40cm×40cm的水族箱中,投喂7种饲料:基础饲料(对照组,试验饲料1);基础饲料+0.5%维生素C+0.02%维生素E+8%高度不饱和脂肪酸(含6%秘鲁鱼油和2%大豆卵磷脂)(试验饲料2);基础饲料+0.5%维生素C+0.02%维生素E(试验饲料3);基础饲料+8%高度不饱和脂肪酸(试验饲料4);基础饲料+0.02%维生素E(试验饲料5);基础饲料+0.5%维生素C(试验饲料6);2#青虾全价颗粒饲料(粗蛋白≥30%)(试验饲料7),每组饲料设置3个重复,研究了在饲料中添加维生素C、E及高度不饱和脂肪酸对克氏原螯虾培育成活率、抱卵率、抱卵量及孵化率的影响。76d的繁育结果表明,7组试验饲料对克氏原螯虾亲虾的培育成活率影响不显著(P0.05)。试验饲料2组亲虾的抱卵率(75%)和孵化率(82.8%)最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。饲料2组、3组、5组、6组亲虾的相对抱卵量差异不明显(P0.05),显著高于饲料4组(仅添加高度不饱和脂肪酸)、1组(P0.05),添加维生素C、维生素E的饲料3组的亲虾相对抱卵量最高,亲虾平均抱卵18粒/g,仅添加高度不饱和脂肪酸的饲料4组,亲虾培育成活率及相对抱卵量较低。结果表明,维生素C、维生素E和高度不饱和脂肪酸具有交互作用,能提高克氏原螯虾的繁殖性能。 相似文献
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Two experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of three androgens applied through immersion treatments on the sex ratio of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fry. In experiment 1, 14 days post‐hatching (DPH) larvae were exposed to a single immersion treatment in 17α‐methyltestosterone (MT), 17α‐methyldihydrotestosterone (MDHT) or 17α‐ethynyltestosterone (ET) at 200, 600 and 1800 μg L?1 over 4 h (130 larvae per treatment). In experiment 2, Nile tilapia larvae were exposed to the higher androgen concentration (1800 μg L?1) applied as either a single immersion (14 DPH) or double immersion (10 and 14 DPH) over 4 h (125 larvae per treatment). Change in sex proportion within each experiment as well as between experiments was analysed by the chi‐square test. In experiment 1, MT, MDHT and ET were equally effective in significantly increasing the proportion of males when applied at 1800 μg L?1 (86.0%, 90.0% and 86.7% respectively). At 200 μg L?1 none of the androgens altered sex ratio. At 600 μg L?1, only MDHT slightly, but significantly skewed the sex ratio towards males (73.0%). In experiment 2, a single immersion treatment at 14 DPH (1800 μg L?1) significantly increased the proportion of males, but at this time the response was significantly hormone dependent (MDHT, 100.0%; MT, 91.6%; ET, 76.9%). When compared with a single immersion, two‐immersion treatments significantly increased the proportion of males in the MT‐treated group (from 91.6% to 98.3%), decreased the proportion of males in the MDHT group (from 100.0% to 93.4%) and had no significant effect the ET‐treated group (change from 76.9% to 82.5%). The overall comparison of the sex ratio among same treatments from different experiments (a single immersion in 1800 μg L?1) was not significantly different. 相似文献
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A. GERARD Y. NACIRI C. NOIRET C. LEDU J.-M. PEIGNON P. PHELIPOT 《Aquaculture Research》1994,25(8):769-779
Abstract. For the first time, effective treatments using cytochalasin B were developed to induce triploidy in the European clam, Ruditapes decussatus (L.). The percentage of triploid embryos was assessed by karyological or image analysis. Two treatments (0·5 or 1 mg of cytochatasin B (CB) per ml of dimethyisulfoxide in 1 litre of sea water) were applied at different times after fertilization (10 to 25min), for two different periods (15 and 20min). Best results were obtained for a CB concentration of 1 mg/1. When treatment was applied 15min after fertilization for a 20min period, 94% and 95% of triploid embyros were obtained in two repeated experiments. At metamorphosis, the treated larvae appeared to be no smaller than the control larvae in all experiments. However, in general, significantly higher mortalities for CB-treated batches were found when compared with the untreated batch. 相似文献
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采用十二烷基肌氨酸钠法提取哈氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)SpGY020601株的外膜蛋白(OMPC),采用酚水法提取溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)EpGS021001株的脂多糖(LPS).通过碳化二亚铵(EDC)介导的缩合反应,将哈氏弧菌的OMPC与溶藻弧菌的LPS偶联.OMPC-LPS偶联物、未偶联的哈氏弧菌OMPC、溶藻弧菌LPS、哈氏弧菌OMPC和溶藻弧菌LPS的简单混合物以及生理盐水按相同程序免疫卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus cvatus).检测血清溶菌酶活性、血清抗体微量凝集反应结果显示,卵型鲳鲹经OMPC-LPS偶联物、OMPC、LPS以及二者的简单混合物免疫后,各免疫组间血清溶菌酶活性没有显著差异(P＞0.05),但均显著高于生理盐水对照组(P＜0.05);OMPC-LPS偶联物免疫组的血清抗溶藻弧菌EpGS021001抗体效价较单纯溶藻弧菌LPS免疫组、简单混合物免疫组出现得早,抗体滴度高;与此类似,OMPC-LPS偶联组中抗哈氏弧菌SpGY020601的血清抗体效价较单纯哈氏弧菌OMPC组、简单混合组出现得早,抗体滴度高,且持续时间长;对EpGS021001、SpGY020601的攻击,OMPC-LPS偶联物免疫组的保护率分别为85%和95%,高于单纯溶藻弧菌LPS免疫组的70%、单纯哈氏弧菌OMPC免疫组的75%,也高于简单混合物免疫组的80%和82.5%. 相似文献
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3种微生物制剂调控工厂化对虾养殖水质的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
研究了地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis,BL)、荚膜红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas capsulate,RC)和乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillusspp.,LB)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)工厂化养殖水质的影响。结果表明,施用不同微生物制剂组合,其作用效果各不相同。各组微生物制剂均能降低水体中氨氮,地衣芽孢杆菌 荚膜红假单胞菌(G1)组、地衣芽孢杆菌 荚膜红假单胞菌(G2)和地衣芽孢杆菌 乳酸杆菌(G3)组NH4 的相对降解率为62%、63%和65%;前21d,G2组降低NH4 效果最明显,相对降解率为79%。在降低NO2-方面,G1组的效果较好,相对降解率为46%;但各处理组对于PO34-、COD均无显著效果。相对而言,G1组改善养殖水质的效果最好。实验中微生物制剂的不同施用频率对水质的净化没有明显的差别。各项水质指标均随养殖时间的推移呈现不断上升的趋势。 相似文献
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利用长200m、宽5．2m、高4．5m的山洞,在6m^2和0．48m^2的养殖池中用石板材和鹅卵石搭设人工洞穴,以人工养殖的Ⅴ-Ⅶ龄的子二代大鲵作为亲体开展人工繁殖研究。亲鲵培育水温19．0～20．5℃,pH7．2—7．3,DO5．8～7．4mg／L,光照〈300Lux;催产选择在7月上旬进行。激素选用LRH-A2＋HCG,剂量LRH—A2 10-20ug／kg＋HCG1000～2000IU／kg,雌雄同剂量。一次性腹腔注射;受精卵孵化温度18～18．5℃,pH7．2～7．3,DO6．0—8．0mg／L,光照〈100Lux。2010年7月催产雌鲵26尾,雄鲵24尾,催产后第4d,4尾雌鲵产卵3800粒,获受精卵962粒,受精率25．32％。受精卵经35—38d的孵化,共孵出稚鲵172尾,孵化率为17．88％。 相似文献
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Virulence of a chimeric recombinant infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus expressing the spring viraemia of carp virus glycoprotein in salmonid and cyprinid fish 
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下载免费PDF全文 E J Emmenegger S Biacchesi E Mérour J A Glenn A D Palmer M Brémont G Kurath 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(1):67-78
Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) are both rhabdoviruses of fish, listed as notifiable disease agents by the World Organization for Animal Health. Recombinant rhabdoviruses with heterologous gene substitutions have been engineered to study genetic determinants and assess the potential of these recombinant viruses for vaccine development. A recombinant IHNV (rIHNV), containing the full‐length genome of a European IHNV strain, was modified by deleting the glycoprotein (G) gene and replacing it with a European SVCV G‐gene to make the rIHNV‐Gsvcv. The chimeric rIHNV‐Gsvcv level of virulence in rainbow trout, common carp and koi was assessed, and its ability to induce a protective immune response in surviving koi against wild‐type SVCV infection was tested. The rIHNV‐Gsvcv infection of trout led to high mortality, ranging from 78% to 92.5%, after immersion. In contrast, no deaths occurred in juvenile common carp after infection with rIHNV‐Gsvcv by either immersion or intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Similarly, koi infected with rIHNV‐Gsvcv via IP injection had little to no mortality (≤9%). Koi that survived initial infection with a high dose of recombinant virus rIHNV‐Gsvcv were protected against a virulent SVCV challenge resulting in a high relative per cent survival of 82.5%. 相似文献
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Soy protein concentrate as a substitute for fish meal in diets for juvenile Acanthopagrus schlegelii: effects on growth,phosphorus discharge and digestive enzyme activity 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Hameeda Kalhoro Jing Zhou Ying Hua Wing‐Keong Ng Lian Ye Jinzhi Zhang Qingjun Shao 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):1896-1906
The current high demand and cost of fish meal (FM) necessities the evaluation of alternative plant protein ingredients in diets of farmed marine fish. A 56‐day feeding trial was performed to study the effects of replacement of FM with soy protein concentrate (SPC) in diets of Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Diets were prepared at levels of 0%, 30%, 47.5%, 65%, 82.5% and 100% SPC, respectively, replacing FM. The results indicated no significant differences (p > .05) in % weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate of fish fed S30% to S82.5% diets compared with the control diet while, further inclusion at 100% significantly depressed growth performance. SPC inclusion and phytase supplementation significantly affected the phosphorous discharge (P‐load) showing lowest value (3.83 ± 0.53 g/kg WG) in S100% compared to control (14.79 ± 0.37 g/kg WG) and in fish fed S30% diet (13.24 ± 0.89 g/kg WG) (p < .05). The results of this study showed that FM could be substituted up to 82.5% by SPC in the diet of Acanthopagrus schlegelii fingerlings (5.53 ± 0.12 g) without any adverse effects. Phytase supplementation SPC based diets could be effective in reducing the phosphorus load in the aquatic culture environment. 相似文献
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Effect of temperature and feed ration on energy utilization in large rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T. MÄKINEN 《Aquaculture Research》1994,25(2):213-232
Abstract In one experiment, temperature and feed ration were varied for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with an initial size of about 1200g. In two experiments the feed ration was varied between parallel tanks, with naturally fluctuating ambient temperatures, and containing rainbow trout with an initial size of about 1000g and 400–550g, respectively. Growth and feed efficiency were measured in all experiments. An ad libitum feed ration without wastage produced the most effective energy utilization in most experimental groups. At best an average of 50% of the gross energy was utilized for growth. The relation between growth rate and feed ration was linear, and there was no optimum point for feeding below this level. The observed intake of energy is compared with growth, measurements of digestibility, feeding and starving metabolism. It is also linked to earlier observations of intake by rainbow trout fingerlings to give equations expressing the energy needs of rainbow trout of different sizes (30–1500g). These are intended to be used for efficient rearing at different temperatures (10–22°C). 相似文献
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- 1. Even though the fragility and vulnerability of subterranean ecosystems (caves, groundwater and hyporheic habitats) is widely acknowledged, the impacts of human disturbances have been poorly quantified when compared with surface waters. In particular, limited data exist regarding the impact of organic pollution upon aquatic cave invertebrate communities.
- 2. The Peak–Speedwell Cavern system (Derbyshire, UK) was affected by two organic pollution events, during a 7‐year study (1997–2003), originating from the same source in the surface catchment but resulting in markedly different ecological responses. The first event led to the elimination of most taxa from affected sites while the second resulted in an increase in abundance of organisms within the cave associated with the increased availability of trophic resources. The second event also coincided with the invasion of the stygophilic amphipod, Gammarus pulex, at a site where it had not previously been recorded.
- 3. Recovery of the invertebrate community following both organic pollution events occurred within 12 months. Recolonization of the affected sites was facilitated by annual flooding of the cave and by the presence of refugia on unaffected subterranean tributaries.
- 4. The data highlight the problems associated with the conservation and management of subterranean ecosystems where impacts in distant surface catchments may have unseen repercussions for the subterranean environment. Aquatic subterranean habitats are not widely monitored and the impacts of pollution/disturbance may not be detected in surface waters for some time, if at all, owing to dilution effects. Caves supporting obligate subterranean organisms (stygobites) are particularly vulnerable to these pressures and require clear management strategies to protect both the subterranean and surface catchments which support them.
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A. S. Mahious F. J. Gatesoupe M. Hervi R. Metailler F. Ollevier 《Aquaculture International》2006,14(3):219-229
Preliminary experiments were undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary inulin (Raftiline ST), oligofructose (Raftilose P95) and lactosucrose on the growth and intestinal bacteria of the marine carnivorous turbot, Psetta maxima. Turbot larvae were weaned on compound diets containing 2% Rafiline ST, 2% Raftilose P95 or 2% lactosucrose; 2% cellulose was the carbon source in the control group. The final mean weight of the group weaned with Raftilose P95 was significantly higher than those observed with the other diets. The bacterial load was highly variable in weaning turbot, especially with respect to the putative Vibrio spp. growing on TCBS agar which, in general, seemed to be dominant. Of the total load of bacterial isolates from turbot weaned on oligofructose, 14% consisted of a strain of Bacillus spp. This strain could use Raftilose P95 as a single source of carbon, and it might play a role in the beneficial effect of oligofructose on turbot growth, since Bacillus spp. have been documented as probiotics in fish. 相似文献