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1.
大豆食心虫性信息素多元组分诱芯的田间引诱活性 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为探索对大豆食心虫具有更高诱捕能力的性引诱剂配方,系统研究了大豆食心虫性信息素合成化合物多元组分配方对大豆食心虫雄蛾的田间引诱活性。结果表明:一定配比的、由E10-12:Ac、E8,E10-12:Ald、E8-12:OH、E8-12:Ald、Z9-14:Ac或14:Ac与E8,E10-12:Ac组成的三元、四元及五元组分配方对大豆食心虫雄蛾的引诱活性均优于标准对照诱芯。其中,E8,E10-12:Ac与E10-12:Ac、E8-12:OH、E8,E10-12:Ald组成的四元混配诱芯对大豆食心虫的田间引诱活性显著高于标准对照诱芯,可考虑用作为防控我国大豆食心虫的新型性引诱剂。 相似文献
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为深入了解小地老虎性信息素通讯系统,利用风洞技术测定了小地老虎雄蛾对性信息素各组分及其不同组合的行为反应.结果表明,5种单一组分Z7-12:Ac(A)、Z9-14:Ac(B)、Z11-16:Ac(C)、Z5-10:Ac(D)、Z8-12:Ac(E)只能引起雄蛾兴奋,均不能引起雄蛾向性信息素源定向飞行;当性信息素释放源为二元混合物AB时,能引起15.71%的雄蛾完成从兴奋到搜索释放源,并表现出预交尾的完整行为反应;在同等使用剂量下,三元混合物ABC的引诱效果最好,有40.58%的雄蛾能搜索释放源,26.15%的雄蛾表现预交尾行为.三元混合物ABC在最佳比例(3:1:1)下,制成不同剂量的诱芯进行风洞试验,结果发现剂量为100μg时雄蛾反应最强烈,有29.87%的雄蛾表现预交尾行为,50μg次之,二者间差异不显著(P≥0.05). 相似文献
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棉铃虫性信息素已普遍用于种群测报和防治，但其效果在不同地区不尽一致。为探讨这种不稳定性产生的原因，我们对黄河流域、长江流域及新疆地区不同地理种群棉铃虫的性信息素通讯系统进行了比较分析。就雌蛾性信息素的产生而言，连续两年的测定结果表明，性信息素腺体中2个主要组分（Z11-16：Ald和Z9-16：Ald）的含量在不同种群间变化较大，而两者间的相对比例（Z11/Z9）虽然个别种群有显著差异但幅度很小，总体被控制在狭窄的范围（97：3~92：8）；对同一地区的不同年份间进行比较，也得到了类似结果。就雄蛾对性信息素的反应，我们根据雌蛾腺体及田间常用诱芯中的Z11/Z9比例，配制99：1~90：10共4个不同比例的诱芯，在河南安阳、山东惠民和新疆昌吉进行了田间雄蛾诱捕试验。结果发现，在安阳和惠民其诱蛾量在不同比例的诱芯间无显著差异，而在昌吉地区的诱蛾量随Z11/Z9比例的降低而增高，且99：10比例的诱芯显著高于99：1的诱芯，表明新疆地区雄蛾对Z11/Z9感受的最佳比例范围更窄，且偏向于低的Z11/Z9比例。分析认为，新疆和内地棉铃虫种群在性信息素通讯系统间存在一定的差异，而内地不同种群间基本一致。研究结果为开发和使用区域针对性的棉铃虫性信息素诱芯提供了重要参考。 相似文献
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本文在风洞中模拟形成高浓度性信息素Z7-12:Ac、Z9-14:Ac和 Z11-16:Ac 环境,研究草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)的求偶和交配行为,为进一步开发交配干扰技术提供技术参数和依据。研究结果表明,在高剂量性信息素环境下,草地贪夜蛾雄蛾的暗期活动时间延后,而雌蛾的活动节律则没有变化,雌雄蛾之间产生了活动节律的时间差。同时,雌雄交配率和交配持续时间显著下降,交配日龄则显著延迟2 d。由于交配日龄延迟,产卵量及其孵化率也相应降低。性信息素喷射时间间隔对草地贪夜蛾性信息素释放滴度有显著影响,当间隔时间为5、10、20 min时,雌蛾释放的性信息素滴度显著下降,以5 min为最低。因此,高剂量性信息素环境不仅影响雄蛾对性信息素的定向,对雌雄蛾间化学通讯和交配也有显著影响。 相似文献
7.
几种因素对斜纹夜蛾性信息素诱捕效果的影响 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
采用田间诱集效果测定,就不同来源诱芯、诱捕器不同置放高度、不同类型诱捕器、诱芯不同储藏期等因素对信息素诱集斜纹夜蛾数量以及时序动态的影响进行了研究,以探讨蔬菜害虫斜纹夜蛾性信息素应用的关键技术。结果表明:3种不同来源的斜纹夜蛾性诱剂诱捕效果无显著差异;斜纹夜蛾性信息素置放高度依据不同寄主田间生长高度,以1～1.5m效果较好;3种诱捕器诱集效果相当,诱集代次清晰、峰谷明显,均可作为斜纹夜蛾性信息素配套的诱捕器;斜纹夜蛾橡皮塞诱芯置放冰箱贮藏1年或2年,诱蛾活性显著下降,诱蛾量下降60%以上。 相似文献
8.
不同性诱剂对鲜食玉米田草地贪夜蛾的诱捕效果及影响因子研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过研究诱捕器-性诱芯组合的诱集效果,及诱捕器悬挂高度、排列间距等空间分布因素对鲜食玉米田草地贪夜蛾诱捕效果的影响,明确草地贪夜蛾性诱装置最佳使用方案,为使用性信息素进行草地贪夜蛾的种群监测和防控提供技术支持。选用3种性诱芯和3种诱捕器进行配对组合,进行田间诱捕效果比较试验;使用BLB性诱芯和专用诱捕器组合进行4个诱捕器悬挂高度和3个排列间距诱捕试验,并进行草地贪夜蛾成虫种群本地周年发生动态监测。结果表明:9个组合中BLB性诱芯和专用诱捕器组合诱捕效果最好;3种诱芯平均诱蛾量无显著差异;3种诱捕器中专用诱捕器诱捕效果最佳,飞蛾通用诱捕器诱捕效果最差。4个诱捕器悬挂高度在玉米拔节期时诱蛾量无显著差异,抽雄后2.2 m处理诱蛾量显著高于其他处理。诱捕器排列间距30 m处理的诱蛾量显著高于20 m和25 m的,但3个间距处理间田间草地贪夜蛾幼虫为害株率无显著差异。性诱监测发现,2020年5月中旬、6月下旬、7月下旬、9月上旬和10月中旬为成虫高峰期。草地贪夜蛾专用诱捕器搭配BLB性诱芯具有最佳诱捕效果,田间最优悬挂高度应高于玉米植株,诱捕器田间设置间距以30 m为宜。性诱适用于草地贪夜蛾的种群监测,并可作为害虫防治时的辅助手段。 相似文献
9.
大豆食心虫性信息素的化学结构触角电位及田间诱蛾效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,证明反-8,反-10-十二碳二烯醇醋酸(B)是大豆食心虫[Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.)]性信息素的组分。通过触角电位(EAG)测试,发现反-10-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯(A)、B和反-7,顺-9-十二碳二烯醇醋酸酯(C)对该虫雄蛾触角有强烈刺激作用。大量田间诱蛾试验表明,由A和B两化合物组成的性引诱剂,对该虫雄蛾有很高的引诱活性。其中A和B按5:2混合,剂量50μg/诱捕盆,单盆每日最多诱捕雄蛾达776头,诱捕雄蛾总数是1头活雌蛾的16.8倍。顺-10-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯(D)和反-10-十四碳烯醇醋酸酯(E)降低AB的引诱活性,甘油作为缓释剂,能延长诱芯的有效期,即诱蛾活性。上述结果表明,我国大豆食心虫性信息素不同于日本大豆食心虫性信息素。小面积防治应用试验效果明显。 相似文献
10.
大豆食心虫性信息素的化学结构触角电位及田间诱蛾效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,证明反-8,反-10-十二碳二烯醇醋酸(B)是大豆食心虫[Leguminivora glycinivorella(Mats.)]性信息素的组分。通过触角电位(EAG)测试,发现反-10-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯(A)、B 和反-7,顺-9-十二碳二烯醇醋酸酯(C)对该虫雄蛾触角有强烈刺激作用。大量田间诱蛾试验表明,由 A 和 B 两化合物组成的性引诱剂,对该虫雄蛾有很高的引诱活性。其中 A 和 B 按5∶2混合,剂量50μg/诱捕盆,单盆每日最多诱捕雄蛾达776头,诱捕雄蛾总数是1头活雌蛾的16.8倍。顺-10-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯(D)和反-10-十四碳烯醇醋酸酯(E)降低 AB 的引诱活性,甘油作为缓释剂,能延长诱芯的有效期,即诱蛾活性。上述结果表明,我国大豆食心虫性信息素不同于日本大豆食心虫性信息素。小面积防治应用试验效果明显。 相似文献
11.
M. Kehat A. Eitam D. Blumberg E. Dunkelblum L. Anshelevich Devora Gordon 《Phytoparasitica》1992,20(2):99-106
Field tests were carried out to determine whether pheromone traps, baited with (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9,E12-14:Ac) impregnated in rubber septa (Maavit, Israel), could provide a reliable tool for monitoring the raisin moth,Cadra figulilella (Gregson), in date palm plantations. No significant differences were detected between captures of males in traps baited with 1 or 10 mg pheromone/dispenser. However, traps baited with 1 mg pheromone captured significantly more males than those baited with 0.1 mg pheromone/dispenser. No differences were found between captures of males in traps hung at a height of 8 m (near the bunches) or 2–3 m (on palm trunks). Two peaks of male capture were detected, one in May-June and the other during September-October (ripening period). Results indicate a positive relationship between captures in traps and infestation levels by larvae. Pheromone traps baited with 1 mg Z9,E12–14:Ac impregnated in rubber septa and hung on palm trunks (at a height of 2–3 m), were very useful for monitoringC. figulilella populations and for determining the accurate timing of insecticide applications. 相似文献
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Two types of olfactory hairs and three types of olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) have been characterized on the antennae of male Sesamia nonagrioides Lef for the first time. Type A sensilla housed a cell which fired large spikes in response to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac), the major component of the sex pheromone, and a second cell firing smaller spikes in response to (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), a minor component of the pheromone blend. Type B sensilla housed one cell firing large spikes to Z11-16:Ac and a cell firing smaller spikes to another minor component of the pheromone blend, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl alcohol (Z11-16:OH). No cell responding to dodecyl acetate, another minor component of the natural extract, was found. Fluorinated ketones were tested as inhibitors of the cell responses to pheromone compounds. The fluorinated derivatives tested, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Z11-16:TFMK), n-hexadecyl trifluoromethyl ketone (16:TFMK), (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Z9,E11-14:TFMK), 3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (OTFP), (Z)-11-tetradecenyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Z11-11:TFMK) and 1,1-difluoro-(Z)-11-hexadecenyl methyl ketone (Z11-16:DFMK), had no or only weak excitatory effects. However, the neuron responses to the pheromone compounds were significantly decreased in the presence of a constant stimulation with Z11-16:TFMK and the effect was reversible. The latencies of the responses to the acetate and aldehyde cells were significantly increased. The effects were not specific, since Z11-16:TFMK also inhibited the responses of the ORNs of Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. Correspondingly, Z9,E11-14:TFMK, an analogue of the main component of the pheromone of this latter insect, inhibited responses of S nonagrioides ORNs. Implications of these results on the utilization of Z11-16:TFMK as a communication disruptant are discussed. 相似文献
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银锭夜蛾Macdunnoughia crassisigna Warren是豆类作物和十字花科蔬菜上重要的食叶性害虫。因其具有暴食性，迁飞性等特点，逐渐成为东北、华北地区重要的农业害虫。由于缺乏有效的绿色防控技术，目前化学农药仍是防控银锭夜蛾有效的方法之一。为提高银锭夜蛾的防治效果，以银锭夜蛾性信息素主要成分顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯（Z7-12：Ac）、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯（Z9-14：Ac）为母体结构，通过酯化反应得到结构新颖的类似物14个，结构经GC-MS、1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS确证。触角电生理试验（EAG）表明，有11个类似物具有较好的EAG反应。EAG抑制试验发现，类似物4、13和14具有明显的抑制效果。在100 μg剂量下，类似物4对Z7-12：Ac的抑制率达50.2%。风洞试验表明，当添加1500 μg的类似物4时，对银锭夜蛾的干扰尤为显著，没有成虫到达诱芯。田间试验表明，类似物4具有潜在的抑制活性，当添加150、1500 μg的类似物4时，平均诱捕量与性信息素存在显著性差异，抑制率分别为56.90%、59.34%。研究结果有助于揭示性信息素拮抗剂对银锭夜蛾种内化学通讯调控方式，为银锭夜蛾绿色防控技术提供新的思路与手段。 相似文献
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P. Trematerra 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1994,67(4):74-77
The possibility of controlling ofEphestia kuebniella Zell. by mass-trapping, mating-disruption and attracticide method was investigated in Northern Italy from 1986 to 1992.Considerable progress has been made in these years in controlling of mediterranean flour moth with sex pheromone (Z9E12-14Ac or TDA). The utilization of synthetic pheromone could lead to a drastic reduction of chemical treatments with consequent economic and qualitative advantages, protecting goods from residual products noxious to consumers and improving the image of the firm. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: The behavioural response of both sexes of codling moth, Cydia pomonella to the pear-derived kairomone (ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate), codling moth sex pheromone (E,E-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol), and sex pheromone combined with the pear derived kairomone loaded into red rubber septum were investigated in trapping experiments in New Zealand apple orchards. A range of 0.01-10.0 mg of pheromone loading in rubber septum dispensers was tested and the highest catch of males was in traps baited with 1.0 mg. No dose response in trap catch of males was seen in traps baited with different amounts of pear-derived kairomone (0.01-10.0 mg). RESULTS: The number of females caught was significantly affected by the amount of pear derived kairomone used to bait traps, with the highest catch obtained at 10 mg loading. The attractiveness of sex pheromone was not enhanced by the addition of the kairomone either when used in the same bait or in a separate bait. The mean number of males captured in traps was reduced by 44% when the pheromone and kairomone were combined at ratio of 1:1 (0.1 mg pheromone: 0.1 mg kairomone) in separate sources. CONCLUSION: Kairomone baited traps showed some potential for monitoring the flight activity of female C. pomonella in apple orchards in two locations (Canterbury and Hawke's Bay). However, the number of male moths caught was low as compared to the number of male moths caught in pheromone-baited traps, and therefore the sex pheromone should continue to be used for monitoring male activity. 相似文献
16.
Shoshana Yathom 《Phytoparasitica》1986,14(4):313-318
The potato tuber moth (PTM),Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is a pest of solanaceous plants. In Israel it damages mainly potatoes, and tomatoes grown for processing. The PTM favors high temperatures and drought. Under these conditions its development period is short, resulting in overlapping generations and high populations in mid-summer. A phenological study, based on the use of the female sex pheromone, showed that moth flight occurred throughout the year. Large populations of the PTM were present only during the hot season. Populations were highest in the semi-arid Negev, where potatoes are grown on a large scale during two seasons of the year; in other areas, PTM populations were much lower. 相似文献
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Orkun B. Kovanci James F. Walgenbach George G. Kennedy Coby Schal 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(4):334-342
The efficacy of microencapsulated sprayable pheromone was evaluated at different application rates and intervals for mating
disruption of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta (Busck), in apple orchards during 2002. The following treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with
three replications: (i) a low rate of pheromone (6.2 g a.i. ha−1) applied at 14-day intervals, (ii) a medium rate of pheromone (12.4 g a.i. ha−1) applied at 28-day intervals, (iii) a high rate of pheromone (24.7 g a.i. ha−1) applied at 28- day intervals, and (iv) a non-pheromone control (insecticides only). The combination of a single insecticide
application against first generationG. molesta at petal fall with one pheromone application each for the second, third and fourth generations at 12.4–24.7 g a.i. ha−1 successfully controlled low populations. Pheromone-treated blocks. had significantly lower trap catches than those in the
insecticide-treated control blocks. Among pheromone treatments, significantly more moths were caught in the 6.2 g compared
with the 12.4 and 24.7 g rates. Fruit damage was <1% at harvest and there were no significant differences among treatments.
Low rate frequent applications of sprayable formulation appeared to be effective under low pest pressure but efficacy declined
with increasing populations. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach under higher pest
pressure.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 13, 2005. 相似文献