共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 72 毫秒
1.
蔗扁蛾在中国的适生性分布研究初报 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文根据蔗扁蛾生物学及生态学特性的研究,利用地理信息系统Arc View 3.2分析预测了该虫在中国的可能适生分布范围.结果表明,蔗扁蛾在中国可能的最适宜分布范围大体在16.5～27.9°N,97.8～119.7°E,涉及华南、西南地区的7个省(自治区)的79个县(市或地区);潜在适宜分布范围大体在22.9～37.1°N,91.1～122.7°E范围内,涉及华东、华南、西南、华中、西北、华北共19个省(自治区、直辖市)的240个县(市或地区). 相似文献
2.
3.
基于MaxEnt模型预测红火蚁在中国的适生区 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《植物检疫》2019,(6)
作为极具破坏性和攻击性的有害生物,红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta Buren)近年来在中国扩散迅速,严重威胁入侵地生物多样性和人类生产生活,为探究红火蚁在我国的适生区范围,本文基于315个分布数据和气候、高程、土地利用等环境因子,通过调用ENMeval数据包调整MaxEnt模型参数,对红火蚁在中国的适生范围进行了预测,并通过受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)对模型精度进行验证。结果表明,训练数据的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.917,测试数据的AUC为0.909,模型预测结果较准确。红火蚁在中国的适生区范围为18.10°N～32.29°N、92.40°E～122.22°E,且集中于广东省、广西壮族自治区、海南省、云南省、福建省、台湾地区等省份。最冷季度平均温度(bio11)是影响红火蚁在中国适生分布的最重要环境因子。这为政府和地方组织加强红火蚁防控管理提供了一定的科学依据。 相似文献
4.
基于CLIMEX的橘实锤腹实蝇在中国的适生性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
橘实锤腹实蝇(Monacrostichus citricola Bezzi)隶属双翅目实蝇科寡鬃实蝇亚科,分布于马来西亚、菲律宾、泰国,是我国植物检疫性有害生物之一,危害柑橘类植物。本研究综合运用CLIMEX3.0软件与ArcGIS9.3软件对橘实锤腹实蝇在我国目前以及未来的潜在地理分布进行了研究。结果显示:目前气候条件下,橘实锤腹实蝇在我国的适生区主要分布在16.544°N～32.422°N之间;其中,高度适生区分布在16.5°N～28°N之间,占全国面积的7.53%,分布于海南、广东和广西南部的大部分地区、云南东南部以及四川盆地等地区;非适生区则占70.90%,主要分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、北京、天津、河南、山东、山西、内蒙、宁夏、青海、甘肃、新疆、西藏等省(自治区)。基于中国未来气候的预测结果显示,2020年,适生范围北界向北移至33.408°N,高度适生区范围北界向北移至32.867°N,高度适生范围占9.76%;2050年,适生范围较2020年相比没有变化,但高度适生区北界移至33.068°N,非适生区面积降至65.74%,高度适生区达到10.76%;而至2100年,适生范围南北界均向北移动,变为18.25°N～37.925°N之间,高度适生区则因为气候的进一步变化下降至5.68%,高度适生区开始因为该实蝇对环境进一步变化的不适应逐渐较少。鉴于橘实锤腹实蝇在我国的适生性研究结果,建议采取相应有效的防控策略,加强橘实锤腹实蝇检疫措施,完善监测体系,严防该虫的入侵和扩散。 相似文献
5.
北非撒哈拉是世界第一大沙漠 ,中国的塔克拉玛干沙漠为世界第二大流动沙漠。撒哈拉是非洲语“大荒漠”之意 ,面积 8× 10 6km2 ,囊括了北非的大部分国家和 85 %以上的面积 ,除南部几内亚湾和北部地中海边的小面积地带外 ,其地理座标约处于 10°～ 35°N ,和 17°33’W～ 4 0°E之间。塔克拉玛干沙漠维吾尔语“进去出不来”之意 ,面积约 3.4× 10 5km2 ,约在 37°～ 4 1°N ,78°～ 88°E之间。 相似文献
6.
气候变化背景下埃及吹绵蚧在中国的适生区预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于埃及吹绵蚧分布点的经纬度数据,利用最大熵模型MaxEnt软件对埃及吹绵蚧在中国当前和未来(2050年和2070年)的适生区进行了预测,为林业和海关检疫部门对埃及吹绵蚧当前与未来的防控与检疫工作提供重要参考依据。在本研究中,梳理并筛选了埃及吹绵蚧在国内外的分布点,通过优化MaxEnt生态位模型,预测了在当前气候和未来气候下埃及吹绵蚧在中国的潜在分布,通过统计软件计算了各种气候条件下的适生区面积,并对影响埃及吹绵蚧分布的环境因子进行了筛选和统计。预测结果显示,基于当前气候,埃及吹绵蚧在我国的潜在分布区包括华南全部地区、华中和西南部分地区,主要集中在我国经度98°E～123°E、纬度20°N～30°N的地区。未来气候条件下的适生区范围呈现增大的趋势;刀切法(Jackknife)显示,对埃及吹绵蚧分布影响较大的环境要素主要为降水量,同时模型计算了埃及吹绵蚧定殖所需的四项环境要素的适宜范围。结合实际踏查数据和文献资料,MaxEnt模型预测结果可信度高,精确预测了影响埃及吹绵蚧分布的环境因子及其适生区范围,对埃及吹绵蚧的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
7.
8.
基于当前178个瘤坚大球蚧分布点和7个主导变量，利用MaxEnt生态位模型预测当前、未来2050年和2070年在RCP45和RCP85情景下瘤坚大球蚧在中国的潜在适生区。分析结果显示，测试集的AUC值为0.982，表明预测结果准确可靠。最干季度平均气温、温度季节性变化方差、最干季度降水量和年平均温度对瘤坚大球蚧的潜在分布影响最大，累计贡献率为90.2%。当前气候条件下，瘤坚大球蚧在中国的潜在适生区范围为23.3°～47.3°N,75.1°～132.6°E，瘤坚大球蚧当前在中国的适生区的总面积为517.9×104km2，占中国国土总面积的53.9%。除海南省、福建省和台湾省外，其他省区均有瘤坚大球蚧的潜在适生区。高度适生区主要集中在华北、西北等地区，面积为59.7×104 km2，占中国国土总面积的6.2%。未来气候条件下，适生区的北界由吉林西部向北延伸至黑龙江全境，新疆、青海、西藏、内蒙古、黑龙江是新增的瘤坚大球蚧潜在适生区的主要地区；中、高度适生区在北方明显增加，而在南方变化不明显。可见，未来气候... 相似文献
9.
新菠萝灰粉蚧在中国目前及未来的潜在地理分布研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新菠萝灰粉蚧(Dysmicoccus neobrevipes(Beardsley)),属同翅目(Homoptera)粉蚧科(Pseudococci-dae),被列为我国进境植物检疫性有害生物。该虫主要分布在美洲地区,特别是墨西哥到巴西之间,另外欧洲、非洲和亚洲也有少量分布。新菠萝灰粉蚧于1998年在我国首次发现,随后在广东省的部分地区大量暴发,造成严重经济损失。本研究利用CLIMEX 3.0与ArcGIS 9.3结合的方法研究该虫在我国目前以及未来的潜在地理分布。研究结果发现当前气候条件下,新菠萝灰粉蚧在我国的适生范围主要分布在18.3°N～27.3°N,包括海南、广东、广西、云南、贵州、台湾、香港、澳门、福建、湖南、江西、四川、重庆、浙江、西藏等省市,适生区面积占全国总面积的13.03%。其中整个海南、广东和广西的大部分地区、云南南部、福建东南部和台湾西南部高度适生。基于我国未来气候变化的预测结果显示,2020年,适生区向北扩展,面积将增加至全国总面积的18.97%;到2050年,适生区北界将向北移至32.8°N,上海、江苏和安徽南部均将成为适生区。鉴于新菠萝灰粉蚧在我国的潜在地理分布研究结果,应进一步加强针对该虫的检疫、根除措施,完善疫情监测体系,预防其新的进入和扩散。 相似文献
10.
西花蓟马在中国的适生性分布研究初报 总被引：20，自引：5，他引：20
根据西花蓟马生物学及生态学特性的研究,利用地理信息系统ArcView 3.2分析预测了该虫在中国可能适生分布范围。结果表明,西花蓟马在中国可能的最适宜分布范围大体在16.53-30.77°N,97.85-121.9°E范围内,涉及华南、西南、华东地区的11个省(自治区、市)的123个县(市或地区);潜在适宜分布范围大体在25.43-48.77°N,75.23-132.96°E范围内,涉及华东、华南、西南、华中、西北、华北共28个省(自治区、直辖市)的468个县(市或地区)。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
13.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
14.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
18.
Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
19.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献