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抗菌药通过直接用药或用作饲料添加剂投入养殖业中,用于治疗或预防动物疾病。养殖业不当使用抗菌药,不可避免地造成抗菌药在动物源性食品中残留过量。微生物学法是最早用于抗菌药残留检测的方法,较其他检测方法而言,微生物学法操作简单、成本低、高通量,广泛应用于牛奶、畜禽组织等动物源性食品中抗菌药残留快速筛选检测,为后期的化学分析确证法节约大量成本。文章主要综述了微生物学法的发展历程及微生物学法在牛奶、可食性畜禽组织、鸡蛋、水产品、蜂蜜等动物源性食品中抗菌药残留检测的应用情况,为后续研制新微生物学法提供理论依据和实践基础,并对未来的微生物学法的发展做出展望。 相似文献
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利用黑水虻处理畜禽粪便中残留抗菌药物研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(5):73-78
抗菌药物具有预防和治疗动物疾病的作用,并在一定程度上可促进动物生长发育。畜禽粪便中残留的抗菌药物不仅会造成环境污染,还可导致动物源耐药性菌株在环境中的传播扩散,对公共卫生安全和人类健康带来威胁。采用高效便捷处理方法降低畜禽粪便中抗菌药物残留可在一定程度上减少生态环境污染。传统的处理方法有厌氧消化及好氧堆肥等,能有效减少畜禽粪便中抗菌药物的残留,但存在抗菌药物不能完全去除、处理条件要求高的缺点。近年来,利用黑水虻幼虫处理畜禽粪便中残留抗菌药物引起人们的关注。概述了畜禽粪便中常见的残留抗菌药物,分析了采用厌氧消化和好氧堆肥等传统处理畜禽粪便中抗菌药物的方法,以及利用黑水虻处理畜禽粪便中抗菌药物的新方法对残留抗菌药物的去除效率,以期为畜禽粪便中残留抗菌药物处理方法的研究与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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动物源性食品中糖皮质激素残留检测方法的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
糖皮质激素常用于治疗家畜的炎症反应、免疫性疾病、牛的酮病等,并且能提高饲料的转化率,促进畜禽的生长,因而广泛用于畜牧业中。然而,动物生长过程中过量使用糖皮质激素会导致其在动物源性食品中残留,给人体健康带来极大的危害。世界各国对动物源性食品中糖皮质激素残留实施愈来愈严格的监控,对各种检测方法也提出了越来越高的要求。本文介绍了糖皮质激素在畜牧业中的应用、糖皮质激素残留的危害,并对其残留检测方法进行综述。 相似文献
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芯片技术在畜禽育种中的应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国畜禽品种资源丰富,且有许多优良性状基因,但这些优良性状基因并没有被充分利用,因此,在基因水平上开展遗传资源的开发和利用是畜禽经济性状改良的重要方向。目前,虽然传统系谱选择方法在育种工作中发挥了重要作用,但存在准确率低、育种周期长等缺点。随着分子生物学技术的快速发展,近年来先进的基因组测序和基因分型技术大大促进了畜禽育种方法的革新。从低通量、耗时的限制性片段多态标记（RFLP）到如今高通量、高密度的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记,基因检测效率有了大幅度提高。基因芯片技术在分子标记辅助选择和全基因组选择育种研究中逐渐得到广泛应用,成为畜禽育种的新技术手段和新热点。主要介绍了高、低密度SNP芯片技术在畜禽育种中的研究及应用,并简述了其技术优势、存在问题及挑战、应用展望,旨在表明基因芯片技术必将会成为畜禽分子育种工作中一项重要的基础技术,在畜禽种业快速发展过程中起到重要的推动作用,以期为基因芯片技术在畜禽育种中得到进一步应用提供理论参考,推进中国畜禽育种遗传进展,提升中国畜禽种业的科技竞争力。 相似文献
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抗球虫药物在畜禽业应用广泛,可预防治疗球虫病,提高家禽饲料转化率,提升肉品质。但是,随即会出现饲料交叉污染,对非目标动物产生毒性作用,动物性食品中药物残留超标等问题。因此,建立简便、快速、灵敏度高的检测方法检测动物源性食品中的抗球虫药物残留极为重要。基于抗原-抗体特异性结合原理的免疫分析检测技术能够完成快速检测,高通量筛选,具有特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简便、成本低的优点。本文综述了不同基质中抗球虫药物残留的免疫检测技术进展,重点介绍了酶联免疫吸附检测法、免疫层析法、荧光偏振免疫分析检测法、时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测法和生物传感器检测法。并对免疫检测技术在残留检测方面的发展趋势进行了展望,旨在为抗球虫药物的残留监控提供方法学上的参考,为新方法的建立提供思路。 相似文献
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畜禽定点屠宰与动物卫生监督是关乎食品安全的大事,是推动我国畜牧产业健康发展的重要保障。该文分析了兴平市畜禽定点屠宰和监督检疫现状,针对相关问题进行了思考,并提出了对策和建议,以期为畜禽疫病防控、畜产品质量安全提供有益参考。 相似文献
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Alternative splicing(AS) refers to the process of selective splicing across exons or splice junctions during individual development or cell differentiation to produce tissue-or development-stage specific mRNA. Through AS process, organisms can produce many different protein isomers from a single gene and finally increase the proteome diversity. Therefore, AS plays an important role in the regulation of animal growth, development and physiological metabolism. This article not only summarized the types and the detection methods of alternative splicing, but also highlighted its impact on various economic traits of livestock and poultry, and prospected its application prospects in livestock and poultry breeding. This article could provide new ideas for the improvement of livestock and poultry breeding. 相似文献
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随着中国奶牛养殖的规模化、集约化的发展,以及养殖场过度追求奶牛生产性能,导致奶牛易发生或感染各类疾病,包括亚临床酮病、亚临床低钙血症、乳腺炎、口蹄疫、呼吸道疾病和牛病毒性腹泻在内的营养性和传染性疾病。这些疾病严重威胁着奶牛的健康、降低了乳品品质,进而增加养殖成本。实现奶牛疾病的低成本、快速且准确诊断是养殖场控制疾病传染、保障食品安全、降低经济损失的关键。常规的畜禽疾病检测方法有细胞培养法、酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)等,但过程耗时长、成本高、操作繁琐和不适用于对奶牛疾病的现场即时诊断等问题,制约了这些方法在养殖场的大规模推广和使用。生物传感技术将特异性生化反应产生的信号转化为可测量的电、光等信号,并结合信号放大系统可对物质进行定性或定量检测,具有操作简单、灵敏度高、特异性强和易于修饰等特点,在金属离子、病原菌等检测中具有很大的潜力。目前已有多种生物传感器被开发用于奶牛疾病的诊断。笔者针对常见的奶牛疾病列举了相对应的电化学、光学生物传感器,阐述了每种生物传感器的检测原理、对目标检测物的检测范围、检测限等信息,对生物传感器研究的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为奶牛养殖... 相似文献
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内蒙古自治区畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用的对策与建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
畜牧产业是内蒙古自治区的支柱产业之一,随着畜牧业快速发展,畜禽粪污产量持续增加,导致粪污污染日益严重,因此,畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用显得尤为迫切和重要。调研了内蒙古自治区11个旗（县、区）、95户大中型规模化养殖企业,并通过文献查阅及专家咨询等方式调研了3 700户规模化养殖企业,从内蒙古自治区畜禽粪污的基本特征、畜禽粪污资源化利用主要特征和对策与建议方面分析了自治区畜禽养殖粪污及资源化利用的情况。 相似文献
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CircRNAs are a new member of endogenous RNAs, which characterized by a closed-loop structure without terminated 5′ caps and 3′ tails via covalent bonding, which are evolutionarily conserved among different species and often exhibit tissue or developmental stage-specific expression. So far, thousands of circRNAs have been discovered in eukaryotic cells. CircRNAs are more stable due to its resistance to exonuclease implying important biological functions in all kingdoms of life. They could function as miRNA sponges, interfere with splicing and bind to protein to regulate the expression of host genes and so on. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that circRNAs are closely related to a series of physiological processes in livestock and poultry. In this review, we summarized the biogenesis mechanism, major biological function and detection methods and focused on research advance of circRNAs in livestock and poultry, aiming at providing certain reference value and novel techniques for the development of new molecular genetic markers and breeding of livestock and poultry. Meanwhile, we hope this review could show significant prospect for other researches. 相似文献
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E Neander 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1991,98(7):247-252
After a short review of the size structure and the regional distribution of livestock holdings with cattle, pigs and poultry, the significance and distribution of those livestock holdings are presented, which according to their size and their density are excluded from certain national income compensations to German farmers because they are classified as not belonging to the farm sector proper by agricultural policy authorities. Compared to neighbouring member countries of the EC, the significance of these livestock holdings seems rather small. The introduction of the milk quota regime and the exclusion of larger livestock holdings from certain income compensations have retarded the process of structural change in livestock keeping since the middle of the 1980s. Among factors influencing the future development of the structure of livestock holdings, scientific and technical innovations in livestock breeding and husbandry as well as developments in the distribution of food will prevailingly intensify the tendencies of continuing concentration processes in livestock holdings whereas environmental legislation and agricultural price and market policies will probably counteract these tendencies. 相似文献
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近年来,中兽药在现代畜禽养殖、对抗动物疫病、调节改善动物免疫力方面都发挥了重要的作用,但是其在畜禽给药途径和生物利用度方面还存在一定不足。畜禽消化系统的不同导致给药方式必然存在不同,兽用中药配方颗粒使用方便,而且生物利用度高于中药散剂。目前尚无兽用中药配方颗粒的相关研究,本文对兽用中药配方颗粒的研究进展进行归纳总结,以期为兽用中药配方颗粒的开发利用提供依据。 相似文献
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碳中和背景下畜牧业种养结合发展路径研究 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(2):111-114
随着我国养殖业规模化、集约化发展,畜禽养殖已成为农业面源污染的主要来源之一。畜禽粪污的资源化利用,既是保障畜牧业健康可持续发展的关键,也是实现生态文明建设及人类命运共同体可持续发展长期目标的重要举措。种养结合农业生产模式为实现畜禽污染控制与经济发展的协调统一提供了可行性。通过对畜牧业生产、加工、消费过程中的温室气体来源的分析,总结归纳畜禽养殖源头减量、过程控制、末端处理的一般性解决方案,为具有类似特点的农户、养殖企业和地方政府提供参考,以期提高畜禽粪便的资源利用效率,推进畜牧业碳中和。 相似文献
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Livestock and animal health development projects have not always led to substantial increases in animal productivity or in farmers' welfare. Some have even resulted in unsustainable systems, when they were not based on an understanding of (livestock) production systems. The multipurpose functions of livestock and complex relationships between the biological, technical and social components require a systems approach, whereby nutrition, animal health, breeding, biotechnology knowhow, inputs and technologies are used to optimise resource use. The challenge for developed and developing countries is to reverse the current degradation of the environment, and arrive at sustainable increases in crop and livestock production to secure present and future food supplies. For rural development, governments should show long term commitment and political will to support the rural population in development programmes, because smallholders (including women and landless livestock keepers) represent a large labour force in developing countries. Different systems need different approaches. Pastoral systems must focus on effective management of grazing pressure of the rangelands. Communal rangelands management involves not only the development and application of technologies (e.g. feedlots, vaccination campaigns), but also land tenure policies, institutional development, economic return and a reduction in the number of people depending upon livestock. Smallholder mixed farms must aim at intensification of the total production system, in which external inputs are indispensable, but with the emphasis on optimum input-output relationships by reducing resource losses due to poor management. Resource-poor farming systems must aim at the improved management of the various livestock species in backyards and very small farms, and proper packages for cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, rabbits and poultry should be developed. Specialised commercial livestock farming systems (poultry, pigs, dairy or meat) can only be sustainable with adequate marketing, supply of quality feed, veterinary services, labour, management and control of pollution. Animal health programmes play a keyrole in the proposed system approach. 相似文献