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1.
收集北京地区2015~2016年宠物医院的部分宠物犬肿瘤病例56例,采用组织病理学方法进行病理诊断,并对患病动物的品种、发生部位、年龄和性别与肿瘤发生关系进行了统计分析。结果发现,56个病例中有44例确诊为肿瘤,其中良性肿瘤21例,包括肛周腺瘤、皮脂腺瘤和肥大细胞瘤等;恶性肿瘤23例,包括乳腺癌、鳞状上皮细胞癌和肛周腺癌等。本次采集的病例中,大型犬与小型犬发病率持平,皮肤、肛周与乳腺部位肿瘤的发生率较高;7岁以后是肿瘤高发期;雌性犬皮肤和乳腺肿瘤的患病率高于雄性,雄性宠物犬肛周腺肿瘤的发生率高于雌性,肿瘤总患病率雄性与雌性持平。本研究为今后宠物犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了新的参考资料。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨犬常见肿瘤的发病规律，试验收集哈尔滨地区2016-2017年宠物医院部分犬肿瘤病例71例，采用组织病理学方法对犬肿瘤进行病理学诊断，并对患病动物的品种、性别、年龄、发生部位和饮食情况与肿瘤发生关系进行统计分析。结果显示，71例确诊肿瘤病例中，恶性肿瘤28例，包括鳞状上皮细胞癌3例，基底细胞癌5例，乳腺癌14例，淋巴瘤2例，肾母细胞瘤、精原细胞癌、生殖细胞癌、侵袭性血管黏液瘤各1例；良性肿瘤43例，包括良性乳腺肿瘤15例，纤维瘤10例，平滑肌瘤5例，乳头状瘤和精原细胞瘤各3例，造釉细胞瘤、耵聍腺瘤、脂肪瘤、结节样增生、性索间质细胞瘤、颗粒细胞瘤、肛周腺瘤各1例。上述病例中，乳腺和皮肤是犬肿瘤的高发部位，分别占全部患犬的40.8%和34.0%；患病犬年龄1~16岁不等，平均发病年龄为9.1岁，7岁以后是肿瘤的高发期，中老年犬仍为主要发病群体，但低龄犬发病数量上升；各品种犬均可发生肿瘤，其中杂种犬发病率最高，其次是贵宾犬和京巴犬，且主要为乳腺肿瘤；饮食习惯主要以剩饭剩菜类和肉拌饭类为主，分别占患犬总数的39%和30%；部分肿瘤类型与犬的性别、是否绝育有关，如乳腺肿瘤多发生于未绝育的老年母犬。本研究结果为犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了参考依据，对犬肿瘤的预防和诊断有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

3.
Over a 16-year period, 190 tumors and tumorlike lesions from 179 pet rabbits were submitted for histopathologic examination. A total of 23 different tumor types and 1 tumorlike lesion were diagnosed. The most common diagnoses were trichoblastoma, collagenous hamartoma, and Shope fibroma. Viral-induced tumors were Shope fibroma (19) and Shope papilloma (2). Common nonviral epithelial tumors included trichoblastoma (59), squamous cell carcinoma (5), squamous papilloma (4), trichoepithelioma (3), and apocrine carcinoma (3). Common mesenchymal tumors were lipoma (10), liposarcoma (3), myxosarcoma (9), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (8), fibrosarcoma (7), and leiomyosarcoma (4). Malignant melanoma was diagnosed in 8 rabbits. Collagenous hamartomas were diagnosed in 26 rabbits. Mesenchymal proliferations occurred significantly more often in male rabbits than in females. Collagenous hamartomas and myxosarcomas occurred exclusively in male animals, and 3 rabbits had multiple collagenous hamartomas. Immunohistochemistry was applied in cases in which a definite diagnosis could not be reached on hematoxylin and eosin slides. Follow-up information was received in 19 cases. Carcinomas recurred (2 of 3) or metastasized (1 of 3), whereas sarcomas frequently recurred (7 of 12). One malignant melanoma (1 of 3) and one poorly differentiated round cell neoplasm recurred (1 of 1). This is the first comprehensive retrospective analysis on skin neoplasia in pet rabbits.  相似文献   

4.
Neoplasia is an important form of disease in saurians. According to previous reviews, the organs most commonly affected by neoplastic disease are the hematopoeitic system, the hepatic system, and the skin. However, our own review suggests that tumors of the musculoskeletal system are also prevalent. Neoplasia should be considered as a significant differential diagnosis when presented with a lizard that has nonspecific clinical signs. The previously described diagnostic techniques should be applied to obtain a rapid and accurate definitive diagnosis. As more cases of neoplastic disease in saurians are reported, a comprehensive study of the data, including detailed examination of environmental factors, may bring forth causative agents. According to Withrow, cancer is one of the leading killers of pet animals, and thus has become a real concern for dog and cat owners [67]. Given that most people will either know someone with cancer or experience cancer first hand, the general public is more educated than ever on neoplastic disorders. As veterinarians, it is important to become familiar with the neoplastic diseases in all species, and to be educated in tumor pathophysiology and treatment. The public expects veterinarians to be dependable sources of knowledge and compassion.  相似文献   

5.
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of canine amelanotic melanomas and normal canine tissues were studied immunohistochemically for the presence of S100 protein. Use of the avidin-biotin complex procedure demonstrated variable amounts of S100 protein in the tumor cell cytoplasm and nuclei in 26 of 31 tumors. S100 protein was not observed in some other common canine skin tumors stained by the avidin-biotin complex technique. These were a mast cell tumor, fibrosarcoma, mammary gland adenocarcinoma, histiocytoma, transmissible venereal tumor, and a thyroid gland adenocarcinoma. Among normal tissues the presence of S100 protein was demonstrated in chondrocytes in the trachea, myoepithelial cells in the breast, melanocytes in the skin, some sweat glands and ducts in the skin, stellate cells in the pituitary, and interdigitating reticulum cells in the lymph node and in Peyer's patches. These results indicate that the avidin-biotin complex procedure for demonstrating S100 protein is a useful diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of canine amelanotic melanoma.  相似文献   

6.
Dogs and cats of our society have outgrown their status as merely pets and are now considered our close companions and even family members. This shift in their roles has led to pet owners seeking improved preventative medicine for their four-legged friends. Subsequently, dogs and cats are living longer lives than ever before and developing more old-age-related diseases. One of the most devastating diseases of older animals is cancer. Once a veterinarian has detected cancer in a pet, pet owners seek advice on their next course of action. This article is intended to provide concise information regarding the diagnosis and treatment of intranasal tumors of the dog and cat. This article outlines the forms of nasal tumors that are the most common, the recommended imaging and biopsy techniques to diagnose the tumor, and the most appropriate treatments of them.  相似文献   

7.
Cutaneous lymphoma is a common skin neoplasm of pet rabbits in Europe but is rarely reported in pet rabbits in North America. These neoplasms have not been previously characterized, nor has the cause for the apparent predilection for cutaneous lymphoma in European pet rabbits compared with North American pet rabbits been investigated. In this retrospective study, the authors morphologically and immunohistochemically characterized 25 cutaneous lymphomas in European pet rabbits according to the World Health Organization classification. Tumors were classified as diffuse large B cell lymphomas, with 14 lymphomas exhibiting a centroblastic/centrocytic subtype and 11 tumors exhibiting a T cell-rich B cell subtype. To investigate a potential viral etiology of these lymphomas, 3 diffuse large B cell and 3?T cell-rich B cell lymphomas were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction for retroviral and herpesviral genes. Neither virus was detected. In contrast to other domestic animals, cutaneous lymphomas in European pet rabbits were highly pleomorphic and frequently contained multinucleated giant cells. Unexpectedly, the second most common subtype was T cell-rich B cell lymphoma, a subtype that is rare in species other than horses. Based on a limited number of samples, there was no support for a viral etiology that would explain the higher incidence of lymphoma in European pet rabbits compared with American pet rabbits. Further investigation into genetic and extrinsic factors associated with the development of these tumors is warranted.  相似文献   

8.
An adult pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) presented with a progressively enlarging left testicle. Because neoplasia was suspected, the testicle was removed. Pathologic evaluation (exfoliative cytology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy) indicated that the tumor was an intratesticular granular cell tumor. Granular cell tumor has not been described in rabbits before and has not been described in the testes of animals or postnatal humans. Granular cell tumor should be included as a differential diagnosis of testicular tumors, particularly Leydig cell tumor, because of potential histologic similarities.  相似文献   

9.
BACKGROUND: The occurrence of spontaneous tumors in pet animals has been estimated in a few European and North American veterinary cancer registries with dissimilar methodologies and variable reference populations. OBJECTIVES: The Animal Tumor Registry (ATR) of Genoa, Italy, was established in 1985 with the aim of estimating the occurrence of spontaneous tumors in dogs. METHODS: Six thousand seven hundred and forty-three tumor biopsy specimens were received from local veterinarians in the Municipality of Genoa between 1985 and 2002. Three thousand and three hundred and three (48.9%) biopsy specimen samples were diagnosed as cancer and were coded according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). RESULTS: Mammary cancer was the most frequently diagnosed cancer in female dogs, accounting for 70% of all cancer cases. Incidence of all cancers was 99.3 per 100,000 dog-years (95% CI: 93.6-105.1) in male dogs and 272.1 (95% CI: 260.7-283.6) in female dogs. The highest incidence rates were detected for mammary cancer (IR = 191.8, 95% CI: 182.2-201.4) and for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (IR = 22.9, 95% CI: 19.7-26.5) in bitches and for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (IR = 19.9, 95% CI: 17.4-22.7) and skin cancer (IR = 19.1, 95% CI: 16.6-21.8) in male dogs. All cancer IR increased with age ranging between 23.7 (95% CI: 18.4-30.1) and 763.2 (95% CI: 700.4-830.1) in bitches and between 16.5 (95% CI: 12.8-21.1) and 237.6 (95% CI: 209.1-269.0) in male dogs aged < or =3 years and >9-11 years. CONCLUSION: This study summarizes the work done by the ATR of Genoa, Italy, between 1985 and 2002. All cancer incidence was 3 times higher in female than in male dogs, a difference explained by the high rate of mammary cancer observed in bitches. Because a biopsy specimen was required to make a cancer diagnosis, cancer rates for internal organs cancers, such as respiratory and digestive tract cancers may have been underestimated in the study population.  相似文献   

10.
Biliary tumors are rarely diagnosed in rabbits, and there are very few published case reports of this disease within this group of animals. This case involves an approximately 6-year-old spayed female pet rabbit that was referred for an abdominal mass noted on survey full-body radiographs obtained during an examination after presenting for acute onset anorexia. Otherwise, the patient had an unremarkable history, and physical examination abnormalities were limited to a slightly distended abdomen. Laboratory evaluation revealed an isolated elevation in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Ultrasonography documented a 5.4-cm multicystic, intrahepatic mass with hyperechoic septations. The mass was surgically resected and described histopathologically as a proliferation of ectatic duct structures with a simple epithelial lining, supporting a diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma. The rabbit recovered without incident and was doing well 15 months postsurgery. The case is presented with a review of all reported cases and discussion of the potential origins of this unusual tumor in the rabbit. Surgery is recommended in rabbits that are diagnosed with a biliary tumor.  相似文献   

11.
Cutaneous neoplasia in 340 cats.   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
A total of 340 cases of cutaneous neoplasia were diagnosed in 340 of 3,564 cats that were examined by biopsy or necropsy during a 41-month period from January 1, 1986 through May 31, 1989. Eighteen types of tumor occurred, but four types comprised 77% of the cases. These were basal cell tumor, 89 cases (26%, mean age 10.3); mast cell tumor, 72 cases (21%, mean age 8.6); squamous cell carcinoma, 52 cases (15%, mean age 11.6); and fibrosarcoma, 50 cases (15%, mean age 10.2). For each of these four types of tumors, peak number of cases occurred in cats older than 10 years. Mast cell tumor was the only tumor diagnosed in cats younger than 1 year. The head was the most common site for basal cell tumors, mast cell tumors, and squamous cell carcinomas. The legs were the most common location of fibrosarcomas. Siamese cats had approximately three times as many mast cell tumors as statistically expected, but only one-fourth as many squamous cell carcinomas. Breed predilection for other skin tumors was not apparent. Sex predilection was not detected for any skin tumor.  相似文献   

12.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed on 147 skin tumors in 119 dogs over a 4-year period. Both air-dried smears (Wright's stain) and wet-fixed smears (Papanicolaou's stain) were prepared from the aspirates from each tumor and the cytological diagnosis was correlated with histology. In 105 tumors, the cytological and histological interpretations agreed. Histologically, there were 36 stromal tumors, including 19 fibrosarcomas and nine hemangiosarcomas. Cytologically, 12 of the fibrosarcomas and five of the hemangiosarcomas were interpreted correctly as malignant tumors. All 11 melanomas and all 37 mast cell tumors were identified correctly cytologically, while nine of the 11 squamous cell carcinomas, 15 of 21 adenocarcinomas and eight of 19 mammary carcinomas were interpreted as malignant using aspiration biopsy. The fine-needle technique also identified 16 dogs with metastases to the regional lymph nodes before surgical biopsies were undertaken. Benign tumors were incorrectly described as malignancies in only three cases.  相似文献   

13.
旨在研究微小miR-502（cfa-miRNA-502）在犬乳腺癌组织中的表达情况及其临床意义。采用实时定量PCR方法检测30例犬乳腺癌组织及癌旁正常组织中miR-502的表达水平,分析miR-502表达与犬乳腺癌组织临床病理特征（年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级和转移）的关系。结果显示：与癌旁组织相比,犬乳腺癌组织中miR-502的表达水平显著升高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）;miR-502表达与犬乳腺癌的组织学分级与转移有关（P<0.05）,但与年龄和肿瘤大小无关（P>0.05）。本研究提示miR-502在犬乳腺癌组织中表达上调,其表达与犬乳腺肿瘤的发生、发展有一定关系,miR-502可能作为犬乳腺癌诊断的肿瘤标记物。  相似文献   

14.
Thirty-three cases of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and 14 cases of sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL) were examined by immunohistochemistry using 6 monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte differentiation molecules of bovine leukocytes. There were 17 cases of B-1a cell type, 10 cases of B-1b cell type and 6 cases of B-2 cell type in EBL, and 5 cases originating from B cells (B-2 cell type) and 9 cases originating from immature T cells in SBL. The average age for the EBL cases of B-1a cell type was 8.6 years, B-1b cell type was 6.5 years, and of B-2 cell type was 4.5 years. In cases of SBL, immature T cell type patients were younger than B-2 cell type ones. The lymphoma originating from B cells differed from that originating from T cells in morphology. In T cell tumors, the nucleus of tumor cells was round, the edge of the cytoplasm obvious, and tumor cells were sporadically present and proliferated. When compared with T cells, the region among B cells was obscure. But, there was no relation between phenotype and the histologic classification of tumor cells. In EBL, beyond the lymph node, tumors of B-1a and B-1b types had developed in the heart and abomasum, and those of the B-2 type tended to occur in liver. In SBL, B-2 type and T type cells formed tumors in the liver, kidney, thymus, and one case of T-cell type tumor formed on the skin. We would like to propose a new classification of bovine leukosis as EBL, calf type B-cell lymphoma, juvenile T-cell lymphoma and skin type T-cell lymphoma.  相似文献   

15.
犬皮肤肥大细胞瘤约占皮肤肿瘤的20%,因为占位小且不明显,所以是犬的癌症中非常严重的一种。有的切除后没什么后遗症,有的却能成为威胁生命的疾病。正确的鉴别和处置在控制本病方面显得尤为重要。为确诊一例犬皮肤肿物的类型,将病犬皮肤肿物制成石蜡切片,观察HE染色和TB染色结果,发现增多的肿瘤细胞具有肥大细胞典型的组织学和细胞形态学特征,确诊该肿瘤为犬皮肤的肥大细胞瘤。  相似文献   

16.
Mast cell tumors are among the most commonly seen tumors of the skin in dogs and are more highly aggressive than mast cell tumors of other species. Some breeds display a markedly higher incidence of mast cell tumor development than others and appear to have some genetic predisposition. Recently, mutations have been found in canine mast cell tumor tissues and cell lines within the juxtamembrane domain of the protooncogene c-KIT In previous studies utilizing a small number of cases, no association between the presence of a mutation and the breed of dog or grade of the tumor could be identified. An expanded study with a larger sample set was performed to explore this possibility. The juxtamembrane domain of c-KIT was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNA preparations of 88 paraffin-embedded mast cell tumors from selected breeds. Mutations, consisting of duplications and deletions, were found in 12 of the tumors. A significant association was found between the presence of a mutation and a higher grade of tumor but not between breed and grade or between breed and the presence of a mutation.  相似文献   

17.
Early detection of cancers, although essential for treatment effectiveness, can be difficult to achieve, and some tests introduce additional health risks. New, non-invasive detection methods with greater sensitivity and specificity are needed. Several authors have published research suggesting that dogs may be able to detect lung, breast, prostate, ovarian, and melanoma cancers by smelling skin lesions, urine, exhaled breath, and surgically extracted tumors. We conducted a systematic search using the PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify all known published data on canine scent detection of cancers. Of 531 potentially relevant publications, 11 full text articles were examined, and 5 were selected for inclusion in the review. Two studies involved dogs detecting breast cancer (sensitivity 88% using exhaled breath and 22% using urine; specificity was 98% and 20%, respectively), 1 involved bladder cancer (41% of urine samples detected), 1 involved melanoma (75–85.7% of in situ tumors detected), 1 involved lung cancer (sensitivity 99% and specificity 99% using exhaled breath), 1 involved ovarian cancer (sensitivity 100% and specificity 97.5% using thawed frozen tumor samples), and 1 involved prostate cancer (18% of urine samples detected). One study on ovarian cancer is in progress. Early successes with canine scent detection suggest chemical analysis of exhaled breath may be a valid method for cancer detection. Tests using exhaled breath showed better sensitivity and specificity than with urine. Future research should target other tumor types, and seek to identify what exhaled compounds may signal a cancer diagnosis.  相似文献   

18.
Lymphoma is a very common lymphoid neoplasm in domestic animals, but few naturally occurring cases have been reported in rabbits. It presents at different sites within rabbits and, although the macroscopic pattern tends to be similar, different cell populations may be involved. This report describes a case of spontaneous lymphoma ocurring in a two-and-a-half-year-old pet Dutch dwarf rabbit. T and B lymphocyte infiltrates were observed in skin, lung, kidney, liver, intestine and lymph nodes, in each case affecting one or more tissue structures. The diagnosis, based on microscopic and immunocytochemical findings, was multicentric, T cell-rich B cell lymphoma with skin involvement.  相似文献   

19.
乳腺癌是犬、猫等伴侣动物与人类常发疾病，作为人类及动物常患恶性肿瘤和主要致死肿瘤之一，其疾病负担仍呈逐步加重趋势，乳腺癌的预防及治疗形势愈加严峻。上皮间质转化（EMT）是乳腺癌发生发展中重要的生物学过程。EMT还可促进恶性肿瘤的侵袭、扩散及耐药，因此它在肿瘤的研究中日益受到关注，靶向于EMT是治疗乳腺癌的重要研究方向与热点。文章就EMT发生过程中细胞形态功能及标志物的变化、EMT分类及EMT与乳腺癌的关系分别展开论述，详细解析了EMT相关TGF-β/Smad、NF-κB及Wnt信号通路转导途径；随后对乳腺癌治疗药物研究进展，包括TGF-β/Smad通路抑制剂开发，相关药物、基因及细胞因子治疗前景、NF-κB通路与Wnt通路抑制剂的动物试验研究结果进行了详细论述；最后对乳腺癌的治疗发展与趋势进行了展望。深入认识信号通路调控乳腺癌EMT的生物学过程，明确其发生发展机制，寻找关键靶点及开发靶向药物，将为乳腺癌的精准治疗带来曙光。  相似文献   

20.
乳腺癌是犬、猫等伴侣动物与人类常发疾病,作为人类及动物常患恶性肿瘤和主要致死肿瘤之一,其疾病负担仍呈逐步加重趋势,乳腺癌的预防及治疗形势愈加严峻。上皮间质转化(EMT)是乳腺癌发生发展中重要的生物学过程。EMT还可促进恶性肿瘤的侵袭、扩散及耐药,因此它在肿瘤的研究中日益受到关注,靶向于EMT是治疗乳腺癌的重要研究方向与热点。文章就EMT发生过程中细胞形态功能及标志物的变化、EMT分类及EMT与乳腺癌的关系分别展开论述,详细解析了EMT相关TGF-β/Smad、NF-κB及Wnt信号通路转导途径;随后对乳腺癌治疗药物研究进展,包括TGF-β/Smad通路抑制剂开发,相关药物、基因及细胞因子治疗前景、NF-κB通路与Wnt通路抑制剂的动物试验研究结果进行了详细论述;最后对乳腺癌的治疗发展与趋势进行了展望。深入认识信号通路调控乳腺癌EMT的生物学过程,明确其发生发展机制,寻找关键靶点及开发靶向药物,将为乳腺癌的精准治疗带来曙光。  相似文献   

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