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柞蚕线虫病是危害柞蚕生产的主要病害之一。为了避免长期使用单一药剂防治柞蚕线虫病给柞蚕生产带来的潜在危机,从10种线虫防治药剂中筛选出了新型药剂线蛟清。以0.108 00%、0.054 00%、0.021 67%和0.016 25%线蛟清药液喷洒的药叶饲喂柞蚕,对柞蚕寄生线虫病的防治效果均达100%,但前2种浓度的药液可导致柞蚕慢性中毒。给柞蚕全龄添食0.016 25%线蛟清药液喷洒的药叶,其结茧率和全茧量与清水对照没有显著差异,且子代的产卵量、孵化率、收蚁结茧率、全茧量及茧层率均与清水对照差异不显著。喷洒0.016 25%线蛟清药液0.5 h后人工降水20~25 mm,用药叶给柞蚕添食的防效仍达到100%,正常情况下该浓度药液的持效期达35 d,柞蚕被线虫寄生8 d内,连续4 d取食药叶,可全部杀死寄生于体内的线虫。试验结果表明:0.016 25%线蛟清药液对柞蚕线虫病具有显著的防治效果,药液喷洒后的内吸性好,药效持续时间较长,对柞蚕的安全性好。 相似文献
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柑橘木虱（Diaphorina citri K瑄wayama）是柑橘黄龙病的媒介昆虫，目前，其防治以化防为主。为了监测化学农药的防治效果，选用9种柑橘生产上常用的药剂对江西赣州市信丰县的柑橘木虱田间种群进行药效测定，并用华南农业大学昆虫生态研究室用九里香饲养的种群作为敏感对照。测定虫态为成虫。结果表明，对信丰种群，处理24h后敌敌畏效果最好，死亡率达95.5%；其次为毒死蜱，死亡率为84.7%。48h和72h后，除敌敌畏、毒死蜱外，啶虫脒、丁硫克百威、噻虫嗪的防效也显著高于其它处理。另外，吡虫啉SL的防效随时间推移逐渐提高。而甲维盐与清水对照相比一直无显著差异，阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯的防效也很低。对敏感种群，24h后效果最好的也是敌敌畏和毒死蜱；48h后除了甲维盐和阿维菌素以外，其余7种药剂的防效均达87%以上，各处理之间无显著差异；72h后，这7种药剂的防效均接近100%。两个种群相比，信丰种群用高效氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉SL、吡虫啉SC、毒死蜱、噻虫嗪、啶虫脒处理24h后校正死亡率显著低于敏感种群，说明信丰种群对这些农药的敏感性都有不同程度的下降。48h和72h后，前4种处理的防效还显著低于敏感种群；另外，72h后阿维菌素和甲维盐处理的信丰种群防效也显著低于敏感种群。信丰种群对高效氯氰菊酯的敏感性下降最为显著，与敏感种群相比死亡率降低了65%~77%，其次为吡虫啉，降低17%~75%，建议该地区暂时停止使用。 相似文献
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选用了0.5%藜芦碱水剂、0.3%苦参碱水剂、0.5%印楝素水剂、1.5%除虫菊素、5%桉油精水剂对枸杞木虱进行防治;用0.5%藜芦碱、0.3%苦参碱、50%硫磺悬浮剂、0.5%印楝素、1.6%狼毒素、1.5%除虫菊素、5%桉油精对黑果枸杞蚜虫进行防治;用0.5%藜芦碱、0.3%苦参碱对黑果枸杞负泥虫进行防治;用0.5%藜芦碱水剂、0.3%苦参碱水剂、雅氪、满维对枸杞瘿螨进行防治。结果表明:在黑果枸杞防治中,0.5%藜芦碱对枸杞木虱的卵及若虫防效最好,其中,藜芦碱72 h后防效可达80%。5%桉油精对枸杞蚜虫防效最好,药后72 h达到83.88%,效果好于其他药剂。枸杞负泥虫防治中,0.5%藜芦碱防效最好,药后48 h达到了97.55%;枸杞瘿螨防治中,24 h后0.5%藜芦碱防治效果可以达到95%,水剂优于可溶剂。 相似文献
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锌贝克、崇高和易斑净对柱花草炭疽病的防效 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
柱花草炭疽病Stylo anthracnose是严重影响柱花草Stylosanthes guianensis生产的主要病害之一,药剂防治是减轻该类病害的有效措施。试验结果表明：锌贝克、崇高和易斑净对炭疽菌菌落和分生孢子都有抑制作用, 其中锌贝克、崇高随着稀释倍数的增加菌落抑制率降低。药剂处理后5 d,易斑净3个处理梯度的抑菌率均达到和接近100%;锌贝克700倍的抑菌率达到95.45%,崇高10 000倍的药效达到82.13%;随着3种药剂稀释倍数的增加,孢子抑制率降低,在早期的12 h锌贝克700倍、崇高10 000倍、易斑净1 500倍药液处理完全抑制了孢子的萌发。但到了36 h,除易斑净1 500倍仍保持对孢子萌发的完全抑制外,锌贝克和崇高各处理梯度的抑制率均下降,其中崇高的下降幅度最大。盆栽药效试验中3种杀菌剂的稀释倍数均与防效成反比。处理后第7天锌贝克500倍防效为40.20%。易斑净1 000倍防效为36.62%。崇高7 000倍处理的防效达到22.15%。杀菌剂盆栽试验的防效明显低于室内试验. 相似文献
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植物源药剂对苜蓿蓟马的防效研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取7种植物源药剂与1种化学药剂(2.5%溴氰菊脂)对苜蓿蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis进行防治比较.结果表明,7种植物源药剂对苜蓿蓟马均有显著的防治效果,其中0.3%印楝素乳油、2.5%烟碱-楝素乳油、10%柠檬草乳油防效突出,与2.5%溴氰菊脂相比无显著差异,药后3 d的防效分别达到76.18%、63.42%和90.59%.此外0.3%印楝素乳油的药效持续时间长而10%柠檬草乳油的起效快. 相似文献
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针对柞蚕绒茧蜂病的防治,进行了不同限制因子对防治药剂9901防治效果的影响试验。降雨对防治效果的影响:喷施0.25 mg/mL的9901可湿粉剂,3 h后降雨对防治效果没有影响,而喷药至降雨间隔1、2 h的防治效果分别为97.94%、97.73%,说明降雨对防治效果没有大的影响,确定喷药至降雨间隔1 h以上,不用二次补喷药剂。食药叶天数对防治效果的影响:用0.25 mg/mL的9901药液喷施柞叶,并保证柞蚕取食柞叶4 d以上,对柞蚕绒茧蜂病的防治效果可达95%以上,可以达到防治目的。 相似文献
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进行了嘧菌酯与三唑类农药复配制剂防治香蕉叶斑病的田间药效试验。结果表明: 施药两次后,75%禾技（嘧菌酯 戊唑醇）水分散粒剂稀释3000倍液,对香蕉叶斑病的防效为90.0%,显著高于对照药剂12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂 和25%丙环唑乳油稀释1000倍液的防效;而30%福递（嘧菌酯 苯醚甲环唑）悬浮剂稀释1500倍液的防效为83.4%;与对照药剂的防效差异不显著。 相似文献
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为探索香蕉生产中防治花蓟马的最佳施药时期。测定吡虫啉、毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯,在香蕉花蕾现蕾期、苞片打开1-3梳期、苞片打开4-8梳期采用喷雾法施药。结果表明,供试三种药剂在香蕉现蕾期施药优于其它两个时期,其中,70%吡虫啉对果穗的平均防效为85.7%,显著高于毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯的防效,而在花蕾苞片打开后施药,3种药剂的防效都低于65.0%。同时,在现蕾期施药,3种药剂对果穗不同位置的防效也有差异,其中,第一梳的最高,最高为88.9%,尾梳最差,最低为63.9%,其中吡虫啉的持效性最好,对尾梳的防效为80.2%,显著优于高效氯氟氰菊酯。香蕉现蕾期是防治花蓟马的最佳时期,而吡虫啉是三个药剂中防效最好的。 相似文献
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为防治柑桔锈壁虱提供高效药剂,开展了3种新型药剂效防治柑桔锈壁虱田间药效试验。结果表明,15%唑虫酰胺悬浮剂3000～5000倍液、500克/升氟啶胺悬浮剂1000～2000倍液、5%阿维菌素?虱螨脲乳油4000～6000倍液对柑桔锈壁虱防治效果较好,药后1～28天防效在96%以上,速效性好,持效期长。与生产常用药剂1.8%阿维菌素乳油3000倍液比较,各处理与对照药剂之间防效没有显著性差异。试验剂量范围内未发现药剂对柑桔产生药害,也未发现对天敌产生不利影响,可以在柑桔上推广应用。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of various mydriatics (1% atropine, 1% cyclopentolate, 0.5% tropicamide, 10% phenylephrine) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size (PS) in normal cats. ANIMALS STUDIED: The mydriatics were tested in 10 adult ophthalmoscopically normal European Domestic Short-haired cats. Procedure Single-dose drug studies were divided into placebo (vehicle of phenylephrine), 10% phenylephrine, 0.5% tropicamide, 1% cyclopentolate and 1% atropine. After measurement of IOP and pupil size (PS) at 8 a.m. on the first day, one drop of the tested drug was applied to one randomly selected eye. The IOP and PS were measured for a minimum of 36 h until the pupil returned to pretest size. RESULTS: Ten per cent phenylephrine had no significant effect on IOP, and the effect on the pupil size was minimal (相似文献
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为了探讨添加不同水平L-赖氨酸的精液稀释液对杜泊羊鲜精液态保存下品质的影响,试验选用健康的杜泊种公羊3只,采集精液,等量分装,分别加入到含不同水平(0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4和0.5 g) L-赖氨酸的120 mL稀释液中,在0、6、24、30、48、54、72和78 h对精子活力、质膜完整率和顶体完整率进行检测。结果表明,添加0、0.1、0.2 g L-赖氨酸组精子活力较其他添加水平组高,添加0.4和0.5 g L-赖氨酸组精子活力下降速度快,添加0.5 g L-赖氨酸组精子活力在30 h时降为0,添加0.4 g L-赖氨酸组精子活力在48 h时降为0;添加0.1 g L-赖氨酸组精子有效存活时间和生存指数最高,与其他组间差异显著(P< 0.05);质膜完整率0.1 g组最高,贮存0~54 h间与对照组间差异不显著(P >0.05),72 h后与对照组间出现显著性差异(P< 0.05),0.4和0.5 g组最差,与其他组间差异显著(P< 0.05);顶体完整率0.1 g组最高,与对照组间差异不显著(P >0.05),0.4和0.5 g组最差,二者差异不显著(P >0.05),除贮存0和6 h外,与其他组间差异极显著(P< 0.01)。结果提示,稀释液中添加高浓度的L-赖氨酸对精液品质有抑制作用,当L-赖氨酸添加水平≥0.2 g,精子品质显著下降,添加0.1 g L-赖氨酸有助于提高杜泊羊鲜精液态保存的品质。 相似文献
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MAO Ran LI Qing-quan SHI Yan LAN Xiang-li WANG Min ZONG Ze-jun XIA Guo-zhong HAN Tian-long 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(12):3308-3314
In order to explore the effect of different L-lysine levels added in semen dilution on the fresh Dorper sheep quality stored at liquid state,3 health Dorper ram were used to collect semen which were equal-packaged and added to solution containing different levels (0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5 g) L-lysine in 120 mL diluent and at 0,6,24,30,48,54,72 and 78 h,the sperm motility,membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were detected.The results showed that the sperm motility in groups added 0,0.1 and 0.2 g L-lysine were higher than other groups,and that in 0.4 and 0.5 g L-lysine groups decreased faster than other groups;The sperm motility in 0.5 g L-lysine group reduced to 0 at 30 h,and it reduced to 0 at 48 h in the group added 0.4 g L-lysine;The effective survival time and survival index in the group added 0.1 g L-lysine was higher than other groups (P< 0.05);The membrane integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest,that had no significant difference with control group from 0 to 54 h (P >0.05),while after 72 h the two groups had significant differences (P< 0.05).The membrane integrity in 0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,and that was significant different with other groups (P< 0.05);The acrosome integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest which had no significant difference with control group (P >0.05),0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,the difference between them was not significant (P >0.05),while was extremely significant difference with other groups except for 0 and 6 h (P< 0.01).The results suggested that dilution added a high concentration of L-lysine could inhibit sperm quality,when the count of L-lysine was more than 0.2 g,sperm quality was significantly decreased,adding 0.1 g L-lysine could improve Dorper sheep fresh sperm quality stored at liquid state. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究抗犊牛大肠杆菌性腹泻的复方诃子口服液的药理作用,采用中和毒素试验、抗渗出试验、解热试验、镇痛试验、肠蠕动试验及免疫调节试验的方法,验证复方诃子口服液的药理作用。结果显示,抗毒素中和试验中,复方诃子口服液组与阴性对照组差异极显著(P<0.01)。抗渗出试验中,各药物组均能不同程度地减少伊文思蓝的渗出,阿司匹林组及复方诃子口服液高、中、低剂量组的抑制率分别为58.1%、42.8%、31.6%和14.9%,其中复方诃子口服液低剂量组与空白组相比差异显著(P<0.05),其余各组与空白组相比均差异极显著(P<0.01);复方诃子口服液各剂量组与阿司匹林组相比,高剂量组差异不显著(P>0.05),中、低剂量组差异极显著(P<0.01)。解热试验中,复方诃子口服液高剂量组给药后1h快速抑制体温升高,中剂量组给药后2h抑制体温升高;给药后3h,与模型组相比,复方诃子口服液高、中剂量组体温均明显降低,低剂量组与模型组差异不明显。镇痛试验中,与空白组相比,阿司匹林组、复方诃子口服液高、中剂量组镇痛效果差异极显著(P<0.01),扭体抑制率分别为64.55%、52.73%和32.73%,疼痛潜伏期分别为9.59、6.33和5.74min;而复方诃子口服液低剂量组差异不显著(P>0.05)。肠蠕动试验中,与空白组相比,硫酸阿托品组及复方诃子口服液高剂量组对肠蠕动抑制作用差异极显著(P<0.01),推进率分别为44.18%和52.55%,复方诃子口服液中剂量组差异显著(P<0.05),低剂量组差异不显著(P>0.05)。免疫调节试验中,与空白组相比,模型组白细胞数、脾脏指数及胸腺指数均显著降低(P<0.05);而与模型组相比,第14天复方诃子口服液组白细胞数、脾脏指数及胸腺指数均显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,复方诃子口服液对犊牛大肠杆菌性腹泻具有抑制肠蠕动、解热、抗疼痛和组织液渗出、中和肠毒素及增强免疫功能等药理作用。 相似文献
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试验旨在评价聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（polyvinylpyrrolidone,PVP）对公猪精液冷冻的影响。试验分为5组,分别为对照组（不添加PVP）和PVP处理组（在冷冻基础液中分别加入0.25%、0.50%、1.00%、2.00% PVP）。采用手握法采集松辽黑猪精液,用5种冷冻基础液稀释,在25 ℃平衡1 h,17 ℃平衡2 h,4 ℃平衡3 h后灌装于0.5 mL细管中,在液氮上方3 cm处熏蒸10 min,保存在液氮罐中30 d后进行检测。样本解冻后分别检测精子活力、质膜完整性、顶体完整性、线粒体活性、DNA完整性、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）活性、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathioneperoxidase,GSH-Px）活性、活性氧簇（reactive oxygen species,ROS）水平及丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,冷冻基础液中添加0.50% PVP显著提高冻融后精子的活力、质膜完整性、顶体完整性、线粒体活性、CAT活性、SOD活性、GSH-Px活性（P<0.05）,显著降低精子ROS和MDA水平（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,添加PVP有利于提高DNA完整性,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。因此,猪精液冷冻基础液中添加PVP可改善冻融后精子质量,添加0.50%效果最佳。 相似文献
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降雨和风干对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取蜡熟期去穂玉米秸秆粉碎后分为模拟降雨组(通过人工喷水模拟降雨,每2h喷洒一次,每次喷水2l/t,一天3次)、风干组(自然风干6h)、对照组(不做任何处理),研究降雨和风干对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响。结果表明:3组干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)含量均呈下降趋势。青贮50d时,对照组DM显著高于模拟降雨组但低于风干组(P<0.05),干物质损失率均显著低于两试验组(P<0.05),CP含量显著高于模拟降雨组和风干组(P<0.05);模拟降雨组可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量在青贮过程中始终处于最低水平,青贮50d时,WSC仅为4.87%,显著低于风干组和对照组(P<0.05);3组的pH值均在青贮前5d显著降低(P<0.05),对照组在青贮10d后pH值降低到4.0以下且检测不到霉菌,风干组在青贮20d时检测不到霉菌;青贮50d时,对照组乙酸、乳酸和乳酸菌含量均显著高于两试验组(P<0.05),NDF含量、NH_3-N含量、pH值和酵母菌显著低于两试验组(P<0.05),此时模拟降雨组检测到霉菌,其他两组均未检测到霉菌。因此,青贮时应避免雨淋和风干,蜡熟期去穂玉米青贮时水分为75%较为适宜。 相似文献
18.
Three studies were undertaken to determine the effects of amount, timing and distribution of simulated rainfall on the developmental success of Haemonchus contortus. Faeces containing H. contortus eggs were deposited onto pasture plots under a rainfall-activated retractable roof which eliminated incident rainfall. In October (spring) 2004 and January (summer) 2005, the effects of amount (6, 12, 18 or 24 mm) and timing (1, 4, 8 or 15 days post-faecal deposition) of a single simulated rainfall event was investigated via manual application of water to plots. More H. contortus pre-infective larvae (L1 and L2) developed under the d 1 simulated rainfall treatment than later treatments. There was no effect of rainfall amount on development in either experiment, and negligible development to infective larvae (L3). In February (summer) 2006, the effects of amount (12, 24 or 32 mm) and distribution (single event or three smaller but equal split events over 32 h) of simulated rainfall events was investigated with water applied via sprinkler. In this experiment L3 were recovered from the herbage in one-third of the plots harvested, however recovery was low (0.08% of eggs deposited) and there were no treatment effects. Recovery of L1 and L2 from faeces increased with simulated rainfall amount at d 4, and more L1 and L2 were recovered from the split distribution treatment at d 4. The results indicate that moisture conditions soon after faecal deposition are key determinants of H. contortus development success, with significant penalties on development when simulated rainfall was applied 7 days or more post-deposition, and when the duration of simulated rainfall was short. High rates of evaporation during both summer experiments resulted in rapid drying of the micro-environment and this appears to have limited development to L3. 相似文献
19.
为验证新兽药白虎定喘口服液的药效作用,进行了鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（infectious bronchitis virus,IBV）鸡胚增殖抑制试验、气管纤毛运动试验及SPF雏鸡人工感染IBV疗效试验。将试验药液与等量IBV液混合作用后,接种11日龄SPF鸡胚,37℃孵育168 h,取存活鸡胚肾脏进行IBV的RT-PCR检测,结果表明,药物组168 h鸡胚存活率为80%,阳性对照组为20%,两组间差异显著（P<0.05）;试验药物组RT-PCR检测无目的条带出现,而阳性对照组有目的条带出现。40日龄SPF鸡连续用药3 d后,气管内注入0.02 mL墨汁,测量1 min内墨汁移动的距离,结果表明药物组墨汁移动距离极显著大于生理盐水对照组（P<0.01）。17日龄SPF鸡用IBV-M41滴鼻,0.3 mL/只,24 h后开始灌服药液,1 mL/kg,连用5 d,结果表明,试验药物组与攻毒对照组在临床症状计分、痊愈率上均存在显著差异（P<0.05）;试验组气管黏膜组织切片未见明显病变,而阳性对照组有明显病理变化。以上试验结果表明,白虎定喘口服液对IBV具有较好的体外抑制作用,可显著促进气管纤毛的运动,对鸡传染性支气管炎（IB）具有较好的临床防制效果。 相似文献