共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 781 毫秒
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原人参三醇(PPT)是具有达玛烷型结构构成人参皂苷的3种苷元之一。大量现代研究表明,PPT及其衍生物具有广泛的生理活性。本文参考大量文献资料,综述了有关PPT提取、分离纯化、含量测定及其衍生物的生理活性的研究进展,以期为开发利用PPT及其衍生物提供有用的参考。 相似文献
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茶鲜叶中糖苷类香气前体的液质联用分析 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
利用AmberliteXAD-2为填料的柱层析方法,初步分离了茶鲜叶中的糖苷类香气前体。茶叶粗酶(丙酮粉)能有效水解糖苷类香气前体,并释放出挥发性的配基,进而用气相色谱方法对其苷元部分进行了分析。在茶树槠叶种鲜叶中,顺-3-己烯醇、芳樟醇及其氧化物(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)、香叶醇、水杨酸甲酯、苯甲醇和2-苯乙醇是糖苷类香气前体的主要苷元。不同季节的茶树鲜叶中糖苷类香气前体在苷元组成上基本一致。对糖苷类香气前体的液质联用分析结果表明,这类糖苷主要以双糖苷(C5-C6)形式存在,这与在其它茶树品种上(薮北种、毛蟹、水仙、槠叶种)的研究结果高度一致。 相似文献
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利用同源克隆和RACE(Rapid amplification of cDNA ends)技术从甘蓝型油菜中克隆到精氨酸脱羧酶(Arginine decarboxylase,ADC)基因cDNA全长序列,命名为BnADC。BnADC全长为2 649bp,包含344bp的5′非翻译区(5′ Untranslated region,5′-UTR)、226bp的3′非翻译区(3′ Untranslated region,3′-UTR)和2 079bp的完整开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),编码75.1kD的蛋白质。5′-UTR中含有12bp的uORF (Upstream open reading frame),编码MIRE 4个氨基酸。氨基酸同源性比对表明,BnADC蛋白与其他植物ADC蛋白具有很高的相似性,与芥菜的同源性高达93%;系统进化树分析表明,BnADC与芥菜、拟南芥的ADC亲缘关系较近。在获得全长cDNA的基础上,构建融合表达载体pET30a(+)-BnADC,转化大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）表达菌株BL21(DE3),SDS-PAGE检测到一个约81.1kD的融合蛋白被E. coil表达,且融合蛋白主要存在于菌体沉淀中。 相似文献
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以CO39四叶期水稻苗的叶片为材料,提取水稻基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增获得水稻几丁质酶基因OsRCchil,经序列测定得知该基因大小为1 065 bp,序列比对结果显示,OsRCchil与已知的水稻几丁质酶基因Oryza sativa(japonica cultivar-group)class Ⅲ chitinase RCB4 (Rcb4) mRNA (AF350426)、Oryza sativa chitinasemRNA (AF330230) 及 Oryza sativa subsp.japonica class Ⅲ chitinase(chibl)gene(AF296279)的相似性分别为85.9%、76.2%和75.0%.因此,可以认为OsRCchil基因是class Ⅲ几丁质酶基因家族的一个成员. 相似文献
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基于LC-MS的紫娟烘青绿茶加工过程中花青素变化规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
优化建立了紫娟烘青绿茶中花青素的酸性乙醇提取方法和14种花青素组分的高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS)分析方法,并进一步对烘青绿茶加工过程中花青素组分的变化进行了定量分析。结果显示:在紫娟烘青绿茶中,共检测到9种花青素成分:飞燕草-3-O-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖苷、天竺葵-3-O-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素、天竺葵素、飞燕草素、芍药素、飞燕草-3-O-(6-香豆酰)-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-(6-香豆酰)-半乳糖苷,其中飞燕草类花青素和矢车菊类花青素为紫娟花青素的主要成分。紫娟鲜叶中花青素总量为4.64 mg·g~(-1),经摊放、杀青、揉捻、毛火干燥、足火干燥处理的茶样中花青素总量呈下降趋势,含量分别为4.83、3.74、3.70、2.83、1.82 mg·g~(-1)。高温处理是导致花青素下降的最主要因素,其中矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖苷、飞燕草-3-O-(6-香豆酰)-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-(6-香豆酰)-半乳糖苷的下降最为明显。 相似文献
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本试验采用~(14)C、~3H、~(15)N同位素的三重标识法,测定在有机态氮(精氨酸、谷氨酰胺)与无机态氮NO_3共存的条件下,三种氮化物的吸收量。同时还研究了谷氨酰胺在裸大麦体内如何进行代谢的。材料与方法试验1.将裸大麦爱嫒裸麦一号幼苗放入NO_3做唯一氮源的水培液内培育10天。然后移入NO_3、谷氨酰胺、精氨酸三者(后二者代表有 相似文献
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为掌握湖北省花生种植区土壤中黄曲霉菌的分布和产毒特征,从罗田、红安、钟祥、襄阳四个典型花生种植区采集土壤样品40份,并进行黄曲霉菌分离、鉴定和产毒力研究。研究结果表明:湖北省不同花生种植区共分离鉴定到黄曲霉菌51株,土壤中黄曲霉菌落数为127.5cfu/g。不同种植区土壤中黄曲霉菌分布存在显著差异,钟祥土壤中黄曲霉菌落数最高,罗田最低;鉴定获得黄曲霉菌株中产毒菌株占96%,产毒量范围0～227.81μg/L,不产毒菌株占4%;产毒菌株分为只产AFB_1、产AFB_1+AFB_2、产AFB_1+AFB_2+AFG_1和产AFB_1+AFB_2+AFG_1+AFG_2毒素4种类型,其中以产AFB_1+AFB_2的菌株占比最高,为65%;不同种植区黄曲霉菌株产毒力研究发现,钟祥每克土壤中黄曲霉菌产AFB_1的量最高,达11 679.70μg/L。本研究可为湖北花生黄曲霉毒素污染预警和防控提供理论依据。 相似文献
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本研究以3种木薯品种（‘KU50’‘SC205’和‘SC9’）块根为实验材料,采用色谱-质谱联用非靶向代谢组学技术,对8月龄木薯块茎的代谢物进行差异性分析。通过鉴定共获得77个差异代谢物,主要涉及糖及其衍生物、氨基酸、有机酸等,‘KU50’和‘SC205’两个品种的优势代谢产物（相对含量>15%）均为蔗糖,且二者含量基本相当,‘SC9’的优势代谢产物为蔗糖与果糖;‘SC9’中蔗糖、柠檬酸相对含量显著低于‘KU50’和‘SC205’,但果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖高于二者。利用主成分分析（PCA）发现,3个木薯品种块根代谢物组成结构差异性显著,获得差异显著的33种代谢物中主要涉及糖类及其衍生物、有机酸及其衍生物、生物碱、核苷酸及其衍生物、氨基酸及其衍生物等5个类别。通过GO、KEGG、通路富集分析共注释到14个差异显著性代谢途径,其中,共有16个代谢物富集于氨酰tRNA生物合成途径,9个富集于精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢途径,3个富集于氰基氨基酸代谢途径。本研究通过对3个木薯品种块根代谢物的种类、相对含量、主要代谢物和显著差异代谢物进行分析,阐明了不同木薯品种淀粉品质形成的物质基础。可为后期更好地进行木薯品种改良、品种选育及木薯食品加工提供参考。 相似文献
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不同地域和寄主来源的核盘菌遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
菌核病是由核盘菌[Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]侵染寄主植株所引起。对核盘菌分离物进行遗传多样性和进化关系进行分析,可为抗菌核病育种及制定防控策略提供依据。本研究利用SSR分子标记对采自不同地区和寄主来源的32个核盘菌分离物进行遗传多样性分析,17对SSR引物共检测到69个多态性位点,平均每对引物检测到4.06个位点。其中,引物AF377908-1/AF377908-2和AF377922-1/AF377922-2的等位变异数目最多,高达8个,而引物AF377903-1/AF377903-2和 AF377925-1/AF377925-2的等位变异数目最少,为2个。17个SSR 引物的多态性信息量（PIC）的平均值为0.56,引物AF377922-1/AF377922-2的PIC最高,为0.78。聚类分析显示,32个核盘菌分离物可划分为5个组群,来自同一地区的大部分核盘菌分离物聚在相同或相近的组内,表明核盘菌群体内的SSR遗传背景基本一致,而群体间的遗传变异较大。 相似文献
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为了筛选优良的新型小麦雄性不育系，对斯卑尔脱、云南铁壳麦、提莫非维小麦、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草等四种异源细胞质在同核异质条件下对不育系及其杂种一代的种子长度、重量及杂种优势的遗传效应作了比较研究。结果表明，斯卑尔脱细胞质对小麦种子大小、重量具有明显正效应，且筛选出了两个由其所配制的具明显杂种优势的杂交组合。这说明，斯卑尔脱细胞质不育系在栽培小麦中易于找到恢复源且恢复度高，其对种子大小和重量的稳定的正效应可能是产生较强杂种优势组合的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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W. Schuphan E. Schwerdtfeger 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1972,21(3):141-157
Biochemical pathways of a bulb forming plant (Allium cepa L.) have been studied between 1957–1960 (Schuphan). New experiments involving different techniques were started in 1969 (Schwerdtfeger). The results from the investigations to-date can be summarized as follows: 1. a) In the portion of the young plant developing into a ripe bulb via one or two states of growth there is a continued increase in dry matter content, particularly as the bulb develops from phase I to phase II, it remains practically stationary between phase II to phase III and declines slightly in phase IV, the state in which the bulb reaches its physiological ripeness and is suitable for winter storage. b) Monosaccharides show a similar though modest rise, whilst disaccharides show a marked increase particularly between phase I and phase II. c) There is a considerable increase in S-containing essential onion oils, whilst d) ascorbic acid decreases only moderately. e) The ‘Relative Protein Content’ (Protein-N as % of total-N) undergoes a characteristic decrease; the bulb could be thought of as trying to shed the surplus of certain N-compounds which are not conducive to the storage life of the bulb. f) Amino acids do not react uniformally. This is probably due to their different functions e.g. in transamination. In this respect arginine in addition to glutamic acid appears to play a special role providing evidence thatA. cepa belongs to a rather small number of plants using arginine as a pool for N. Arginine has 4 molecules of N of which 2 belong the very active guanidino group. 2. We have chiefly concentrated on the Essential Amino Acids (EAA), since Schuphan (1960) elucidated its special role in plant function. Animal and man are not able to synthesize their EAA, but the plant synthesises all AA including the essential ones. It has been established that growing points (buds) and layers of meristematic tissues — so called ‘active zones’ (Schuphan) — need EAA and accumulate them preferentially. During growth ofA. cepa, arginine content increases by 29%, glutamic acid/glutamine by 7%, whilst most of the contents of the other AA decreases more or less. We believe that these results are highly significant — at least as far as EAA are concerned. Parallel findings were obtained in 1957, 1960, and 1969 independent of the methods of estimation used (microbiology and columm chromatography). 3. The special role of arginine as a pool for N in A.cepa can be eluicidated from results other than those described. In February 1958 we found that the arginine content of sprouted bulbs was 43% of that of non-sprouted controls. On the other hand the content of 8 EAA increased in sprouts, two of them (valine and tryptophan) failed. 4. We are also able to locate the arginine pool in the bulb. The inner scales surrounding the buds contained the highest concentration of arginine. The outer fleshy scales contained 27%, the buds 35% less arginine than the inner scales. 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报(英文)》2020,5(4):166-173
Aflatoxins (AFs) are a group of secondary metabolites belonging to polyketide-derived furanocoumarins produced by Aspergillus fungi. As one type of mycotoxins, AFs are the most carcinogenic and toxic compounds for human and animal health, which might lead to serious contamination on agricultural products including peanut, maize and milk. Moreover, AF contamination in food chain was difficult to be controlled. This review summarizes the research progress on the types, producers and properties of AFs, gene clusters, AF biosynthesis and genetic regulation in major Aspergillus fungi, aiming to provide comprehensive information for developing cost-effective strategies on control of AF contamination in agriculture production and consequent food chain. 相似文献
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K.G. Padmakumaran Nair T. Rajamohan P.A. Kurup 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,53(2):133-144
Feeding coconut kernel along with coconut oil in human volunteers has been found to reduce serum total and LDL cholesterol when compared to feeding coconut oil alone. This effect of the kernel was also observed in rats. Since many plant proteins have been reported to exert a cholesterol lowering effect, a study was carried out on the effect of isolated kernel protein in rats. Feeding kernel protein resulted in lower levels of cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides in the serum and most tissues when compared to casein fed animals. Rats fed kernel protein had (1) increased hepatic degradation of cholesterol to bile acids, (2) increased hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, and (3) decreased esterification of free cholesterol. In the intestine, however, cholesterogenesis was decreased. The kernel protein also caused decreased lipogenesis in the liver and intestine. This beneficial effect of the kernel protein is attributed to its very low lysine/arginine ratio 2.13% lysine and 24.5% arginine. 相似文献