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1.
花生新品种汕油71的选育 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
汕油 71系广东省汕头市农业科学研究所以 [(粤选 58×粤油 32 0 -1 4 ) F4×PI39351 8]第 2代矮杆抗锈材料为母本 ,汕油 2 7为父本进行有性杂交而育成的珍珠豆型花生新品种 ,具有矮杆、抗倒、抗锈性突出、丰产性能好、品质优良和适应性较广等特点。广东省区试平均产量 3 992 .1 0 kg/ hm2 ,比对照汕油 2 7增产8.76% ,生产示范最高产量达 774 6.75kg/ hm2 。汕油 71已在我国南方各省区累计推广种植超过1 0 0 0 0 0 0 hm2。 相似文献
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目前中国大麦总产的 70 %左右用于饲料 ,因此培育高产优质的饲料大麦新品种意义重大。饲料大麦新品系 97- 1 1 7是我所于1 994年采用杂交后代“940 572”( 90 44×岗 2 )为母本 ,“94396 4”[( 841 6 5×成城 1 7)×沪麦8号 ]为父本杂交 ,经过 3年当地及异地 (云南夏繁 )的连续选择 ,1 997年进入鉴定圃 (比对照品种沪麦 1 0号增产 5 7% ) ,1 998年升入品比圃 (比对照品种沪麦 8号增产32 3% ) ,1 999年参加上海市区域试验 ,2 0 0 0年继续参加上海市区域试验及生产试验 ,表现优异 。1 区域试验及生产试验结果1 999年上海市区域试验 ,该品系 … 相似文献
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“双亚七号”品种是采用复合杂交方法 [(6 40 9— 6 6 9× Natasja) F1 × 78— 99]×FR2 ,经混合个体选择育成的。该品种具有出麻率高 ,纤维品质好 ,种子产量高和多抗等优点。区域试验的原茎、纤维和种子每公顷分别为 5 831 .5 kg、6 6 4.3kg和 493.1 kg,分别比对照品种黑亚七号增产 1 0 %、2 3.1 %和 2 2 .5 %。生产试验的原茎、纤维和种子每公顷产量分别为 4785 .4kg、 789.8kg和 5 37.6 kg,分别比对照品种黑亚七号增产 8.7%、 2 7%和34.4% ,长麻率 1 9.5 %比对照高 4个百分点。纤维强度 2 48.9牛顿 ,纤维号 2 0 井 。 相似文献
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《作物研究》2002,16(3):152-152
1 品种来源及选育经过原名“化杀 3号”,母本为双低油菜品种湘油 15号 ,父本为双低油菜新品系 74 2。 1997年春配制组合 ,同年秋进行产量鉴定 ,比湘油 13号增产 16 .7% ,1998～ 1999进行品比试验 ,产量比湘油 15号增产 14 .3% ,生育期长2 d。2 区域试验情况(1)国家 (长江中游区 )油菜区域试验。 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年度 ,平均产量 2 5 6 8kg/hm2 ,比对照增产 17.5 3% ,增产极显著 ,居参试品种 (系 )第一位。2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年度 ,产量比对照增产 2 6 .93% ,达极显著水平 ,居参试品种 (系 )第一位。(2 )湖南省区域试验。 1999～ 2 0 0 0年… 相似文献
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6个甘蔗新品种单点区试结果，闽糖92－505表现最优。其蔗茎产量比CK1（新台糖10号，下同）增产24．9％，比CK2（闽糖70－611，下同）增产24．3％；增产均达极显著；12月上旬蔗糖份17．02％，比CK1高1．92个百分点，比CK2高2．79个百分点，亩含糖量1592公斤，比CK1增糖40．8％，比CK2增48．6％。其次是闽糖92－648，其蔗茎产量比CK1增产16．1％，比CK2增产15．5％，增产均达显著平准，12月上旬蔗糖份16．75％，比CK1高1．65个百分点，比CK2高2．52个百分点；亩含糖量分别比CK1和CK2增加28．6％和35．9％，闽糖92－464位居第三，其蔗茎产量分别比CK1和CK2增产6．7和6．2％，12月上旬蔗糖16．53％，比CK1和CK2分别高出1．43和2．30个百分点。亩含糖量分别比CK1和CK2增加16．8％和23．3％。其余三个品种的综合表现依次为92．142、93－1．19和92－851。这三个品种由于蔗糖茎产量或蔗糖份高，其亩含糖量均比CK1和CK2增糖，增加幅度4．4－17．5％。 相似文献
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温带与亚热带玉米种质在贵州省试验初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
:1999年在南方玉米育种开发中心贵州省夏云县基地进行了玉米杂交种初比试验。参试的白、黄粒组合共 2 80 0份 ,在 2 40 0份黄粒组合中比对照交三单交增产超过10 %的有 18份 ,比 95 0 3增产的有 12份 ,在 40 0份白粒组合中 ,有 34份材料产量超过毕单 4号 ,其中有 2 0份比对照增产 10 %以上。试验证明 ,温带的迟钝型种质在贵州省有一定的适应性和良好的丰产性 ,如西公× 12 3,GY34 9×P138,90 41× 2 0 0、9714 8× 6 2 9等 相似文献
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在皮棉 1433kg·hm-2 产量水平下 ,测定了转B t基因棉花杂种F1、F2 、F3、F4 的产量竞争优势。结果表明 ,F1较B t棉增产 2 4 2 0 % (1 0 5 %— 44 74% ) ,较常规棉增产 2 6 91% (3 2 5 %— 47 89% ) ;F2较B t棉增产 10 2 8% ,较常规棉增产 12 6 8%。增产机理分析表明 ,F1、F2 较B t棉单铃重、衣分、绒重有显著改良 ;较常规棉结铃性有显著改良。F1、F2 、F3、F4 产量竞争优势递减 ,F3、F4 由于结铃性、铃重、衣分退化而出现负效应。生产上要积极研究应用抗虫杂交棉F1,稳妥地研究应用F2 。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献