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1.
土壤质地和移栽方式对棉花无土苗移栽成活率及其生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在沙壤土和粘质土壤棉田,研究了两种移栽方式、地膜覆盖的不同处理对棉花无土育苗移栽成活率及其生长的影响,结果表明,粘质土壤移栽苗成活率较低,缓苗期长;地膜覆盖能显著提高移栽苗成活率,缩短缓苗期。裸地移栽时,沙壤土更有利棉苗株高生长,覆膜条件下粘质土较有利。 相似文献
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大树移栽与管理已经成为目前城市绿化、美化不可缺少的手段和措施.结合实际工作经验,从介绍大树保护性移栽的原则出发,探究了绿化大树移栽的技术措施,包括大树选择、移栽时间选择、移栽前准备、移栽及栽后管理等方面,为提高移栽大树的成功率提供了参考. 相似文献
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高吸水性树脂在园林绿化生产中的应用技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对三种高吸水性树脂基本性能的分析，研究了高吸水性树脂在园林绿化生产中的应用技术。淀粉-丙烯酸接枝共聚物适用于花草育苗、种子包衣等生产周期较短环节；聚丙烯酸盐较适合偏酸性土壤改良贮水、保水使用；丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物较适应盐碱性较大的土壤使用。吸水倍数在400倍以上的高吸水性树脂无实际应用价值。本文可以为花草节水栽培和绿化苗木扦插栽培、大树移栽等园林绿化生产中合理应用高吸水性树脂提供依据。 相似文献
4.
移栽时修剪对茶苗成活率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国茶叶》1989,(1)
目前,茶苗移栽上普遍采取了移栽后及时在离地15～20cm处修剪,目的是想通过修剪使植株减少水分蒸腾,提高茶苗成活率。为了探讨此举的效果和探求提高移栽茶苗成活率的途径,进行了移栽茶苗修剪与打顶的比较试验。材料与方法茶苗移栽试验于1985年10月份进行,供试茶苗为两年生竹枝春品种的扦插苗,地点在中国农科院茶叶研究所试验地内。试验分3个处理,3次重复,共9 相似文献
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[目的]探讨无土育苗棉花优质高产配套栽培技术。[方法]以南抗9号、湘杂棉8号、太D5、鄂杂棉11号为示范品种，采用无土育苗后在铜陵县进行无钵移栽示范，分析无土育苗棉花的各种性状，探讨无土育苗棉花优质高产配套栽培技术。[结果]无土育苗棉花移栽成活率较高，达95％vX上；无土育苗能提高棉花的叶片及根系功能、抗病性、产量及经济效益。南抗9号无土育苗后籽棉产量4254．0kg/hm^2，湘杂棉8号无土育苗后籽棉产量3519．0kg／hm^2，太D5籽棉无土育苗后产量达到4543．5kg／hm^2。提出了无土育苗无钵移栽棉花的配套栽培技术。[结论]为棉花的无土育苗优质高产栽培提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨四川民族学院A、B校区校园绿化植被长势差异大的原因。[方法]分析对比A、B校区绿化带土壤的土层厚度、土壤水分、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾及土壤容重。[结果]B校区绿化土壤存在容重过大,保水保肥能力差的问题;A、B校区绿化土壤都存在土层厚度不达标、有机质含量偏低及氮素、钾素不足等问题。[结论]由于土层薄、有机质含量低,导致土壤保水保肥能力低,是造成植被长势差的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
马铃薯脱毒瓶苗,生长比较细嫩、脆弱,在一般情况下移栽成活率50%左右,甚至更低,对人力、财力是很大的浪费,更是脱毒马铃薯繁育成败至关重要的一环.为此我们通过考察、学习和实践,把外地移栽瓶苗的技术和我们当地的实际情况相结合,在保证脱毒苗成活率的前提下,采用了温室内修畦,利用我们当地特有的草炭土作栽培基质,上铺河沙,成活率达90%以上. 相似文献
10.
【目的】对一品红组培苗移栽技术进行研究。[方法】对一品红茎段进行组织培养,并以此为材料对一品红炼苗时间、移栽地点、移栽时间和移栽基质进行筛选试验。【结果】一品红组培苗应提前7d以上进行炼苗;移栽的时间阜新地区选择在5月初最佳;移栽地点普通温室和智能温室都可;移栽的基质以草炭＋珍珠岩成活率高,在降低成本的情况下,1／2草炭＋1／2园土也比较适合。[结论】通过移栽时间和基质的选择,能有效提高一品红组培苗的成活率。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献