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1.
Monoclonal antibodies specific for different types of intermediate filaments (cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin and neurofilaments) were used to study the histogenesis of canine mammary glands and 57 canine mammary tumors by immunocytochemistry. The intra- and interlobular duct epithelium, acinar, and intralobular myoepithelial cells stained positively for cytokeratin. Peripheral ductal and acinar cells, as well as interstitial cells, stained positively for vimentin. A similar staining pattern was seen in adenomas, complex adenomas, benign mixed tumors, ductular carcinomas, and one myoepithelioma-like tumor. Additionally, cytokeratin positive cells were scattered interstitially in one single adenoma, most complex adenomas, some benign mixed tumors, complex carcinomas, and in the malignant mixed tumors. All stromal cells stained positively for vimentin. The fibrosarcomas were positive only for vimentin, while the following expressed both desmin and cytokeratin: epithelial-like cells in one adenoma, three complex adenomas, the myoepithelioma-like tumor, the single comedo carcinoma, two complex carcinomas, the single lobular carcinoma, one malignant mixed tumor, and three osteosarcomas. Epithelial-like cells in one adenoma, six complex adenomas, two benign mixed tumors, two complex carcinomas, the lobular carcinoma, and the malignant schwannoma stained for neurofilaments. Three tumors, one adenoma, one complex adenoma, and the lobular carcinoma expressed both desmin and neurofilaments in addition to cytokeratin and vimentin. The results show the expression of different types of intermediate filaments and indicate that there might be a stem cell origin in most of the canine mammary tumors.  相似文献   

2.
TopBP1 is aberrantly expressed in human and feline mammary carcinomas, but expression of this BRCA1-related protein has not been investigated in canine mammary carcinomas. In this study, 132 canine mammary tumours (46 benign, 86 carcinomas) were examined immunohistochemically for expression of TopBP1, oestrogen receptor α (ERα), Ki67 and p53. Positive staining for TopBP1 was evident in all canine mammary lesions, although five samples had <20% positive cells. The number of samples with high levels of staining increased in different categories from benign mixed tumour to adenoma to carcinoma. Most TopBP1 staining was nuclear, but both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were observed as the degree of malignancy increased, similar to human and feline mammary carcinomas. Benign mixed tumours, however, had more cytoplasmic staining than adenomas. Expression of p53 and the proliferation marker Ki67 increased from benign mixed tumour to adenoma to carcinoma, but the differences between benign and malignant tumours were more distinct than for TopBP1 expression. ERα expression decreased from malignant to benign tumours, although over half of the benign mixed tumours were negative. TopBP1 was expressed in canine mammary tumours at higher levels than has been reported previously for cats, although the shift in cellular localisation with malignancy was similar.  相似文献   

3.
Expression of a tumor-associated antigen, RCAS1, in canine mammary tumors   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1), one of novel cancer cell-surface antigens, is strongly expressed in invasive cancers. RCAS1 inhibits the in vitro growth of lymphocytes such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and induces apoptotic cell death. We investigated the expression of RCAS1 in canine mammary tumor cell lines and tumor cells by immunohistochemistry, and also in situ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. All canine mammary tumor cell lines expressed RCAS1 at both the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein level. Immunohistochemically, RCAS1 was negative in 100% of normal mammary glands, but was expressed in 100% of malignant tumors examined. In most malignant mammary tumors, RCAS1 was localized in the cytoplasm with no polarity of expression. In benign mammary tumors, it was detected on the luminal surface of the tumor cell. RCAS1 expression or localization was significantly correlated with malignancy. In situ DNA fragmentation of CD3-positive TILs was observed in RCAS1-expressing tumors. RCAS1-expressing tumors, indicating a possible induction of apoptotic cell death in TILs through RCAS1 expression. These observations suggest that RCAS1 probably plays an important role in tumor progression and escape from immune surveillance in canine mammary tumors.  相似文献   

4.
To date, two isoforms of estrogen receptors (ER) have been identified, cloned, and characterized from several species, estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta). Although the presence of ERalpha has been demonstrated in normal and tumoral canine mammary tissues, the issue of ERbeta expression has not been addressed in the dog. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of ERbeta in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of nonaltered mammary gland, 30 malignant (six complex carcinoma, 12 simple carcinoma, three carcinosarcoma, and nine carcinoma or sarcoma in benign tumor), and five benign (one fibroadenoma, one complex papilloma, one complex adenoma, and two benign mixed tumors) mammary tumors of the dog by using a polyclonal ERbeta antibody and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunohistochemical technique. Our results show that high numbers of normal ductal and acinar epithelium and approximately one third of canine mammary tumors express ERbeta. This expression was higher in benign than in malignant tumors. Furthermore, expression was higher in complex and mixed histologic subtypes of malignant tumors when compared with simple subtypes.  相似文献   

5.
Sixty-three cases of benign and malignant canine mammary tumors were analyzed to define the alteration of exons 5-8 for the p53 tumor suppressor gene using polymerase chain reaction direct sequence analysis with paraffin-embedded tissues. Four missense mutations were found in 38 benign mammary tumors (11%), and five missense (one tumor had two missense mutations) and one nonsense mutations were found in 25 mammary carcinomas (20%). These data suggest that the p53 gene alterations might be initiated at an early stage of canine mammary carcinogenesis and p53 mutations might be associated with malignancy. However, there was no evidence of any relationship between the p53 alterations and the histologic types of tumors or breeds of dogs.  相似文献   

6.
We conducted zymography for detecting the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and reverse zymography for the activity of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in canine spontaneous and rat 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumor tissues. The activities of MMPs of canine mammary tumors were quite higher than those of the rat chemically induced tumors. The activities of MMPs were significantly higher in malignant tissues than in benign ones of canine tumors, whereas the activity of only MMP-2 was higher in both benign and malignant rat tumors compared to normal tissues. There were no differences of MMPs activities between benign and malignant rat tumors. The results of reverse zymography indicated that the activities of TIMP-1, -2 and -3 were strikingly higher in rat tumors than in canine tumors. The activities were higher in malignant tissues than in benign ones of dogs, and higher in tumor tissues than in normal mammary tissues of rats. The results of film in situ zymography for tissue localization of gelatinolytic activity showed that the digested area was more extended in malignant tumors than in benign ones of dogs. However, the area was similarly extended in both benign and malignant rat tumors. These results may indicate that the canine spontaneous malignant mammary tumors possess more aggressive nature than the rat chemically induced counterpart, resulting from the high level of MMPs and low level of TIMPs activities of the tumor tissues.  相似文献   

7.
Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is a negative regulator of cell proliferation in human breast cancer. Since there is little information about SSTR2 in canine mammary gland tumor (MGT), we clarified its distribution and expression level in normal mammary gland, benign MGT and malignant MGT. SSTR2 expression determined by immunohistochemical staining was observed in the cytoplasm of luminal epithelial cells. The intensity was negatively correlated with malignancy: normal tissues and some of the benign tumors had the highest levels, while the malignant tumors had little or no SSTR2 expression. As for the Western blotting, SSTR2 protein level in benign tumors was significantly lower than the normal mammary gland. On the other hand, SSTR2 protein levels in two of three malignant tumors were higher than the other groups. These results suggest that SSTR2 expression alters according to the malignancy of canine MGT.  相似文献   

8.
Background: Mammary tumors are the most common type of tumor in female dogs. The histopathological diagnosis is usually made by a hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the tumor, which then requires a pathologist's judgment for assessment of malignancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate an alternative silver staining of some argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) for improving the diagnostic accuracy with mammary tumors.
Hypothesis: There is a correlation between the histopathological diagnosis by AgNOR count and AgNOR area in canine mammary tumors.
Animals: Seventy-three canine mammary tumors from 33 female dogs.
Materials and Methods: The AgNOR staining was evaluated retrospectively in 73 canine mammary tumors with a parallel HE staining as a "Gold Standard." Both a quantitative manual counting method and a qualitative computerized morphometric method were tested.
Result: The result from both methods indicated a clinically relevant difference in the mean values of the AgNOR in the following 4 categories: malignant, benign, hyperplastic, and normal mammary tissue. The counting method was superior, with 89% of the cases given a correct diagnosis of a malignant or a nonmalignant canine mammary tumor. The 2 methods were then compared to test their ability to classify the tumors correctly. Again, the counting method was the most reliable method, with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 76% when the upper 50% of the AgNOR counts were presumed malignant.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The results indicated that an AgNOR test could be an aid to pathologists as a prognostic indicator or to assist them in deciding between a benign or a malignant diagnosis in questionable cases.  相似文献   

9.
In order to evaluate the involvement of c-yes and c-erbB-2 oncogene products, and p53 tumor suppressor protein in canine mammary neoplastic lesions, sections of archived paraffin-embedded samples of 79 mammary tumors were analyzed immunohistochemically using antibodies against human c-yes p62 and c-erbB-2 products and p53. These 79 tumors were divided into 2 groups: 32 benign (2 adenosis, 7 simple adenomas, 14 complex adenomas, and 9 benign mixed mammary tumors) and 47 malignant tumors (26 simple adenocarcinomas, 7 complex adenocarcinomas, 5 solid carcinomas, 2 sclerosing carcinomas, 6 malignant mixed mammary tumors, and 1 malignant myoepithelioma). As a result of immunostaining, 40.6% (13/32) of the benign tumors and 21.3% (10/47) of the malignant tumors expressed the c-Yes oncogene product, ErbB-2 expression was detected in 50% (16/32) of the benign tumors and in 19.1% (9/47) of the malignant tumors. P53 expression was detected in 16% (4/25) of the benign tumors and in 30.6% (11/36) of the malignant tumors. Co-expression of c-Yes and ErbB-2, ErbB-2 and p53, and all 3 products was detected in 6, 1 and 7 tumors, respectively.  相似文献   

10.
Seventy-three mammary tumors and three mammary tissue specimens were examined to elucidate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 in the myoepithelial cells of canine mammary gland tumors. Morphologically, the myoepithelial cells were classified into four types: resting and proliferating cells inside the basement membrane, and spindle- and star-shaped cells proliferating in the outer area of the basement membrane. The characteristics of these myoepithelial cells were confirmed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies raised against keratin, cytokeratin 19, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin. In simple adenoma, a small number of resting myoepithelial cells was immunopositive for BMP-6. In complex adenomas and benign mixed tumors, all types of myoepithelial cells, depending in some cases on their specific location within the tumor, were immunopositive for BMP-6, but almost all of the tubular epithelial cells were immunonegative. Foci consisting of a proliferation of BMP-6-positive star- and spindle-shaped cells had mucinous stroma with marked hyaline and chondroid changes. In contrast, the foci with BMP-6-negative spindle- and star-shaped cells tended to have mucinous stroma without chondroid change. Several types of mesenchymal cells including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and fibroblastlike cells in the mixed tumors, showed an intense immunopositive reaction for the BMP-6 antibody, and were located close to the ectopic cartilage and bone matrix. No significant immunoreactivity for BMP-6 was observed in most of the malignant mammary tumors; only one malignant mixed tumor was examined. All of these findings indicate that BMP-6 expression in myoepithelial cells may increase in complex adenomas and benign mixed tumors in canine mammary glands, and that BMP-6 expression is most intense in the vicinity of chondroid matrix in these tumors.  相似文献   

11.
Cytologic and histologic examination of 91 canine mammary masses was performed by two cytologists and two histopathologists. Ten important cytologic criteria of malignancy for canine mammary tumors were identified. A cytologic grading system for differentiation of benign from malignant mammary tumors was proposed using these criteria. With this system, approximately one fourth of the malignant mammary tumors were given a concordant cytologic diagnosis. Approximately one-half of the benign masses were given a concordant cytologic diagnosis by the two cytologists. One-half of all the tumors examined were given inconclusive cytologic diagnoses by both cytologists. The cytologic identification of spindle cells did not differentiate complex and mixed mammary tumors from simple tumors. Only five of the animals studied died of mammary cancer, precluding a critical analysis of the cytologic criteria for prediction of cancer mortality.  相似文献   

12.
Flow cytometric DNA analysis was done on 132 canine mammary tumors from 99 dogs to evaluate the relation to histology and to clinical staging. Seventy-one tumors (54%) were histologically malignant; 38 (54%) of these were aneuploid and 33 (46%) were diploid. Fifty-two (39%) tumors were histologically benign, of which 45 (87%) were diploid and seven (13%) aneuploid. There were nine dysplastic mammae (7%); two were aneuploid and the rest diploid. DNA indices varied from 0.72 to 2.35. Of 58 mammary carcinomas, 25 (43%) were diploid and 33 (57%) were aneuploid (of the latter, 16 showed hypodiploidy and 17 hyperdiploidy with a predominance between DNA index 1.10 and 1.50). Three tumors (two carcinomas and one malignant mixed tumor) were multiploid with two aneuploid cell populations. The histological type varied within eight tumors, and in four of these the DNA index also varied. DNA indices varied within three tumors with uniform morphology. No correlation was found between DNA index and age of the dogs, nor between DNA index and tumor size. No significant differences were found between DNA index and histology, tumor growth pattern, or tumor location. Benign tumors were smaller than carcinomas, which were smaller than malignant mesenchymal tumors. Tumors growing adherent to the skin were larger than those not adherent to the skin. The regional lymph nodes were examined in 33 cases. No significant difference between the mean DNA index and presence of lymph node metastasis was found. These results show the possibility of using flow cytometry for DNA analysis in canine mammary tumors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

13.
对犬的皮脂腺瘤、肛周腺腺瘤、肛周腺癌、毛基质瘤、间叶性软骨肉瘤、腺样型基底细胞上皮瘤、囊样型基底细胞上皮瘤、水母样型基底细胞上皮瘤、混合型基底细胞上皮瘤、基底鳞状细胞上皮瘤、甲状腺腺瘤、肥大细胞瘤、组织细胞瘤、乳腺良性混合瘤(软骨腺瘤)、乳腺良性混合瘤(肌上皮腺瘤)、恶性肌上皮细胞瘤、乳腺恶性混合瘤(癌肉瘤)、汗腺囊性增生、汗腺腺瘤、汗腺癌等20种24例肿瘤(良性肿瘤14种,恶性肿瘤6种)作了详细的病理组织学描述。  相似文献   

14.
The mitotic index is reported to be correlated with recurrence, mean patient survival, and metastasis of canine hemangiopericytoma (CHP). However, to the authors' knowledge, studies investigating the parameters that can predict recurrence or metastasis of CHP with low mitotic index have not been done. To evaluate growth kinetics of CHP with low mitotic index, a retrospective analysis of the proliferative activity by antiproliferative cell nuclear antigen monoclonal antibody and DNA contents by flow cytometry (FCM) was performed with 21 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded CHP samples. Of the 21 tumors evaluated by FCM, 6 (26.6%) were aneuploid tumors, and 15 (71.4%) were diploid tumors. There was significant correlation between the PCNA index and ploidy pattern. The diploid group had 39.1 +/- 9.2 PCNA index, whereas the aneuploid group's proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index was 63.1 +/- 8.2. The diploid group had mean mitotic index value of 1.140 +/- 0.855, and the aneuploid group had a mean value of 1.067 +/- 0.767. From these results, the CHP samples with low mitotic index were classified into either the aneuploid group with higher PCNA index or the diploid group with lower PCNA index, suggesting that DNA ploidy and proliferative activity may give an indication about malignancy of CHPs with a low mitotic index.  相似文献   

15.
有关酪氨酸磷酸酶基因（Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosometen,PTEN）在乳腺肿瘤中的检测在人医早有报道。为了研究PTEN基因在犬乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达情况,笔者运用实时荧光PCR定量检测了38例不同的犬乳腺肿瘤组织（包括15例良性乳腺肿瘤和23例恶性乳腺肿瘤）、4例正常犬乳腺组织。结果发现：PTEN基因在犬恶性乳腺肿瘤组织中表达量明显低于其在良性乳腺肿瘤和正常乳腺组织中的表达量,两者差异极显著（P〈0.001）;PTEN在良性乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达与正常犬乳腺组织相比,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;发生了淋巴结转移的乳腺癌PTEN基因的表达量与未发生转移的乳腺癌组织的表达量间差异亦不显著（P〉0.05）,且PTEN的表达量与肿瘤组织的大小和发病动物年龄无关。结论：PTEN蛋白表达异常可能与乳腺肿瘤发生、发展相关,可考虑作为判断犬乳腺肿瘤生物学行为和预测的指标。  相似文献   

16.
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17.
In the veterinary literature there are few data concerning the expression of insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-IR) in the canine mammary gland tumors. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of IGF-IR expression and its correlation to the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and progesterone receptor (PR), proteins: Bcl-2, Bax, p53 in canine mammary gland tumors, and also a correlation with other features: bitch's age, tumor diameter, histologic type of tumor, degree of histologic malignancy, proliferate activity. The study was done on 112 epithelial neoplasms: 21 (19%) were adenoma, 38 (34%) complex carcinoma (adenocarcinoma), 47 (42%) simple carcinoma (adenocarcinoma) and 6 (5%) solid carcinoma. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry methods were employed. It was shown that more common and/or higher IGF-IR expression in cells of canine mammary gland tumors was related to the histologic type of cancer of worse prognostic (solid and simple carcinoma), high histologic degree of malignancy (III degrees) but the statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences. We observed the high degree of IGF-IR expression in tumors which displayed the high ERalpha and PR expression. These results suggest the involvement of IGF-IR in the development of hormonosensitive canine mammary tumors. Additionally, the significant positive correlation between expression of IGF-IR and p53, Bax was found. Our study provides some evidence that interactions exist between the IGF-IR and these apoptosis-associated proteins may contribute to the development and progression of canine mammary gland tumors. These results require further investigations.  相似文献   

18.
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19.
HER-2 and HER-3 are transmembrane receptor proteins that are considered to be important but poorly understood biomarkers in canine tumors. In this study, the expression and the localization of HER-2 and HER-3 were evaluated immunohistochemically in canine mammary tumors (n = 64; 12 benign, 52 malignant).HER-2 overexpression was identified in 2/12 (16.7%) benign and in 18/51 (35.3%) malignant cases. HER-3 was expressed in a non-nuclear localization in 11/12 (91.7%) benign and 18/52 (34.6%) malignant tumors. In contrast, HER-3 was expressed in the nucleus of neoplastic cells in 0/12 (0%) benign and 22/52 (42.3%) malignant tumors. Nuclear HER-3 expression was higher in neoplastic epithelial cells compared to myoepithelial cells, and positively correlated with high histological grade and lymphatic vessel invasion. These results suggest that nuclear HER-3 expression is significantly associated with tumor progression and metastasis and may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker in canine malignant mammary tumors.  相似文献   

20.
Slit, a secreted protein, functions as a chemorepellent factor in axon guidance and neuronal migration and as an inhibitor in leukocyte chemotaxis. In humans, slit2 protein attracts endothelial cells and promotes tube formation in the tumor angiogenic mechanism. In this study, we cloned a part of the canine slit subfamily and examined the expression of slit subfamily mRNAs in 3 normal canine mammary glands and 11 mammary tumor samples by RT-PCR. The cloned part of the slit gene sequences showed high similarity to those of the human, mouse, and rat. The mRNAs were expressed at low levels in the normal mammary gland. The expression levels of slit1 mRNA were low in both the normal and tumor tissues. In contrast, the expression of slit2 mRNA increased in most of the malignant mammary tumors, and an increase in slit3 mRNA expression was observed in 2 of the malignant mixed tumors. These results suggest that the expression of slit2 plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis in canine mammary gland tumors and that slit2 can be a putative marker for malignancy diagnosis of these tumors.  相似文献   

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