共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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干旱胁迫对小麦叶片细胞膜透性效应的染色体定位研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过测定干旱胁迫下小麦中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本品种中国春(受体)和Synthetic 6x(供体)叶片的相对电导率和K 相对渗出率,对调控干旱胁迫下功能叶片细胞膜稳定性的染色体进行了定位研究。结果表明,1D,2D,2B,3A,3D,4A,4B,6A,6B,7D和7A等染色体代换系的相对电导率和K 相对渗出率均显著或极显著低于中国春,而其他代换系差异均不显著。表明Synthetic 6x的1D,2B,2D,3A,3D,4A,4B,6A,6B,7D和7A染色体上具有耐旱性基因,而其他染色体与Synthetic 6x的耐旱性无关。研究结果可为小麦抗旱遗传育种研究提供参考依据。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对小麦叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的影响及染色体调控 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以中国春-Synthetic 6x小麦染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,在不同生育时期对其叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量进行测定.结果表明,正常水分条件下(对照),5A、5B代换系叶片的叶绿素含量与5B代换系叶片的类胡萝卜素含量在孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期均显著或极显著高于中国春.干旱胁迫下,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量低于对照,3A、4D代换系叶片的叶绿素含量与2A、4D代换系的类胡萝卜素含量始终显著或极显著高于中国春.由此表明,正常水分条件下,Synthetic 6x的5A、5B染色体上可能存在诱导叶绿素含量增高的有利基因,5B染色体上可能存在诱导类胡萝卜素含量增高的有利基因.干旱胁迫下,Synthetic 6x的3A、4D染色体上可能存在诱导叶绿素含量增高的有利基因,2A、4D染色体上可能存在诱导类胡萝卜素含量增高的有利基因. 相似文献
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盐胁迫对小麦代换系幼苗叶片保护酶活性影响及染色体效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为研究盐胁迫对小麦代换系酶活性的影响,以中国春-Synthetic 6x 染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,通过测定在盐处理条件下幼苗抗氧化酶SOD、POD活性和丙二醛（ MDA）含量变化,并对其相关耐盐特性的基因进行染色体定位。采用霍格兰营养液水培法,设置对照（0 mmol/L NaCl）和盐处理（150 mmol/L NaCl）,在幼苗两叶一心时进行处理,四叶一心时取样,分别测定对照和盐处理条件下幼苗的SOD和POD活性以及MDA含量。在盐胁迫条件下,小麦代换系幼苗SOD和POD活性显著升高,丙二醛含量降低。其中,1A、5A、6A、1B、5B、6B、7B和5D代换系的SOD活性显著或极显著高于母本中国春,2A、1B、2B、3B、5B、6B、5D和6D代换系的相对SOD 活性显著或极显著高于母本中国春;3A、4A、5A、6A、7A、6B和7D代换系的POD 活性显著或极显著高于中国春,4A、5A、6B、1D和7D 代换系的相对POD活性显著或极显著高于中国春。由于保护酶的作用,在盐胁迫条件下,多数代换系MDA含量明显减少,2A、3A、4A、6A、1B、3B、4B、5B、6B、7B、1D、5D和7D代换系的MDA含量显著或极显著低于母本中国春,2A、6A、6B、1D和2D代换系的相对MDA含量显著或极显著低于母本中国春。 Synthetic 6x 的1B、5B、6B 和5D 染色体上可能存在诱导幼苗SOD活性增强的基因,4A、5A、6B和7D染色体上可能存在诱导幼苗POD 活性增强的基因,抑制幼苗MDA含量增高的基因可能存在于2A、6A、6B和1D染色体上。 相似文献
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低磷胁迫对小麦代换系叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的影响及染色体效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,通过测定不同磷处理条件下孕穗期、开花期、灌浆期旗叶的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,研究低磷胁迫对相关生理性状的影响,并对控制其含量的相关基因进行染色体定位.结果表明,低磷胁迫下,中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量在测定的各生育时期中明显低于对照;Synthetic 6x的2A、1B、7B染色体上携有诱导叶绿素含量增高的相关基因;2A、3A、7B、6D染色体上携有诱导类胡萝卜素含量增高的相关基因. 相似文献
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低磷胁迫对小麦代换系可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响及染色体效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,通过测定不同磷处理条件下孕穗期、开花期、灌浆期旗叶的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,研究低磷胁迫对相关生理性状的影响,并对控制可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的相关基因进行染色体定位.结果表明,低磷胁迫下,中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量在测定的各生育时期中明显低于对照;Synthetic 6x的2A、3A、5B、7D染色体上可能存在促进可溶性糖含量增加的基因;3A染色体上可能存在诱导可溶性蛋白含量增加的基因. 相似文献
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以中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,通过测定不同磷处理条件下孕穗期、开花期、灌浆期旗叶的荧光参数,研究低磷胁迫对荧光参数的影响,并对控制荧光参数的相关基因进行染色体定位。结果表明,低磷胁迫导致小麦代换系及其亲本的最大荧光（ Fm）、PSⅡ原初光能转换效率（ Fv/Fm）在测定的各生育时期中明显低于对照,初始荧光（Fo）明显高于对照;Synthetic 6x的3D染色体上可能存在低磷胁迫下调控Fo的有利基因;3B染色体上可能存在调控Fm的有利基因;3B、7D染色体上可能存在调控Fv/Fm的有利基因。 相似文献
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小麦耐热性基因的染色体定位和遗传效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中国春-HOPE染色体代换系为试验材料，利用细胞膜热稳定性和大田生产条件下高温胁迫两种方法，对与耐热性有关的基因进行了染色体定位。结果表明，无论是利用膜热稳定性方法，还是利用大田高温胁迫环境进行耐热性评价的方法，HOPE的2A，3A，2B，3B和4B染色体代换到中国春相应染色体后，均显著提高了中国春的耐热性，证明这些染色体含有与耐热性有关的基因。在大田高温胁迫环境条件下，HOPE的3D，4A，5A和5B染色体也表现与耐热性有关。利用单染色体代换系和不同耐热性代换系杂交组合，对耐热性的基因效应分析结果显示，HOPE2A染色体上的耐热性基因表现为显性效应，3A，2B，3A和4B染色体上的耐热性基因表现为加性效应；3B与4B，3A与2A，3B与2B以及这些染色体上的耐热性基因与2A染色体上的耐热性基因之间均可能存在互作效应。 相似文献
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以具有强抗逆性Synthetic 6×为染色体供体的中国春背景A染色体组代换系为材料,研究了A染色体组各对染色体代换对低氮胁迫下小麦氮效率的影响。结果表明,与CS相比,供体的植株干物质量显著降低,植株含氮量显著增加。用供体A染色体组各对染色体对CS相应染色体进行替换后,各染色体代换系1A～7A的植株干物质量和含氮量数值居于供体和CS之间。其中,6A植株干物质量较CS的降低幅度最小,较供体的增幅最大;5A植株干物质量较CS的降低幅度最大,较供体的增幅最小。供体的植株含氮量显著高于受体CS。与CS相比,2A和6A的植株含氮量显著高于CS,其他代换系与CS的差异不显著。在低氮胁迫条件下,6A和2A的植株氮累积量较供体和CS显著增加。研究表明,小麦植株对低氮条件下的氮素吸收能力表现明显的染色体效应,供体6A和2A含有植株抵御低氮胁迫的氮高效相关基因。 相似文献
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Chromosome substitution lines of the wheat variety ‘Cappelle Desprez’ into ‘Chinese Spring’ were tested for drought tolerance in growth chambers in the Martonvásár phytotron. Three different moisture regimes were created: E1, fully irrigated control; E2, mid-season water stress (preanthesis); and E3, terminal water-stress during grain filling. Data were analysed to estimate the chromosomal location of the genes controlling relative water-content (RWC), relative water-loss (RWL), drought-susceptibility index (DSI) and phenotypic stability in each substitution line. Simultaneous consideration indicated that most of the genes controlling these characters are located on chromosomes 1A, 5A, 7A,4B, 5B, 1D, 3D and 5D. 相似文献
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Six ‘Chinese Spring/Triticum spelta’ substitution lines for chromosomes 1A, 1D (duplicates), 3D (duplicates), 6D, and one ‘Chinese Spring/ Marquis’ substitution line for chromosome 2B were studied for tissue-culture response (TCR). The results reported here indicate that chromosomes 2B and 6D are critical for TCR, whereas chromosome ID affects callus weight only. Chromosomes 1A and 3D were not found to be critical, however, these chromosomes may carry genes with minor effects. 相似文献
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小麦品种苏麦3号抗赤霉病基因的染色体定位研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
本研究以苏麦3号为染色体供体,一套“中国春”小麦单体系列分别作为受体和轮回母本,连续回交4次,并建立两套独立转育的重复系,对赤霉病抗性进行了染色体定位研究。结果表明,重复系Ⅰ中,苏麦3号染色体2B、3B和6B与赤霉病抗性有关;重复系Ⅱ中,染色体7A、2B、3B和6B与赤霉病抗性有关。由此推断,苏麦3号的抗性基因位于染色体2B、3B和6B上,染色体7A是否具有抗性基因,还有待于进一步证实。2D染色体载有促进赤霉病扩展的感病基因。 相似文献
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Chromosome location of genes affecting polyphenol oxidase activity in seeds of common and durum wheat 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
This study used cytogenetic stocks to investigate the chromosomal location of genes responsible for polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in common and durum wheat seeds. Substitution lines of chromosome 2A of hexaploid varieties ‘Cheyenne’, ‘Thatcher’ and ‘Timstein’ in ‘Chinese Spring’ showed significantly higher PPO activity than all other substitution lines of the same variety, with the exception of substitutions of ‘Cheyenne’ chromosome 3A and ‘Thatcher’ chromosome 4B. Substitution lines of chromosome 2A of Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides and of chromosome 2D of ‘Chinese Spring’ into the tetraploid variety ‘Langdon’ showed a significant increase in PPO activity relative to all other substitution lines in Langdon. The gene(s) responsible for high PPO activity in chromosome 2D from ‘Chinese Spring’ was mapped on the long arm within a deletion that represents 24% of the distal part of the arm. This study shows that genes located in homoeologous group 2 play a major role in the activity of PPO in wheat. 相似文献
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Summary A durum wheat cultivar Langdon (LDN) and fourteen disomic D genome chromosome substitution lines of Langdon, where A or B genome chromosomes were replaced with homoeologous D genome chromosomes of Chinese Spring (CS), were used to assess the compensatory effect of the D genome chromosomes on photosynthetic rates at tetraploid level. The LDN 1D(1B) and LDN 3D(3B) lines showed significantly higher photosynthetic rates than Langdon, whereas LDN 1D(1A) and LDN 3D(3A) lines were not greatly different from Langdon. It appears that chromosomes 1B and 3B decrease photosynthesis. This suggests the differentiation of the effects on the photosynthesis within the first and third homoeologous groups. Substitution with the 2D chromosomes did not compensate the effects of either 2A or 2B chromosomes as it reduced photosynthetic rate compared to plant with either chromosomes 2A or 2B. Tetra CS had a higher photosynthetic rate than CS and Penta CS. The photosynthetic rate of CS was similar to that of Penta CS, which lacked one set of D genome. The results suggest that it may be possible to increase photosynthesis, if both sets of the D genome were entirely removed from hexaploid wheat. However, it is difficult to conclude that the lower rate of photosynthesis of the hexaploids was mainly attributable to D genome chromosome effects, because we did not find a dose dependent effect of D genome. Homoeologous differentiation of chromosomes may be involved in photosynthesis. 相似文献
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Summary Studies were made of days to ear emergence under the constant temperatures of 9, 14, 19 and 25°C and 16 h photoperiod in three sets of wheat lines each possessing genotypes differing for developmental responses.Days to ear emergence in three near-isogenic lines of the wheat cultivar Triple Dirk, which differed for vernalization response, increased as the strength of the response increased. At the four temperatures Triple Dirk D (Vrn 1 vrn 2) was not significantly different from normal Triple Dirk (Vrn 1 Vrn 2) but Triple Dirk B (vrn 1 Vrn 2) was significantly (P=0.01) later than normal Triple Dirk at each temperature. This indicates that the vrn 1 allele confers stronger vernalization response than vrn 2 over the range of temperatures (9–24°C). However, Triple Dirk C (vrn 1 vrn 2) failed to head after 120 days at each temperature indicating strong interaction between vrn 1 and vrn 2 with each other (and possibly the Triple Dirk back-ground) to give a much stronger vernalization response than predictions from additivity of their individual effects.The second set comprised the four Chinese Spring/Thatcher chromosome substitution lines CS/T 3B, 6B, 7B and 5D, plus Chinese Spring and Thatcher, and were grown in the unvernalized condition. CS/T 5D was similar in days to ear emergence as Chinese Spring at all four temperatures but the other three lines were earlier to ear emergence, particularly as the temperature increased. Days to ear emergence was fastest at 14°C in all lines, except CS/T 3B, in which it decreased progressively from 9 to 24°C.The third set of Chinese Spring and Thatcher and the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes of Thatcher substituted in Chinese Spring, the group which is considered to be involved in the control of photoperiod sensitivity. The three substitution lines responded differently to temperature compared with Chinese Spring and with each other, with chromosome 2D being the least, and chromosome 2B the most, responsive to temperature. 相似文献