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《中国兽医杂志》2016,(6)
为预防兔球虫病提供依据,采集福州郊区某肉兔场不同日龄肉兔粪便样本587份,采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特计数法对该场兔球虫感染率、OPG值、球虫卵囊在兔群中的分布、球虫种类及优势种等进行调查分析。调查结果显示,该场兔球虫平均感染率为85.86%,平均OPG值为11 865,个体OPG最高达466 000;OPG值在兔群中呈负二项分布。调查共检测出13种艾美耳球虫,均为混合感染,以纳格浦尔艾美耳球虫(E.nagpurensis)、穿孔艾美耳球虫(E.perforans)、大型艾美耳球虫(E.magna)和盲肠艾美耳球虫(E.coecicola)为优势种。 相似文献
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为了调查上海市鸽球虫的感染情况和种类,分别采集奉贤区肉鸽场和信鸽场的110份和44份粪便,以及南汇区肉鸽场的100份粪样,采用麦氏虫卵计数法对粪便球虫卵囊进行计数,收集阳性粪便中的卵囊,经孢子化后进行种类鉴定。结果显示,上海市鸽球虫的平均感染率为52.8%(134/254),平均每克粪便卵囊数(oocyst per gram,OPG)为50 159个,为中度感染。肉鸽感染率(55.2%)和平均OPG(52 110个)均高于信鸽(40.9%和37 583个),奉贤肉鸽感染率(60.9%)高于南汇(49.0%),但南汇肉鸽的OPG(88 634个)明显高于奉贤(25 400个)。从肉鸽阳性粪便中鉴定出5种球虫,即拉氏艾美耳球虫(Eimerialabbeana)、鸽艾美耳球虫(E.columbae)、原鸽艾美耳球虫(E.columbarum)、杜氏艾美耳球虫(E.duculai)以及卡氏艾美耳球虫(E.kapotei),拉氏艾美耳球虫为优势种。在信鸽阳性粪便中鉴定出4种球虫,即拉氏艾美耳球虫、杜氏艾美耳球虫、鸽艾美耳球虫以及原鸽艾美耳球虫,原鸽艾美耳球虫为优势种。本次调查表明上海市肉鸽和信鸽的球虫感染率和粪便OPG均偏高,调查结果为及时做好鸽球虫病的防治提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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为掌握福建省家兔球虫病的发病情况及影响因素,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和卵囊培养法分别对福建省9县市的兔场进行了家兔球虫病感染情况的调查。结果表明,所调查的县市中家兔球虫病平均感染率为44.00%;幼兔的感染率较高,平均达59.33%,种兔的感染率相对较低,平均为4.71%;不同品种感染情况为福建黄兔感染率最高达51.52%,福建白兔较低为4.41%;种兔和幼兔的感染率2013年度分别为15.63%、89.26%明显高于2012年度的3.14%和32.85%;本次共检出12种艾美耳球虫,分别是斯氏艾美耳球虫、中型艾美耳球虫、大型艾美耳球虫、黄艾美耳球虫、新兔艾美耳球虫、野兔艾美耳球虫、纳格浦尔艾美耳球虫、无残艾美耳球虫、长形艾美耳球虫、穿孔艾美耳球虫、梨形艾美耳球虫、肠艾美耳球虫。 相似文献
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为掌握河南省猪场球虫感染情况及感染球虫种类分布,更好地制定切实可行的预防措施,笔者于2018年8—11月和2019年3—5月选取河南省豫东、豫西、豫南、豫北和豫中部分市县的25个规模化猪场及专业户和6个农村散养户猪球虫感染情况和种类分布情况进行了初步的调查,共检查样品2051份。结果显示,仔猪感染日龄主要集中在11~20日龄,猪场阳性率为61.29%,球虫的最高感染率为83.33%,平均感染率为23.29%;其次在1~10日龄,猪场阳性率为41.94%,球虫的最高感染率为66.67%,平均感染率为17.71%;在21~30日龄,猪场阳性率为35.48%,球虫的最高感染率为85.71%,平均感染率为13.35%;在31~40日龄,猪场阳性率为38.71%,球虫的最高感染率为80.00%,平均感染率为7.04%;在41日龄以上猪场阳性率也为48.39%,球虫的最高感染率为37.50%,平均感染率为7.95%。用Miaspro图象分析处理系统测量卵囊、孢子囊大小及卵囊周长、面积、形状因子(卵囊长度:卵囊宽度)等,结合显微镜下观察卵囊、孢子囊、子孢子的形态、大小和数量,共分离、鉴定出河南省各猪场猪感染的球虫有8种,分别是猪等孢球虫(Isospora suis),杨陵艾美耳球虫新种(Eimeria yanglingensis sp.Nov.),种猪艾美耳球虫(E.porci),蒂氏艾美耳球虫(E.debliecki),猪艾美耳球虫(E.suis),极细艾美耳球虫(E.perminuta),粗糙艾美耳球虫(E.scabra)和新蒂氏艾美耳球虫(E.neodebliecki)。研究结果表明:仔猪球虫病在河南省普遍存在,感染种类多达8种,优势虫种和主要致病种为猪等孢球虫。 相似文献
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为了解上海市郊家鸭球虫感染状况,于2008年9～10月,从上海市郊10个鸭场采集了457份粪样,采用饱和盐水漂浮法检查球虫卵囊,并将球虫卵囊置于2.5%重铬酸钾溶液中培养至孢子化,根据形态与结构进行种类鉴定.结果发现,10个鸭场的球虫阳性率为100%,总感染率为61%(278/457).按不同月龄统计,3月龄以内感染率为100%,6,3～6月龄感染率为82%,6～9月龄感染率为70%,9～12月龄感染率为47%,12月龄以上感染率为54%.每克粪便卵囊数(OPG)为300～112 200,平均OPG为4 841.3月龄以内鸭的球虫感染强度最高,平均OPG为37 015.观测了100个孢子化卵囊,鉴定出艾美耳科球虫3属10种,其中艾美耳属(Eimeria)5种(占36%)、温扬属4种(占52%),等孢属1种(占12%).调查表明,上海市郊鸭群普遍感染球虫,3月龄以内鸭的感染率和感染强度最高,是鸭球虫病预防控制的重点;鉴定出的10种球虫中,未检出致病性强的毁灭泰泽球虫(Tyzzeria perniciosa). 相似文献
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本研究采用家兔粪便检查法和球虫卵曩培养法对杨凌某兔场球虫种类和感染情况进行了调查研究。结果表明,家兔球虫总感染率为67.5%,其中3~4月龄幼兔球虫感染率高达95%,15~16月龄的成年兔感染率为40%;鉴定出兔球虫种类8种,全为多种混合感染。优势种为穿孔艾美耳球虫(E.perforans)、黄艾美耳球虫(E.flavescens)、无残艾美耳球虫(E.irresidua)、斯氏艾美耳球虫(E.stiedai),所占比例分别为28.7%,19.3%,18.0%和16.7%。研究结果为该兔场球虫病的防治提供了参考资料。 相似文献
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为了解陕西省某简阳大耳山羊场球虫种类和感染情况,采集不同年龄段简阳大耳山羊新鲜粪便55份,用形态学方法并结合麦克马斯特虫卵计数法(McMaster's method)对该场简阳大耳山羊球虫进行种类鉴定和感染情况调查。结果表明,大耳山羊球虫总感染率为92.7%,其中3月龄~7月龄、10月龄~12月龄、3岁山羊球虫检出率分别为100%、90%和86.7%,各年龄段平均OPG值为3 300、1 050、854。共鉴定出8种山羊球虫,其中阿氏艾美耳球虫(Eimeria arloingi)、雅氏艾美耳球虫(E.ninakohlyakimovae)和艾氏艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)为该羊场优势虫种。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2017,(7)
从湖北省9个地区采集山羊粪便668份,采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和改良麦克马斯特虫卵计数法对采集的样品进行了球虫感染率和感染强度的分析,对山羊球虫种类进行了形态学鉴定。湖北地区山羊球虫总感染率为72.60%,母山羊和公山羊的球虫感染率分别为64.22%和60.06%。大于1岁、6月龄到1岁和小于6月龄山羊的球虫感染率分别为54.70%、62.87%和68.36%,不同性别和不同年龄段山羊的球虫感染率的统计学差异均不显著。天门、咸宁和恩施3个地区的平均OPG(每克粪便卵囊数)分别为2 808、1 107和910。本调查共鉴定出8种羊球虫,即阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)、艾丽艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)、克氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)、羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprovina)、山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprina)、家山羊艾美耳球虫(E.hirci)、约奇艾美耳球虫(E.jolchijevi)和雅氏艾美耳球虫(E.ninakohlyakimovea)。湖北省地区山羊球虫当中的优势虫种是阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)、艾丽艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)和克氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)。 相似文献
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CHEN Mei-zhen ZHANG Jia WANG Shou-kun LIN Xuan CHEN Ren-feng HU Ling-ying CHEN Lin-liu XIE Zhao-wen WEN Fu-li 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(8):2204-2209
In order to investigate coccidium infection of a Rex rabbit farm in Fujian province, 494 fecal samples were collected from different ages of Rex rabbits and examined by McMaster's method and the method of saturated saline flotation.The results showed that the total prevalence was 87.45% and the mean oocysts per gram (OPG) value was 2.56×104.The prevalences of coccidia among each rabbit age were different, and it was highest at the age of about 40 d (98.61%) and about 65 d (98.95%) rabbits.The prevalence and OPG values at the age under 30 d (19.23% and 331) were significantly lower, and the distribution pattern of OPG values was negative binomial distribution in rabbits by using fitting of distributions.In total, 11 species of Eimeria were identified from oocyst-positive samples.The infection of Eimeria was mixed infection with more than two Eimeria species, and mostly of which were infected by 3 to 7 Eimeria species.The dominant species of Eimeria were E.perforans, E.media, E.exigua and E.magna, and their prevalences were 20.15%, 16.79%, 13.94% and 13.48%, respectively. 相似文献
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为调查甘肃省兔艾美耳球虫的感染状况、虫种分布和风险因素,本研究从甘肃省平凉、酒泉、武威地区采集5个不同品种兔的592份粪便样品,提取粪便样品中的基因组DNA,基于艾美耳球虫核糖体第1内转录间隔区（ITS1）设计引物,采用特异性PCR扩增兔艾美耳球虫基因片段。结果发现,兔艾美耳球虫的总感染率为50%（296/592）;通过序列比对分析共鉴定出7种不同的兔艾美耳球虫,分别是大型艾美耳球虫（24.5%,145/592）、肠艾美耳球虫（4.1%,24/592）、中型艾美耳球虫（11.5%,68/592）、穿孔艾美耳球虫（19.8%,117/592）、维氏艾美耳球虫（24.5%,145/592）、小型艾美耳球虫（4.9%,29/592）和盲肠艾美耳球虫（0.84%,5/592）;以大型艾美耳球虫、维氏艾美耳球虫、穿孔艾美耳球虫为优势虫种,同时发现所调查的兔中有多重感染的情况,最多包括四重感染。统计学分析显示,地区因素（P<0.05）、品种因素（P<0.05）和年龄因素（P<0.05）是影响兔艾美耳球虫感染率的风险因素,提示应该针对这3种因素采取有效的防控措施。本研究结果揭示了甘肃省部分地区养殖场兔的艾美耳球虫感染率、虫种分布和感染率的风险因素,为预防和控制甘肃省地区养殖兔的艾美耳球虫病提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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M.G. O''Callaghan 《Veterinary parasitology》1989,30(4):267-272
Faecal samples were examined from 497 domestic and 318 feral goats in South Australia. Oocysts of Eimeria species were detected in 97% of the domestic goats and 3% of the fetal goats. The species of Eimeria identified from domestic goats (and their prevalences) were E. hirci (82%), E. arloingi (81%), E. ninakohlyakimovae (51%), E. alijevi (49%), E. caprina (32%), E. christenseni (29%), E. caprovina (12%), E. jolchijevi (9%) and E. apsheronica (6%). Two of these species, E. caprina and E. jolchijevi, were not found in the feral goats. E. christenseni, E. caprovina and E. jolchijevi were more prevalent in domestic goats < 12 months old than in adults. 相似文献
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Six chicks (3–6 weeks of age) were taken randomly from each of 200 broiler farms in northern Jordan, these chicks were submitted for post-mortem and parasitological examinations. Seven Eimeria spp. were identified: E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. mivati, E. mitis, and E. tenella. Half (50%) of the farms surveyed had all six chicks infected, 23% of the farms were free of the infection. E. tenella was the most prevalent species (39%) followed by E. necatrix (12%), E. brunitti (12%), and E. maxima (10%). Prevalences did not vary by flock size. Also, neither the use of coccidiostat nor previous coccidiosis clinical outbreaks was associated with the prevalence of coccidiosis. 相似文献
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J. Vercruysse 《Veterinary parasitology》1982,10(4):297-306
A survey of the coccidia in domestic sheep and goats was undertaken to ascertain the type of Eimeria species and the number of different coccidial species in individual faecal samples. Simultaneously the prevalence and the oocyst output was investigated in 2234 sheep and 577 goats during a 12-month period. Eight Eimeria species were encountered in sheep: E. ahsata, E. crandallis, E. faurei, E. intricata, E. ovina, E. ovinoidalis, E. pallida and E. parva.
In goats the following species were found: E. ahsata, E. arloingi, E. christenseni, E. crandallis, E. faurei, E. intricata, E. ninakohlyakimovae and E. parva.
The prevalence in sheep was 94% and in goats 85%, multiple parasitism was the rule. No seasonal fluctuation was observed in the prevalence or oocyst output. The sheep and goats' oocyst output was moderate, the mean for both being in the range of 1000–5000 oocysts/g of faeces. 相似文献
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R. T. Chibunda A. P. Muhairwa D. M. Kambarage M. M. A. Mtambo L. J. M. Kusiluka R. R. Kazwala 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1997,31(3-4):191-197
Coccidial oocysts were detected in 35% of 445 cattle in four medium-scale and 20 small-scale dairy farms in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania. The highest prevalence (56%) was observed in animals aged between 5 and 18 months, whereas lower prevalences were observed in calves (29%) aged between 12 days and 4 months and adults (30%). No coccidial oocysts were detected in calves less than 12 days old. The oocyst output was high in calves, followed by weaners; adults had the lowest oocyst output. The number of oocysts per gram of faeces was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in diarrhoeic animals than in non-diarrhoeic animals, and more so in young calves. Eimeria species infecting the animals included Eimeria bovis (68%) and Eimeria zuemii (57%), Eimeria ellipsoidalis (25%), Eimeria cylindrica (23%), Eimeria auburnensis (22%), Eimeria alabamensis (12%) and Eimeria subspherica (5%). Mixed infections involving two or three species were common. Our findings indicate that eimeriosis is common in cattle in Morogoro municipality. 相似文献
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鸡球虫病是由艾美耳球虫引起的一种危害严重的肠道寄生虫病,每年都会给世界各地的养禽业带来巨大的经济损失。目前,该病主要依靠抗球虫药物进行防治,但由于药物的长期及不合理使用导致鸡球虫几乎对所有使用过的抗球虫药均产生耐药性。为研究球虫耐药性产生的分子机制,本实验室前期对柔嫩艾美耳球虫地克珠利耐药株、马杜拉霉素耐药株以及敏感株进行了转录组测序并获得了敏感株与耐药株的差异表达基因,发现柔嫩艾美耳球虫含HD域蛋白（EtHDCP）在耐药株中上调表达。本研究以柔嫩艾美耳球虫敏感株孢子化卵囊cDNA第一链为模板,成功克隆出EtHDCP基因,构建了原核表达重组质粒pGEX-4T-EtHDCP,并成功诱导表达了重组蛋白rEtHDCP。利用qRT-PCR和Western blot对柔嫩艾美耳球虫敏感株不同发育阶段的转录和翻译水平进行分析,结果显示,EtHDCP在第二代裂殖子的转录和翻译水平高于其他三个阶段（未孢子化卵囊、孢子化卵囊和子孢子）。同时利用Western blot分析了EtHDCP在柔嫩艾美耳球虫敏感株、地克珠利耐药株、马杜拉霉素耐药株中的翻译水平,结果显示,EtHDCP在耐药株中的蛋白翻译水平显著高于敏感株。间接免疫荧光定位结果显示,该蛋白主要定位在子孢子和裂殖子的表面以及裂殖子的胞质内。入侵抑制试验表明,抗rEtHDCP多克隆抗体可有效抑制子孢子对宿主细胞的入侵。这些结果说明该蛋白可能参与了虫体在宿主细胞内的生长发育、耐药性的产生以及子孢子入侵宿主细胞的过程。 相似文献
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A survey of the prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis in broiler-chickens was conducted in the municipality of Mashhad, Khorasan, Iran. Eighty-four chicken farms were randomly selected; from each farm, five birds per 10 000 were sampled (as was litter). Serial scraping of the intestinal lining was done in chicks at 3rd and >6th week of age.
The farm-level prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis was 38% (95% CI: 28, 48.47%). Uni- and multi-variable associations were tested between each variable. An increased risk of infection in the broiler was associated with the larger farm, with older chickens, and if the chicken farm were sampled in the winter or spring, using coccidiostat in the food was not associated. The peak oocyst score in the litter occurred at >6th week of age. Most farms (97%) had E. acervulina; (41%) had E. maxima and (12%) had E. tenella. 相似文献
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A study was undertaken to determine the prevalences of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in dairy calves less than 6 months of age in Norway. Faecal samples were collected from a total of 1386 calves, between 3 and 183 days of age, in 136 dairy farms from three different areas of Norway. Faecal samples were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts after concentration and immunofluorescent staining.
Giardia was found in 93% (127 out of 136) of the farms and in 49% (679 out of 1386) of the calves. Cryptosporidium was found in 53% (72 out of 136) of the farms and in 12% (167 out of 1386) of the calves. The level of Giardia and/or Cryptosporidium was low in the majority of the infected calves.
Infection peaked in the age group 2–3 months for both Cryptosporidium and Giardia. The prevalences of both parasites were higher in samples taken during winter than in samples taken during summer, and statistically significant differences were found when prevalences in different age groups of calves were compared between the three areas. A significantly lower prevalence of Cryptosporidium was found in calves housed in shared pens that were thoroughly washed more than three times a year than in calves from pens washed less often. For Giardia there was a trend for decreasing intensity of infection with increasing age in the sampled calves. For Cryptosporidium there was a trend for increasing herd prevalence with increasing number of calves in the herd, but this trend was not statistically significant. Other parameters which were investigated such as housing, feeding or management routines were not associated with prevalence or intensity of infection with either parasite. 相似文献