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1.
Pennisi E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5499):2054-2055
An international consortium announced this week that it has finished the first genome sequence of a higher plant. For plant biologists, the eagerly awaited genome of this small weed, Arabidopsis thaliana, offers a window into the genetic makeup of all plants, including key crops. And it's a clear window indeed, as the six international sequencing teams on three continents have produced a genome sequence that is more complete than that of any multicellular organism which has been published to date. Through this window, they are seeing for the first time that plants may be much more complex than many biologists have imagined. 相似文献
2.
Marshall E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5499):2042-2043
A dispute has been raging behind the scenes for weeks over the conditions under which Celera Genomics is prepared to make its human genome sequence data publicly available. The argument went public on 6 December, when geneticist Michael Ashburner e-mailed an open letter to Science's board of reviewing editors and members of the press slamming an agreement on data release that Science had reached with Celera as a condition for accepting its paper for review. This spat is the latest round in an intense rivalry between Celera president J. Craig Venter and leaders of the Human Genome Project, a publicly funded consortium that has produced its own draft human genome sequence. 相似文献
3.
Due to evolving molecular and informatics technologies, modern genome sequencing projects have more different characteristics than what most biologists have become accustomed to during the capillary-based sequencing era. In this paper, we explore the characteristics that made past insect genome projects successful and place them in the context of next-generation sequencing. By taking into account the intricacies of whitefly biology and the community, we present a roadmap for whitefly-omics, which focuses on the formation of an international consortium, deployment of informatic platforms and realistic generation of reference sequence data. 相似文献
4.
ENCODE Project Consortium 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5696):636-640
The ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project aims to identify all functional elements in the human genome sequence. The pilot phase of the Project is focused on a specified 30 megabases (approximately 1%) of the human genome sequence and is organized as an international consortium of computational and laboratory-based scientists working to develop and apply high-throughput approaches for detecting all sequence elements that confer biological function. The results of this pilot phase will guide future efforts to analyze the entire human genome. 相似文献
5.
X chromosome-linked transmission and expression of retroviral genomes microinjected into mouse zygotes 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A genomic clone consisting of the Moloney leukemia proviral genome with moderately repetitive mouse sequences was microinjected into the pronucleus of a mouse zygote. An animal was derived that carried multiple copies of proviral DNA in a tandem array. No evidence for homologous recombination was obtained. The viral genome was expressed in this animal and was transmitted as a single unit to its offspring. Subsequent breeding studies revealed that the proviral DNA had integrated on an X chromosome. 相似文献
6.
A comparison of whole-genome shotgun-derived mouse chromosome 16 and the human genome 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mural RJ Adams MD Myers EW Smith HO Miklos GL Wides R Halpern A Li PW Sutton GG Nadeau J Salzberg SL Holt RA Kodira CD Lu F Chen L Deng Z Evangelista CC Gan W Heiman TJ Li J Li Z Merkulov GV Milshina NV Naik AK Qi R Shue BC Wang A Wang J Wang X Yan X Ye J Yooseph S Zhao Q Zheng L Zhu SC Biddick K Bolanos R Delcher AL Dew IM Fasulo D Flanigan MJ Huson DH Kravitz SA Miller JR Mobarry CM Reinert K Remington KA Zhang Q Zheng XH Nusskern DR Lai Z Lei Y Zhong W Yao A Guan P Ji RR Gu Z Wang ZY Zhong F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5573):1661-1671
The high degree of similarity between the mouse and human genomes is demonstrated through analysis of the sequence of mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu 16), which was obtained as part of a whole-genome shotgun assembly of the mouse genome. The mouse genome is about 10% smaller than the human genome, owing to a lower repetitive DNA content. Comparison of the structure and protein-coding potential of Mmu 16 with that of the homologous segments of the human genome identifies regions of conserved synteny with human chromosomes (Hsa) 3, 8, 12, 16, 21, and 22. Gene content and order are highly conserved between Mmu 16 and the syntenic blocks of the human genome. Of the 731 predicted genes on Mmu 16, 509 align with orthologs on the corresponding portions of the human genome, 44 are likely paralogous to these genes, and 164 genes have homologs elsewhere in the human genome; there are 14 genes for which we could find no human counterpart. 相似文献
7.
Single-copy inverted repeats associated with regional genetic duplications in gamma fibrinogen and immunoglobulin genes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A J Fornace D E Cummings C M Comeau J A Kant G R Crabtree 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,224(4645):161-164
We have found that a portion (150 base pairs) of the seventh exon of the human gamma fibrinogen gene is duplicated in the preceding intron. This duplicated sequence, termed a "pseudoexon," is flanked on each side by a single-copy inverted repeat sequence consisting of 102 base pairs. Frequencies of point substitutions indicate that both the pseudoexon and the inverted repeat sequence arose approximately 10 to 20 million years ago. The generality of this type of duplication is suggested by the occurrence of a similar duplication in the mouse immunoglobulin mu-delta region. As in the fibrinogen pseudoexon, the portion of the immunoglobulin mu-delta region containing the duplication and the inverted repeat was reported to be single-copy in the mouse genome. Since both of the first two single-copy inverted repeats to be sequenced are associated with regional duplications, it is likely that many of the single-copy inverted repeat sequences, which make up 1 to 2 percent of the genome, are also associated with regional duplications. 相似文献
8.
9.
2012年9月,美国国家人类基因组研究中心资助的DNA元素百科全书(ENCODE)项目随着一系列研究成果,分成30多篇论文在Nature,Genome Research和Genome Biology 3种期刊上相继发表,标志着ENCODE项目的完成。2001年,人类基因组测序完成,解析了人类基因组是由ATGC 4个字母以怎样的排列顺序组成的。但对编码蛋白质的基因及这些基因是怎样调节控制的,基因组中的其他区域哪些参与调控等问题都未能了解。因此,科学界在2003年启动了ENCODE项目,结果表明80%的人类基因组都具有生物学活性。文中在ENCODE项目的相关信息进行论述,旨在引导人们正确认识、了解和应用ENCODE项目的研究成果为人类健康服务。 相似文献
10.
Expression of a microinjected porcine class I major histocompatibility complex gene in transgenic mice 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
W I Frels J A Bluestone R J Hodes M R Capecchi D S Singer 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,228(4699):577-580
A porcine class I major histocompatibility complex (SLA) gene has been introduced into the genome of a C57BL/10 mouse. This transgenic mouse expressed SLA antigen on its cell surfaces and transmitted the gene to offspring, in which the gene is also expressed. Skin grafts of such transgenic mice were rejected by normal C57BL/10 mice, suggesting that the foreign SLA antigen expressed in the transgenic mice is recognized as a functional transplantation antigen. 相似文献
11.
Human-mouse somatic cell hybrids with single human chromosome (group E): link with thymidine kinase activity 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Mouse somatic cells lacking thymidine kinase were mixed in culture with human diploid cells lacking hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, and hybrid cells were isolated and maintained in a selective medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine. The hybrid cells at the time of isolation had karyotypes consisting predominantly of mouse chromosomes but with one human chromosome, a submetacentric member of group E, apparently giving thymidine kinase to the hybrid cell. However, after long-term propagation in the selective medium this chromosome has been lost, although cells continue to show thymidine kinase activity as demonstrated by the incorporation of (3)H-thy-midine into DNA in the hybrid cell. The hybrid cells have only mouse electro-phoretic variants for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase, suggesting that the human genetic loci for these enzymes are not represented in the hybrid genome and may be unlinked to that for thymidine kinase. 相似文献
12.
Altering the genome by homologous recombination 总被引：167，自引：0，他引：167
M R Capecchi 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,244(4910):1288-1292
Homologous recombination between DNA sequences residing in the chromosome and newly introduced, cloned DNA sequences (gene targeting) allows the transfer of any modification of the cloned gene into the genome of a living cell. This article discusses the current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome, and describes the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred. 相似文献
13.
Genetic reconstitution of functional acetylcholine receptor channels in mouse fibroblasts 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
T Claudio W N Green D S Hartman D Hayden H L Paulson F J Sigworth S M Sine A Swedlund 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4834):1688-1694
Foreign genes can be stably integrated into the genome of a cell by means of DNA-mediated gene transfer techniques, and large quantities of homogenous cells that continuously express these gene products can then be isolated. Such an expression system can be used to study the functional consequences of introducing specific mutations into genes and to study the expressed protein in the absence of cellular components with which it is normally in contact. All four Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subunit complementary DNA's were introduced into the genome of a mouse fibroblast cell by DNA-mediated gene transfer. A clonal cell line that stably produced high concentrations of correctly assembled cell surface AChR's and formed proper ligand-gated ion channels was isolated. With this new expression system, recombinant DNA, biochemical, pharmacological, and electrophysiological techniques were combined to study Torpedo AChR's in a single intact system. The physiological and pharmacological profiles of Torpedo AChR's expressed in mouse fibroblast cells differ in some details from those described earlier, and may provide a more accurate reflection of the properties of this receptor in its natural environment. 相似文献
14.
A general method for the chromosomal amplification of genes in yeast 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
The yeast retrotransposon Ty can be used to insert multiple copies of a gene at new sites in the genome. The gene of interest is inserted into a GALI-Ty fusion construct; the entire "amplification cassette" is then introduced into yeast on a high copy number plasmid vector. Transposition of the Ty element carrying the gene occurs at multiple sites in the genome. Two genes, a bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase gene and the yeast TRPl gene, were amplified in this way. Although the amplified genes were about 1 kilobase in length, they were amplified to about the same extent as a 40-base pair segment. The benefit of this "shotgun" approach is that amplification can be achieved in one set of manipulations. 相似文献
15.
近十年来,双壳类在水产业中的地位日趋重要。由于对赤潮的发生存有预警作用,其在环境科学中的价值日益受到重视。有关双壳类基因组学和蛋白质组学的研究进展很快。上世纪,双壳类基因组结构、功能和进化等方面的研究才刚刚开始,现在已经开始研究双壳类基因连锁图谱、基因转录和蛋白质组学。与双壳贝类生产性能相关的分子生物学特性研究报道越来越多。主要的研究热点是双壳类重大疾病的易感性、双壳类对环境压力的耐受力以及生长状况的分子基础等。太平洋牡蛎（Crassostreagigas）是目前双壳类基因组关注的焦点,被推荐为首选的双壳类基因组学模式动物,正在筹划对其进行全基因组测序。明确了双壳类在污染监测中的作用,可以从双壳类细胞和机体与共息生物之间的关系来进一步研究,由此扩展到浮游植物的毒理效应领域的基因组研究。从养殖增殖考虑,今后需重点对双壳类的生长、性别决定和生殖腺发育等方面的基因调控以及幼虫阶段的某些基本过程的基因控制方面进行研究,进而推广到实际生产应用中。 相似文献
16.
[目的]实现畜禽粪便的无害化要求,优化堆肥工艺。[方法]在分析好氧堆肥温度变化确定堆肥进行程度的基础上,研究复合菌剂对好氧堆肥养分组成变化的影响。[结果]接种复合菌剂在加速碳素分解、缩短堆肥周期的同时,能够使有机碳含量和C/N分别比不接种复合菌剂降低4.68%和7.08%,使全氮量、水解性氮含量、有效磷含量分别比不接种复合菌剂提高2.59%、10.98%和3.76%,而复合菌剂对于速效钾含量的影响并不明显。[结论]复合菌剂的接种能够提高肥效,确保生产出优质的堆肥产品。 相似文献
17.
《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,259(5103):1812
In the Random Samples item "Charting biodiversity to guide conservation" (5 Feb., p. 758), Janis Alcom should have been described as the "director of CNA ['conservation needs assessment'] at the Biodiversity Support Program, a consortium of the World Wildlife Fund, the World Resources Institute, and the Nature Conservancy." 相似文献
18.
The genomes of human, mouse, and rat have been sequenced. Now, as O'Brien and Murphy announce in their Perspective, the genome sequence derby is heating up with the addition of dog to the list (Kirkness et al.). As they explain, even though the coverage of the dog genome (1.5x) is lower than that of mouse (8x), there are many valuable insights to be gained from comparing the sequence of dog with those of mouse and human. 相似文献
19.
表达葡萄糖氧化酶基因抗晚疫病马铃薯的培育 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
葡萄糖氧化酶催化分子氧氧化b-D葡萄糖产生葡萄糖酸和H2O2。产生H2O2和其它活性氧物质是植物对病原体侵入的防御反应。实验证明H2O2水平升高不仅可诱发细胞过敏坏死反应，而且还能激活抗病基因表达如植物抗毒素及诱导病原相关蛋白（PR）等基因的表达。通过农杆菌介导将来自黑麴霉（Aspergillus niger)的葡萄糖氧化酶基因转入2个马铃薯重要栽培品种大西洋（Atlantic)和夏普蒂（Shepody)中获得23个转基因株系，其中75％为Kan抗性植株。在23个转基因株系中有16个株系可用PCR扩增出目的基因。进一步用核酸斑点杂交选出13个杂交阳性株系。转基因植物总DNA的Southem blot分析表明，GO基因已整合到马铃薯四倍体基因组中，转基因大西洋植株中目的基因为2－4个拷贝，而夏普蒂转基因植株中为1个拷贝。将转基因植株离体叶妆种呼和浩特地区流行的Phytophthoro infestans的复合生理小种1，3，4孢子。结果表明，和未转基因对照组相比转基因植株病斑出现时间晚，病斑扩展速度慢，发病程度轻，感病叶片少。总体上表现出较明显抗病性。转基因大西洋中抗性株系多于夏普蒂。转基因马铃薯植株体内H2O2含量测定表明，转基因马铃薯植株的根系和叶片在KI－淀粉培养基上数天后变为蓝色，而未转基因对照植株的根系和叶片变化不明显。试验表明，转基因马铃薯植株对晚疫病的抗性和体风H2O2含量水平呈正相关。还对马铃薯转化中再生小植株诱导，转基因植株中GO基因拷贝数，对晚疫病抗性的鉴定以及表达葡萄糖氧化酶基因的转基因马铃薯产生抗性的机理等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
20.
CRISPRs-Cas 系统是一种细菌获得性免疫系统,为一段规律成簇间隔短回文重复,保护细菌和古生菌
免遭病毒、质粒等的入侵。这种免疫系统是由一种小RNA 和多结构域蛋白质/蛋白复合物构成, 其作用机理可能与真
核生物的RNA 干扰过程类似。这个系统已发展为一种高效、特异、操作简单易行的基因修饰工具,与TALEN、ZFN 相
比,CRISPR-Cas 系统的出现使得基因编辑变得更加有效和简易,具有更大的潜力。CRISPR/Cas 系统已成功应用到细
胞、干细胞、小鼠、斑马鱼及植物等多种生物,显示了其强大的基因编辑优点。综述了CRISPR-Cas 系统的技术原理及
其在生物学研究中的应用最新研究进展并探讨了该技术的发展前景。 相似文献