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1.
A. Moussart M. N. Even B. Tivoli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(3):321-333
The susceptibility/resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches of various genotypes (cultivars and breeding lines) of several grain legume species was assessed in controlled conditions.
A total of 279 genotypes from the major grain legumes grown in temperate climates (faba bean, chickpea, lentil, lupin and
common vetch) and three other legumes frequently cultivated in France (French bean, clover and alfalfa) were screened with
one pea-infecting isolate from France. Four different categories of susceptibility/resistance were identified among the legume
species/cultivars tested with the pea A. euteiches isolate: (1) susceptible legume species (lentil, alfalfa, French bean) among which low levels of partial resistance was observed;
(2) legume species including susceptible genotypes and genotypes with high levels of resistance (common vetch, faba bean and
clover), (3) species with a very high level of resistance (chickpea) and (4) species displaying no symptoms (lupin). It is
therefore important to consider pathogen-species and pathogen-genotype interactions when defining the host specificity of
A. euteiches and considering the possible role of different legume species in increasing or decreasing the soil inoculum potential. 相似文献
2.
Jens P. Levenfors Mariann Wikström Lars Persson Berndt Gerhardson 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(6):535-543
Host range and pathogenicity of a range of Aphanomyces spp. isolates obtained from pea roots but also from a range of other field-grown leguminous crops in southern Sweden was investigated. The Aphanomyces euteiches isolates originating from pea and the few obtained isolates originating from alfalfa, green bean and yellow sweet-clover were highly pathogenic only to pea. The A. euteiches isolated from common vetch differed from these isolates by being weakly pathogenic to pea and other legumes, but highly pathogenic to common vetch. Vetch isolates also formed a well-defined separate cluster based on principal component analysis of pathogenicity pattern on tested crops. Oospores of A. euteiches were observed in root tissue of pea as well as common vetch, alfalfa, green bean, broad bean, red clover and yellow sweet-clover in the greenhouse pathogenicity tests. An Aphanomyces sp. that morphologically differed from A. euteiches, was frequently isolated from several leguminous plants, but was non-pathogenic to all tested crops in the pathogenicity tests. In isozyme analysis the banding pattern of these isolates resembled the pattern of A. cladogamus. Another, different and so far unidentified Aphanomyces sp. from roots of green bean and broad bean, was also non-pathogenic to the tested legume species. Based on the isolates tested, the results obtained suggest that the population of Aphanomyces spp. infecting legume roots in Sweden consists of a pea-specific and a vetch-specific group of A. euteiches. Two other groups comprised (i) Aphanomyces sp. isolates that resembled A. cladogamus, and (ii) isolates, which resembled neither A. euteiches nor A. cladogamus. In addition, the host range of Swedish A. euteiches isolates was not as broad as reported for A. euteiches isolates from other countries. 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACT Pathogenic and genotypic variability among four populations of Aphanomyces euteiches from individual fields in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Oregon were investigated using pathogenicity and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. About 50 strains were isolated from each of two pea fields in Minnesota, and 11 and 6 strains from pea fields in Wisconsin and Oregon, respectively, using pea (Pisum sativum) as a baiting host. Pathogenic variability and host range were evaluated in greenhouse studies with five pea lines or cultivars having different levels of resistance to Aphanomyces root rot and one cultivar each of alfalfa and snap bean. All strains were pathogenic on one or more pea cultivars, and 18 and 14% were pathogenic on alfalfa and bean, respectively. Disease severity incited by different strains varied significantly on individual pea cultivars and on all hosts combined. The percentage of strains pathogenic on different hosts varied among locations. Genotypic variation among all 114 strains was evaluated with RAPD analysis. Ten decanucleotide primers detected 92 polymorphic bands. Cluster and principal coordinates analysis revealed one large group containing 102 of the 114 strains from all locations. Two closely related minor groups of strains (12 strains) were genotypically distinct, with about 55% similarity to the main group of 102 strains. The strains in the minor groups were all isolated from the Minnesota locations and were pathogenic on two disease-resistant pea breeding lines (MN313 and MN314). Estimates of genetic diversity based on RAPD analysis ranged from 0.24 to 0.33 within populations to 0.35 among all strains from all populations. A. euteiches populations were genotypically and phenotypically variable, but no distinct genotypic differences were identified among populations from the four isolated locations. 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACT The role of asexual reproduction in the production of pathogenic and genotypic variation in Aphanomyces euteiches was investigated. Variation was studied among three groups of 18 single-zoospore progeny of A. euteiches derived from each of three single-zoospore parental strains. Pathogenicity was assessed by evaluating disease severity (DS) on roots of five pea lines possessing different levels of resistance to Aphanomyces root rot and of a susceptible cultivar of snap bean and alfalfa. None of the single-zoospore progeny incited significantly higher DS levels than their parental strain on any of the seven hosts; however, 3 or 4 of the 18 progeny in each group incited significantly lower DS than their parental strains. The host range of the progeny either decreased or remained the same as compared with parental strains. Genotypic variation was assessed with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Polymorphic RAPD markers that distinguished parental and progeny strains were detected within two of the three groups of strains with two of four RAPD primers used. Of 76 total RAPD markers that were detected among all strains in all groups, four (5%) were polymorphic. The polymorphic markers were not associated with the pathogenic variation. 相似文献
5.
ABSTRACT Relatively little is known about the population biology of the legume pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches. A. euteiches is a soilborne pathogen causing Aphanomyces root rot of several legumes, including alfalfa, bean, lentil, and pea. Our objectives were to assess the degree of diversity, selfing, and population differentiation in A. euteiches. We contrasted populations within and among two geographically separated fields with a history of pea production. Molecular genotyping relied on amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Samples of A. euteiches recovered from two fields in northeast Oregon and western Washington confirmed previous reports of moderately high genetic diversity in populations of A. euteiches at the regional scale, but revealed higher-than-expected genotypic diversity within individual soil samples. Populations of A. euteiches were significantly differentiated at the soil sample, field, and regional level. The population structure appears to be patterned by regular selfing via oospores, a mixed reproductive system including both asexual and sexual reproduction, with occasional migration of novel genotypes or outcrossing. 相似文献
6.
Emmanuel Wicker Francis Rouxel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(9):919-929
The pathogenic variability of Aphanomyces euteiches on pea was investigated using a collection of 88 pea-infecting isolates from France and 21 isolates from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, USA, Canada and New Zealand. Aggressiveness and virulence were assessed by scoring the root symptoms on a differential set of six pea genotypes. Eleven virulence types were characterised. The virulence type I, previously described as virulent on the whole set, was predominant and included the most aggressive isolates of all geographical origins. The other types were much less prevalent, existing as one to five isolates. Three virulence types (III, IV and V) contained no French isolates. The type III, avirulent on MN313, was composed of American isolates only, and resembled the major group recently described in the USA. A wide range of aggressiveness was found within the virulence type I, and the French isolates appeared globally more aggressive than the foreign isolates. These findings indicate that isolates from the virulence type I should be used as references in breeding programs, and that pea lines PI180693 and 552 may be the most interesting resistance sources to date, despite their only partial resistance. 相似文献
7.
Pilet-Nayel ML Muehlbauer FJ McGee RJ Kraft JM Baranger A Coyne CJ 《Phytopathology》2005,95(11):1287-1293
ABSTRACT Development of pea cultivars resistant to Aphanomyces root rot, the most destructive root disease of pea worldwide, is a major disease management objective. In a previous study of a mapping population of 127 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross 'Puget' (susceptible) x '90-2079' (partially resistant), we identified seven genomic regions, including a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), Aph1, associated with partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in U.S. fields (21). The objective of the present study was to evaluate, in the same mapping population, the specificity versus consistency of Aphanomyces resistance QTL under two screening conditions (greenhouse and field, by comparison with the previous study) and with two isolates of Aphanomyces euteiches originating from the United States and France. The 127 RILs were evaluated in the greenhouse for resistance to pure culture isolates SP7 (United States) and Ae106 (France). Using the genetic map previously described, a total of 10 QTL were identified for resistance in greenhouse conditions to the two isolates. Among these were Aph1, Aph2, and Aph3, previously detected for partial field resistance in the United States. Aph1 and Aph3 were detected with both isolates and Aph2 with only the French isolate. Seven additional QTL were specifically detected with one of the two isolates and were not identified for partial field resistance in the United States. The consistency of the detected resistance QTL over two screening environments and isolates is discussed with regard to pathogen variability, and disease assessment and QTL detection methods. This study suggests the usefulness of three consistent QTL, Aph1, Aph2, and Aph3, for marker-assisted selection. 相似文献
8.
9.
Dean K. Malvick Niklaus J. Grünwald Alan T. Dyer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(2):171-182
Aphanomyces euteiches (races 1 and 2) causes root rot of alfalfa; however, its population biology and distribution are poorly understood where
alfalfa is a major crop. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterise the distribution and frequency of races of
A. euteiches in Illinois alfalfa fields, (2) determine host range of A. euteiches on cultivated and native legumes, and (iii) to describe genetic diversity and population genetic structure of A. euteiches in alfalfa fields. To accomplish this, soil samples (n = 103) were collected from 30 alfalfa fields in 18 Illinois counties. Using the susceptible cv. ‘Saranac’, 148 isolates of
A. euteiches were baited from the soil. The virulence phenotype of isolates representing all 18 counties was tested, and 54% were R1 and
46% were R2. Both races were detected in 61% of the counties, whereas only R1 was detected in 22% and R2 in 17%. Thirteen
legume hosts for isolates from alfalfa fields were identified based on symptoms and/or production of oospores in roots. In
addition to six previously known hosts, seven species were susceptible to infection: kura clover, purple prairie clover, white
prairie clover, ladino clover, hairy vetch, Canadian milk vetch, and Illinois tick trefoil. AFLP analysis revealed high levels
of genetic diversity among the isolates from different fields and counties and a lack of genetic structuring of populations
based on race or geographical origin. The results suggest that populations of A. euteiches in alfalfa fields are diverse, often composed of races 1 and 2, and create risk for alfalfa and to multiple cultivated and
native legume species. 相似文献
10.
Emmanuel Wicker Anne Moussart Martine Duparque Francis Rouxel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(1):47-60
Common root rot (Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs.) has become a very destructive disease in the French pea crops since 1993. For an accurate investigation of the virulence variability among French A. euteiches populations and between French and foreign populations, a new set of differential pea genotypes was developed. Thirty-three American and European pea lines, displaying different levels of resistance, were screened in a growth chamber against two French isolates. Symptoms (disease severity from 0 to 5, evaluating symptom surface on roots and epicotyl) and percentage of top fresh weight (inoculated/uninoculated top fresh weight ratio) were measured. From this screening 12 relatively resistant lines, from various genetic backgrounds, were identified along with a highly susceptible control. This set of 13 genotypes was inoculated under controlled conditions with 14 isolates from France, Sweden, USA, Canada and New Zealand, to investigate genotype–isolate interactions. Root symptoms were rated (disease severity), and a susceptibility/resistance threshold was established at disease severity = 1. Significant quantitative interactions were observed, and five 'resistance patterns' were identified, leading to a set of six pea genotypes: Baccara (susceptible), Capella, MN313, 902131, 552 and PI180693. Fields trials of this set in 1999 and 2000 gave the same resistance rankings than in growth chamber conditions. This set will allow more accurate assessments of the variability in virulence/aggressiveness of A. euteiches isolates from France and foreign countries, and further investigations of the epidemiological and genetic basis of pea–A. euteiches interactions. 相似文献
11.
The consequence of 10 successive monocultural cycles involving different legume species/cultivars on the inoculum potential (IP) of soils naturally infested by Aphanomyces euteiches was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the IP of a soil naturally infested by A. euteiches can be significantly modified not only by the non‐host or host status of crop species but also by the level of resistance of the cultivar. Susceptible species/cultivars (pea, lentil and susceptible cultivars of vetch and faba bean) are very favourable to pathogen multiplication, and continuous cultivation of each of these increased the IP values of a soil with a moderate initial IP (from 1·9 to 3·5 after 10 cycles). Conversely, non‐host species and resistant cultivars of vetch or faba bean contributed to reducing the IP values of soils irrespective of the initial IP (from 1·9 to 0·5 and from 4 to 2, respectively, after 10 cycles). Aphanomyces root rot severity values on the resistant legume species/cultivars were not affected by the successive cultural cycles. This study, which showed that the IP of A. euteiches in soil can be reduced by planting appropriate legume species and cultivars in greenhouse conditions, will be useful for defining better crop successions for legumes. 相似文献
12.
Anne Moussart Caroline Onfroy Angelique Lesne Magali Esquibet Eric Grenier Bernard Tivoli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(1):57-69
Ditylenchus dipsaci, the stem nematode of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Mycosphaerella pinodes, cause of Ascochyta blight in pea (Pisum sativum) and Aphanomyces euteiches, cause of pea root rot, result in major yield losses in French alfalfa and pea crops. These diseases are difficult to control
and the partial resistances currently available are not effective enough. Medicago truncatula, the barrel medic, is the legume model for genetic studies, which should lead to the identification and characterization
of new resistance genes for pathogens. We evaluated a collection of 34 accessions of M. truncatula and nine accessions from three other species (two from M. italica, six from M. littoralis and one from M. polymorpha) for resistance to these three major diseases. We developed screening tests, including standard host references, for each
pathogen. Most of the accessions tested were resistant to D. dipsaci, with only three accessions classified as susceptible. A very high level of resistance to M. pinodes was observed among the accessions, none of which was susceptible to this pathogen. Conversely, a high level of variation,
from resistant to susceptible accessions, was identified in response to infection by A. euteiches. 相似文献
13.
本文从生物学性状、理化特性、蛋白外壳及血清学特性等方面,比较系统地研究了从安徽蚕豆上分离到的一个种传分离物Bd。根据试验结果,参考国际上报道的文献,作者认为该分离物隶属于蚕豆真花叶病毒(BBTMV)。这是BBTMV在中国的第一次报道。 相似文献
14.
Postinfection Biological Control of Oomycete Pathogens of Pea by Burkholderia cepacia AMMDR1 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT Burkholderia cepacia AMMDR1 is a biocontrol agent that reduces Pythium damping-off and Aphanomyces root rot severity on peas in the field. We studied the effect of B. cepacia AMMDR1 on post-infection stages in the life cycles of these pathogens, including mycelial colonization of the host, production of oogonia, and production of secondary zoospore inoculum. We used Burkholderia cepacia 1324, a seed and rootcolonizing but antibiosis-deficient Tn5 mutant of B. cepacia AMMDR1, to study mechanisms of biological control other than antibiosis. B. cepacia AMMDR1 significantly reduced Pythium aphanidermatum postinfection colonization and damping-off of pea seeds, even when the bacteria were applied 12 h after zoospore inoculation. B. cepacia AMMDR1 also significantly reduced colonization of taproots by Aphanomyces euteiches mycelium, but only when the bacteria were applied at high population densities at the site of zoospore inoculation. The antibiosisdeficient mutant, B. cepacia 1324, had no effect on mycelial colonization of seeds or roots by Pythium aphanidermatum nor A. euteiches, suggesting that antibiosis is the primary mechanism of biological control. B. cepacia AMMDR1, but not B. cepacia 1324, reduced production of A. euteiches oogonia. This effect occurred even when the population size of B. cepacia AMMDR1 was too small to cause a reduction in lesion length early on in the infection process and may result from in situ antibiotic production. B. cepacia AMMDR1 had no effect on the production of secondary zoospores of A. euteiches from infected roots. The main effects of B. cepacia AMMDR1 on postinfection stages in the life cycles of these pathogens therefore were reductions in mycelial colonization by Pythium aphanidermatum and in formation of oogonia by A. euteiches. No mechanism other than antibiosis could be identified. 相似文献
15.
L. Bos M. A-M. Mahir M. Fortass K. M. Makkouk 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(4):253-256
A new strain of broad bean mottle virus, isolated from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Sudan, is described. It differs considerably from known isolates by its nearly symptomless infection of faba bean in spite of high concentrations of the virus in infected plants. It does not differ from regular isolates in gel-diffusion serology, light and electron microscopy, host range and symptoms in major hosts other than faba bean. It may constitute a potential threat to other food legumes in the region. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using a set of specific primers and a dual-labeled probe (TaqMan) was developed to quantify the amount of Aphanomyces euteiches DNA in alfalfa plants exhibiting varying levels of disease severity. The study included isolates of race 1 and race 2 of A. euteiches. The assay also discriminated between alfalfa populations for resistance based on analysis of DNA extracted from bulked plant samples. Analysis of individual plants and bulked plant samples of standard check populations with both pathogen isolates resulted in Spearman rank correlations between pathogen DNA content and disease severity index ratings that were greater than 0.75 and highly significant (P < 0.0005). In experiments with a race 1 isolate, the amount of pathogen DNA present in the resistant check WAPH-1 was significantly less than in the susceptible check Saranac. In experiments with a race 2 isolate, the amount of pathogen DNA in the resistant check WAPH-5 was significantly less than in either of the susceptible checks, Saranac and WAPH-1. Discrimination between commercial cultivars based on quantitative PCR analysis of bulked plant samples was similar to classification based on visual assessment of disease severity. 相似文献
17.
H.-J. Krauthausen Gabi Hörner Silke Zimmermann R. T. Voegele F. Brändle 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(2):275-286
Aphanomyces euteiches Drechsler is an oomycete pathogen of leguminous crops that causes root rot, a severe disease of pea (Pisum sativum L.) worldwide. An improved understanding of the genetic structure of A. euteiches populations would increase knowledge of pathogen evolution and assist in the design of strategies to develop pea cultivars and germplasm with stable disease resistance. Twenty six primers pairs were used to amplify Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphisms (SRAP) among 49 A. euteiches isolates sampled from pea. A total of 190 polymorphic SRAP bands were generated, of which 82 were polymorphic between all the A. euteiches isolates. The percentage of polymorphic bands per primer pair ranged from 22 to 75%. According to the PIC value estimated for each marker, 60% of the SRAP markers were highly to reasonably informative (PIC > 0.25). Genetic structure of A. euteiches populations sampled in different American and French locations showed low to high genetic diversity within populations. The largest variation occurred within countries, with a total estimated genetic diversity of 0.477 and 0.172 for American and French populations, respectively. This was particularly evident from a principal component analysis (PCA) and a Minimum Spanning Networks (MSN) based on genetic profiles of isolates, which generated two different clusters, one corresponding to the French isolates and four American isolates (MV1, MV5, MV7, Ath3), and the other to American isolates. A. euteiches populations from cultivated pea in France appeared as a single unstructured population, whereas American isolates of A. euteiches diverged into three different populations. 相似文献
18.
为明确我国热带和亚热带地区蚕豆Vicia faba和豌豆Pisum sativum锈病的病原菌种类,通过致病性测定和ITS序列系统发育分析对来自我国云南省玉溪市的4份豌豆锈菌分离物及云南、广西、重庆和四川省(区、市)的5份蚕豆锈菌分离物进行系统鉴定。结果显示,分离自豌豆的锈菌WX1分离物对蚕豆和豌豆均具有高致病性,在侵染叶片上产生大量锈子器;分离自蚕豆的锈菌CX3分离物仅对蚕豆具有高致病性,能在叶片上产生大量夏孢子,而对豌豆的致病性相对较低,仅产生少量的夏孢子堆;分离物WX1和CX3对小扁豆和鹰嘴豆不具有致病性。基于ITS序列系统发育分析表明,所有不同寄主来源的蚕豆单胞锈菌分离物均聚类于一个系统发育组,但分离自蚕豆和豌豆的分离物分别聚类在不同的亚组。表明分离自云南省玉溪市豌豆上的蚕豆单胞锈菌Uromyces viciae-fabae应为豌豆专化型,定名为U. viciae-fabae ex P. sativaum,而来源于云南、广西、重庆和四川省(区、市)的蚕豆锈病病原菌为蚕豆专化型U. viciae-fabae ex V. faba。 相似文献
19.
The powdery mildew Erysiphe pisi var. pisi, complete with its teleomorph, has been observed on faba beans ( Vicia faba cultivars) for the first time in Britain. It appeared in a glasshouse on Syrian lines of fodder bean and English cultivars of broad bean. It also infected tare ( Vicia sativa ) and sweet pea ( Lathyrus odoratus ), but not edible pea ( Pisum sativum ), ornamental lupin ( Lupinus polyphyllus ), French bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) or sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciaefolia ). Inoculations in a glasshouse showed that another strain of E. pisi var. pisi found on outdoor everlasting pea ( Lathyrus latifolius ) was also capable of affecting faba bean, and was distinguished by its ability to infect edible pea. A third strain found on outdoor ornamental lupin infected only lupin. E. pisi var. pisi was shown to be morphologically and pathogenically distinct from the Erysiphe sp. newly affecting tomatoes in Britain. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT Previously, we demonstrated that Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV), a member of the genus Bromovirus, could accumulate RNA 2-derived defective interfering (DI) RNAs during infection. In this work, we study how host and environmental factors affect the accumulation of DI RNAs. Serial passages of BBMV through selected plant species reveal that, with low-multiplicity inocula, some systemic hosts (Vicia faba, Nicotiana clevelandii, and N. tabacum cv. Samsum) support DI RNA accumulation after the first passage cycle but other hosts (Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, and Glycine max) do not. However, several passages with the high-multiplicity inocula can generate DI RNAs in pea plants. Local lesion hosts (Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, and C. murale) remain free of the DI RNA components. The size of the de novo-formed DI RNAs depends on the host and on environmental conditions. For instance, broad bean plants cultivated in a greenhouse or in a growth chamber at 20 degrees C accumulated DI RNAs of 2.4 or 1.9 kb in size, respectively. A reverse trend was observed in pea plants. Lower temperatures greatly facilitated the formation of DI RNAs in broad bean and pea hosts after the first passage. The importance of these findings for the studies on DI RNAs are discussed. 相似文献