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1.
Ivaniele Nahas Duarte Robson Thiago Xavier de Sousa Gaspar Henrique Korndörfer Hamilton Seron Pereira 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(12):1961-1972
Millet is a grass that responds to potassium fertilization and Alfa 01 and Alfa 02 are potential sources of this nutrient. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of as potassium sources by measuring accumulation of this nutrient in millet. The crop was grown in Ustoxic Quartzipsamment (RQo) soil. The experiment was set up in randomized blocks with three repetitions. The treatments consisting of three sources (KCl, Alfa 02, Alfa 01), two rates (200 and 400 kg ha?1 K2O) and with no K fertilization (control). Potassium chloride was used as the standard to which the other sources of potassium were compared. Two consecutive crops of millet were grown in the same pots. The first crop received potassium source application but not the second. At the end of experiment, shoot dry matter production, shoot potassium concentration, shoot accumulated potassium, soil potassium and relative agronomic efficiency were determined. The relative agronomic efficiency, calculated from crops, was 100% for KCl, was 84% for Alfa 02 and was 11% for Alfa 01. In the shoot dry matter production and accumulated potassium only Alfa 01 was not statistically different of control. Millet absorbed potassium from the Alfa 02 source in both the first and second crops. 相似文献
2.
Forms and solubility of plant nutrient elements in tropical plant waste biochars 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 Thailand is an agriculture‐based country which produces large amounts of agricultural waste. Making biochar from this waste can reduce pollution, decrease costs of production, and increase C sequestration. The agronomic benefits of biochar are partly derived from the available plant nutrients in biochar. This study investigated the fertilizer value of biochars manufactured by slow pyrolysis. Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type affect nutrient concentrations and nutrient element speciation in biochar. The physio‐chemical, mineralogical and structural properties of biochars made from 14 agriculture wastes (soybean cake, corncob, lemon peel, sugar palm fibre, durian shell, tamarind wood, coconut fibre, coconut shell, bamboo wood, rice husk, eucalyptus wood, oil palm fruit, coffee waste, and bagasse) were investigated. The plant nutrients in biochar mostly occurred in crystalline minerals which were present on the surface and inside the cell structure of biochar. Most biochars examined in this research contained calcite (CaCO3). The presence in biochars of several K‐minerals [archerite (KH2PO4), chlorocalcite (KCaCl3), kalicinite (KHCO3), pyrocoproite (K2MgP2O7), struvite‐K (KMgPO4 · 6 H2O), and sylvite (KCl)] encourages the use of biochar as a K‐fertilizer. Fibre, fruit and wood biochars contained considerable amounts of K, Ca, and P. Sugar palm and coconut fibres also contained high level of Na in halite. This study recommends the utilization of biochars manufactured from sugar palm fibre, coconut fibre, durian shell, and oil palm fruit as fertilizers. With their appreciable contents of plant nutrients in highly to moderately soluble compounds these biochars should be effective fertilizers, especially for use by organic farmers who cannot use any chemical fertilizers. 相似文献
3.
Davide Ciceri Thomas C. Close Antoine Allanore 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(4):482-491
The material obtained through hydrothermal alteration of K-feldspar rock in alkaline conditions is a potential source of soluble potassium (K), but agronomic testing is needed to verify its capacity to supply K to crops. A (NH4)2SO4-based bioassay was used to test the capacity of the material to supply K to tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growing in a mixture of silt loam, peat moss, and sand. Potassium chloride (KCl) and unaltered K-feldspar rock powder also were tested for comparison. The fresh weight and K composition of the plants increased as doses of KCl or hydrothermal material increased, but not with increases in K-feldspar rock. Development of stem lesions, which develop as symptoms of K deficiency in the presence of (NH4)2SO4, were eliminated by KCl or hydrothermal material but not by feldspar rock. A beneficial effect may occur due to the calcium (Ca) supplied or with adjustment of soil acidity by the hydrothermal material. The hydrothermal material is a K fertilizer at least as effective as KCl since it yields the same or better plant weight. 相似文献
4.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7-8):573-587
Abstract An agronomic evaluation of phosphate rock and slag on the acid soils of Upata, Bolivar State was conducted to measure their effect on the chemical properties of the soil and growth of Brachiaria decumbens. A field experiment was established using a split plot design with three replications. The treatments were, i) three sources of phosphate rock (Riecito and Lizardo of Falcon State and Monte Fresco of Tachira State) at four rates of P2O5/ha (0, 50, 100, and 200), ii) one source of high‐solubility P [triple superphosphate (TSP) at the same rates], and iii) three levels of calcium applied as basic slag from the Orinoco Steel Company (0, 300, and 600 kg Ca/ha). A basic fertilization was applied to all plots (217 kg/ha Urea, 50 kg/ha KCl, and 78 kg/ha magnesium sulphate). The pasture species used was Brachiaria decumbens. Pasture and soil samples were taken at 2, 3, 5, 7, 12, 14, 16, 17, 24, 27, and 31 months after planting. The pasture samples were analyzed for dry matter production (DM), and percentage content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). Soil samples were analyzed for pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and available calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE), calculated using the formula: RAE (%) = DM of the rock ‐ DM of the check plot/DM of TSP ‐ DM of check plot × 100 was applied for each harvest time. The best RAE values at each sampling time were obtained with the Monte Fresco phosphate rock at the rate of 200 kg P2O5/ha and 600 kg Ca/ha as slag. There was a tendency for the RAE value to improve with each sampling apparently due to the slow release of phosphorus from the phosphate rock and its residual effect. There are also values of RAE that show better dry matter production than the high soluble source of TSP. Soil available P and Ca increased with phosphate rock and slag application from 5 and 200 mg/kg to 25 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, after 2.5 years of the experiment. Phosphorus uptake changed from 0.1% in the check plot, which is insufficent to supply the P requirement of grazing cattle in the tropics to a value higher than 0.2%, depending on the sampling time. Soil pH increased slightly from 5.2 to 5.6 with phosphate rock, and to 6.2 when basic slags were applied. 相似文献
5.
秸秆还田替代化学钾肥对喀斯特峰丛洼地春玉米产量及土壤钾素的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
基于中国科学院环江喀斯特站2006年开展的玉米/大豆套作长期定位施肥试验,利用2010—2014年监测数据,研究等量氮磷钾投入条件下,不同处理[对照(不施肥,CK)、全量化肥(NPK)、秸秆还田替代30%化肥钾(C7S3)、秸秆还田替代60%化肥钾(C4S6)]间秸秆还田与化肥施用的效果差异,以期为喀斯特峰丛洼地农田生态利用秸秆还田替代化肥量提供科学依据。结果表明:1)施肥处理5年春玉米平均产量是不施肥处理的4.12~4.17倍,C7S3和C4S6处理产量分别是NPK处理的98.3%和98.7%,施肥处理玉米产量及秸秆量均随时间呈增长趋势。2)施肥使玉米秸秆中含钾量、春玉米籽粒吸收氮磷钾量均显著高于不施肥处理,但施肥处理间无显著差异(P0.05)。3)在钾素回收率、钾素吸收利用率、钾肥农学利用率以及钾肥偏生产力方面,C7S3和C4S6处理与全量化肥NPK处理间均无显著差异(P0.05)。4)NPK处理年均钾素盈余量为3.00 kg·hm~(-2),显著高于C7S3处理(-1.90 kg·hm~(-2));而C4S6处理钾素年均盈余量最大,为8.22 kg·hm~(-2),实际平衡盈余率为7.4%。5)与试验初期相比,不施肥处理土壤速效钾含量下降15.9%,施肥处理极显著增加了土壤中速效钾含量(P0.01);5年间施肥处理间年均速效钾含量增幅大小依次为:NPKC7S3C4S6,各处理间差异不显著(P0.05)。6)经过8年耕作,土壤缓效钾含量在CK和C4S6处理中分别下降10.9%和4.9%,NPK和C7S3处理分别增加1.3%和22.4%。综上所述,秸秆还田替代部分化肥钾的施肥措施运用在喀斯特峰丛洼地可在保持春玉米较高产量的同时,维持土壤钾素动态平衡;其中60%秸秆钾替代量更有利于维持钾素表观平衡,而30%的秸秆钾还田量则更有利于土壤缓效钾的积累。 相似文献
6.
在大田条件下研究了KCl分期施用对苏丹草产量及生长性状的影响。结果表明,基肥施用一定量KCl对基本苗数量影响不大,过量施用KCl则对苏丹草基本苗产生抑制作用。施钾没有导致苏丹草叶片质量比例下降。施用KCl明显提高苏丹草对蚜虫的抵抗能力,5个施钾处理所寄生的蚜虫数量平均为不施钾的27.2%。施用KCl显著增加苏丹草鲜草产量和经济效益,在钾肥用量相同时,不同施钾时期及钾肥用量分配对产量产生显著影响。在5个施钾处理中,以50%作基肥、在第2、3和4次收获后平均施用余下50%钾肥的增产效果最好,比对照增产16615kg/hm2,增产幅度达26.1%,每千克K2O增收苏丹草46.2kg;而KCl一次性作基肥施用增产效果较差。 相似文献
7.
Quoc Thinh Tran Kazuyuki Oshita Masaki Takaoka Kuniyuki Saito 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(3):415-422
ABSTRACTDue to a decrease in phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) mining, manure is incinerated to concentrate P and K in ash. To understand the alternative use of manure-derived ash as P and K sources, laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between extractability and P and K uptake in cattle manure ash (CMA) and that between CMA application and a grass tetany hazard. The results showed that more P was extracted with 2% citric acid (90% of the total P) than with 2% formic acid (72–84% of the total P). Ninety-one percent of the total K was soluble in water. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to test P and K availability to Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus). Cattle manure ash or calcium dihydrogen phosphate (CF) was incorporated into sandy soil at 10, 20, and 50 g P2O5 m?2. Two combinations of CMA and CF were tested at 20 g P2O5 m?2. Potassium rates followed K content in CMA applied at different rates of P equivalent to 19, 38, or 96 g K2O m?2. In four harvests, there was no significant difference in the total yields between CMA and CF treatments. The total P uptake was significantly lower in the CMA treatment than in the CF treatment, while it was not in the combined CMA and CF treatments. The P uptake in response to different extraction methods indicated that the extraction of P by 2% formic acid without sonication is recommended to predict P availability in CMA. The potassium uptake from CMA application was comparable to that from the KCl application, and excessive K occurred at 38 and 96 g K2O m?2. The grass tetany hazard ratio higher than 2.2 was observed at the beginning period at the lowest application rates of CMA and CF. In conclusion, the combination use of CMA and CF was better than the single use of CMA. Moreover, CMA would be an available K source, but the grass tetany hazard still needs to be considered in application rates and pretreatments. 相似文献
8.
Abhay Omprakash Shirale Bharat Prakash Meena Priya Pandurang Gurav Sanjay Srivastava Ashis Kumar Biswas Jyoti Kumar Thakur 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(19):2682-2701
Potassium (K) is one of the essential nutrients required by crops in large quantities; however, its use in agriculture by farmers is less than required in developing countries. This neglect has led to excess mining of K in soils by crop plants and has resulted in a negative balance of K in soils. This loss necessitates the need of more use of potassium fertilizers in agriculture. Rocks and minerals offer a potential fertilizer to utilize in agriculture as source of K. The crop trials revealed that feldspar, mica, glauconite, nepheline and shoenite are good sources of K for crops, especially in highly weathered acid soils. However, some researchers have reported no agronomic benefit of feldspar or granite rock application to crops. Overall the size modification, acidulation, microbial inoculants and preparation of K-enriched compost are the effective techniques to utilize K-bearing rocks and minerals. Very limited information is available on these aspects. Thus, in this review, an attempt has been to consolidate up-to-date information of indigenous rocks and minerals as possibilities for alternate sources of K for crop plants. Moreover, this area of research needs attention to utilize indigenous K sources, which can aid to limit the import and cost, of the establishment of potash fertilizer-based industries in developing countries. 相似文献
9.
10.
Peter Asbon Opala John Robert Okalebo Caleb Othieno 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3):327-339
The effects of farmyard manure (FYM), Tithonia diversifolia (tithonia) and urea when applied alone or in combination with Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR), Busumbu phosphate rock (BPR) or triple superphosphate (TSP) on soil acidity, P availability, maize yields and financial benefits were evaluated at Bukura and Kakamega in western Kenya. A reduction in exchangeable acidity and Al was observed in most tithonia- and FYM-treated soils, but not with inorganic P sources when applied in combination with urea. The effectiveness in increasing available soil P followed the order; TSP > MPR > BPR among inorganic P sources, and FYM > tithonia among organic materials at both sites. At Bukura, a site higher in both available P and Al saturation compared with Kakamega, maize did not respond to inorganic P sources applied in combination with urea. Maize, however, responded when inorganic P sources were applied in combination with FYM or tithonia at this site. At Kakamega, maize responded to TSP but not to MPR or BPR when applied with urea. Application of TSP in combination with tithonia gave the highest maize yields at both sites. Of the tested technologies, only FYM when applied alone at Bukura was economically attractive. 相似文献
11.
Chandra Gandhi Kannan Priyadharsini Perumalsamy 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(5):524-538
This study examines the influence of different amounts of potassium chloride (KCl) fertilization on plant growth, nutrient accumulation and content, nutrient ratios, and root colonization by indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in maize (Zea mays L.). KCl was applied at the rate of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 1.75 mg/kg of soil. Effect of KCl on indigenous AM formation and function was evaluated in terms of the extent of root length colonization, plant growth, and nutrient uptake. Increasing concentration of KCl fertilization proportionately limited the total root length colonized by AM fungi as well as the root length with different AM fungal structures. Maize plants raised on soils amended with different concentrations of KCl were significantly taller than those raised on unamended soils. KCl application also significantly increased the total root length and root dry weight. Nevertheless, KCl fertilization did not significantly alter the root/shoot ratios. Higher concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were evident in shoot and root tissues of maize (except shoot N) raised on KCl-amended soils. Phosphorus concentrations in shoots and roots significantly influenced mycorrhization and root length colonized by different AM fungal structures, and such an effect was evident for root N. KCl fertilization increased the efficiency of N and P accumulation. No significant change was evident in the K:N ratios of shoots or roots, whereas the K:P ratios were significantly altered in shoots or roots in response to KCl application. 相似文献
12.
为研究长期秸秆还田和有机肥配合替代部分化肥对玉-麦一年两熟种植下产量、品质和化肥效率的影响,2015-2020年,依托中国农业科学院洛阳旱农试验基地始于2007年的长期定位试验,设置不施肥对照(CK)、玉米小麦季均常规施用氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、秸秆还田和有机肥配合替代小麦季1/3氮磷钾化肥(SORF) 3个处理,研究2015—2020年玉-麦一年两熟种植下作物产量、化肥利用效率,2019—2020年玉米和小麦籽粒氮磷钾养分含量、蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量,以及2020年小麦籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量。结果表明:(1)SORF处理玉米增产增效作用优于NPK处理,5年平均产量提高10.0%,但二者间小麦和周年产量差异未达显著水平(p>0.05)。(2)施肥显著提高玉米和小麦籽粒氮磷钾含量,其中SORF较NPK处理又显著增加籽粒氮含量,从而使玉米籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量较NPK分别显著提高6.7%和17.8%,小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量分别显著提高8.0%和6.3%,周年蛋白质产量显著增加10.8%。(3)SORF和NPK处理较CK均可显著提高小麦籽粒中各蛋白质组分含量及谷醇比,协同提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和籽粒品质。SORF较NPK处理还可提高除球蛋白外的其他蛋白组分含量,但谷醇比的增幅不显著。(4)与NPK相比,SORF处理下玉米、小麦和周年的氮肥农学效率分别显著提高54.8%,31.2%和37.3%,氮肥偏生产力分别显著提高10.0%,45.6%和20.7%,小麦、周年的磷(钾)肥农学效率和偏生产力分别提高31.2%,77.3%和45.6%,55.7%。综合来看,秸秆还田和有机肥配合替代1/3化肥(SORF)不仅有利于提高玉米产量,玉米、小麦的籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量,以及化肥农学效率和偏生产力,而且可提高小麦籽粒蛋白组分含量,是旱地玉-麦一年两熟区兼顾产量品质效率的施肥模式。 相似文献
13.
Yoshiro Kato 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):28-33
Rock weathering has long been a subject of study for geologists, mineralogists, chemists and soil scientists since the dawn of this century. In methods for investigating rock weathering, three aspects seem to be present. The one is a chemical aspect in which weathering process is considered by comparing chemical composition of fresh parent rock with that of the weathered rock, the difference being attributed to gains or losses of chemica,l elements with respect to a supposed immobile element, usually aluminum. This aspect can elucidate the chemical behaviour of rock, that is, of material as an assemblage of constituent minerals in the environment of weathering. Among many such studies mentioned. PoLYNov's “Cycle of Weathering” (6) is one of the most comprehensive and fruitful acheivements. The second aspect is a mineralogical one, in which interests are directed toward skeletal minerals surviving against severe attacks of weathering. It is commonly observed that some of the original constituent minerals still remain in weathered material after others have been extinguished. The former minerals are more stable than the latter. On the basis of these observations, the sequence of resistantiability or stability to weathering can be determined for many rock forming minerals. GOLDICH's study of rock-weathering (3) is a representative one in this aspect. The third aspect is concerned with clay mineralogy. Primary rock-forming minerals are weathered into very finegrained materials most of which had been believed amorphous until techniques now used in clay mineralogical reserch proved their crystalline state. Besides primary skeletal minerals, weathered materials are now known to consist mainly of both amorphous and crystalline secondary minerals, mostly appearing in minus two micron fraction and being objects of interest in clay mineralogy. Any study of rock weathering hitherto performed stood more or less on the three aspects above mentioned but, all the abovementioned seem to fall into the common tendency of dealing with materials as bulk mass. That is, they were concerned much more with fresh rock versus its weathered end products as a whole rather than with the process or mechanism by which fresh rock changed into weathered material. Thus, in the temperate to subtropical humid region, it is known that, for example, kaolinite minerals, gibbsite, and some of 2: 1 type clay minerals are found in weathered materials of rocks and further that Na, K. Mg. Ca, and Si are leached away, while H, Al, and Fe are concentrated in the weathered products, but it is scarcely understood from what constituent minerals of the parent fresh rock any of the clay minerals now present in the weathered material were derived. Though, a mineralogical or chemical tracing of the courses of decomposing minerals from their initial phases to subsequent modified phases was already pioneered by STEPHEN (8). such a trend is believed, by the author, to be a fourth aspect necessary for further thorough understanding of rock weathering. This way of study may also serve in bridging between experimental data on chemical reactions of specific minerals with reagent solutions on the one hand and observations of mineralogical interrelation of parent minerals to resultant weathering products on the other hand. Granitic rock offers a suitable situation for this fourth aspect because of the ease in picking up mineral grains at various weathering stages due to the coarseness of its constituent minerals and also to its unique mode of physical disintegration. 相似文献
14.
[目的]比较不同绿肥作物及其不同翻压方式对云南高原红壤理化性状的作用,为云南高原红壤持续高产稳产制定简易高效的绿肥利用技术提供理论依据.[方法]2011—2019年以玉米为主要作物,在云南高原红壤上进行了绿肥生产利用田间定位试验,试验设冬闲–玉米(CK)、种植并翻压肥田萝卜–玉米(R)、种植并翻压光叶紫花苕子–玉米(V... 相似文献
15.
【目的】目前滴灌施肥技术下,玉米在苗期容易缺肥。研究腐植酸和柠檬酸与磷肥配合作为启动肥对玉米苗期养分吸收的影响,为提高启动磷肥的施用效果提供理论和技术支撑。【方法】于2020和2021年,在新疆石河子市进行滴灌玉米田间试验。试验设全生育期不施磷肥对照(CK);全部氮磷钾肥分8次从拔节期开始滴灌施肥(CF);30%氮磷钾肥做启动肥(DSF);30%氮磷钾结合腐植酸做启动肥(HSF);30%氮磷钾肥结合柠檬酸做启动肥(CSF),3种启动肥处理其余的70%的肥料分8次从拔节期起滴施,共5个处理。在苗期测定滴灌玉米总根长,地上部和地下部干物质累积及磷累积吸收量;在拔节期、抽雄期和成熟期测定玉米光合特性、干物质累积及磷累积吸收量;在成熟期测定玉米产量。【结果】连续两年数据显示,DSF、HSF和CSF处理较CF处理显著增加了苗期玉米总根长、根长密度和根重密度,不同启动磷肥处理促进苗期玉米根系生长,表现为CSF>HSF>DSF。2020年,相比CF处理,DSF、HSF和CSF处理玉米产量分别增加了4.60%、8.77%和9.82%,磷表观利用率分别提升了3.21、9.13和7.66个百分... 相似文献
16.
粘土矿物中钾的生物活化: Ⅰ. 外生菌根 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A pot experiment was Carried out to in vestigate effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on eucalyptus growth and K bio-mobilization from soils and clay minerals,In the experiment,sands mixed with soil,KCl-satureated vermiculate and mica,respectively,were used to nurse eucalypus seedings which were nonectomycorrhized or ectomycorrhized by an ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius strain XL1(Pt XC1) isolated from a forest soil from Xichang,Sichuan Province,China,and a worldwide well-know ectomycorrhial fungus Pioslithus tinctorius strain 2144(Pt 2144) obtained in Australia.More depletion of HCl-souluble K by mycorrhizas from the soil and minerals than nomycorrhizas suggested that mycorrhizas had a great ability to mobilize K present in the interlayer and feldspar.Mycorrhizal seedlings depressed greatly K digested with HF-HClO4 from substrates after consecutive extractions of soils and minerals by water,ammonium acetate and boiling HCl,while nonmycorrhizal seedlings reduced it little if any,shwing that the mycorrhizal seedlings could mobilize and then utilize the structureal K in mineral lattice,Ectomycorrhizal fungi played a very important role not only in promoting the growth of eucalyptus seedlings but also in mobilizing K in soils and minerals.The infection of Pt XC1 led to a better growth of eucalyptus seedlings and more K accumulation in the seedlings than that of Pt 2144.The large differeces in K accumulation by the seedlings might be due to different abilityes of the two ectomycorrhizal fungi to mobilize K in intelayer and lattice pools in the clay minerals. 相似文献
17.
R. Heinrichs C. M. Monreal E. T. Santos C. V. Soares Filho M. D. Rebonatti N. M. Teixeira 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(5):657-669
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the important causes of degradation of cultivated pasture under tropical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate phosphate rates and sources, and N rates on the concentration and uptake of N and P, and shoot dry mass (SDM) yield of Megathyrsus maximum grass cv Mombasa in an Ultisol. The trial was carried out in a greenhouse in pots with 4.0 dm?3 of soil. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The 3 × 3 × 3 factorial treatments consisted of phosphorus sources [reactive rock phosphate from Morocco (RPM), reactive rock phosphate from Algeria (RPA) and triple superphosphate (TSP)], three phosphorus rates (0, 150, and 300 mg kg?1), and three N rates (0, 250, and 500 mg kg?1). The SDM and tillering of Mombasa grass were significantly influenced with the TSP, RPM, and RPA application associated with N fertilization. The RPM, RPA, and TSP met the nutritional demands of Mombasa grass. The three P sources showed the same effect on the total N uptake by Mombasa grass. The P use efficiency (PUE) when fertilizer-P sources were added alone by Mombasa grass was <12% of the added P, and PUE decreased as follows: TSP > RPA > RPM. When P and N-fertilizer were added together, the fertilizer-N use efficiency (NUE) was 62%. The reactive phosphate (RPM and RPA) is an efficient P sources for Mombasa grass, but requiring higher rate of application compared to TSP source. 相似文献
18.
Bernd Weber Ernst A. Stadlbauer Elmar Schlich Sabrina Eichenauer Juergen Kern Diedrich Steffens 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(1):84-90
Recycling of P is a common strategy in efficient use of P. The aims of our investigation were to study the P extractability of biochars produced by low temperature conversion and to determine the effect of soda application on low‐temperature conversion of organic compounds and the bioavailability of P to rye grass (Lolium perenne L., cv. Grazer). In this study canola cake, dried distillers grains with solubles, and meat‐and‐bone meal were converted to biochars with thermo‐chemical conversion at 400°C. The P availability was measured in terms of solubility in water, 2% citric, and 2% formic acid, and in a pot experiment with rye grass (Lolium perenne L.) which was cut three times. Application of 8% (w/w) soda to the process of thermo‐chemical conversion of canola cake, dried distillers grains with soluble and meat‐and‐bone meal resulted in an increase of water‐, 2% citric‐, and 2% formic‐acid‐extractable P in the biochars. In contrast to the application of soda, addition of 12% wood ash (w/w) to the conversion of dried distillers grains with solubles resulted in a lower increase of water‐soluble P in the corresponding biochar compared to processing biochar without additives. Addition of biochar P (100 mg P [kg soil]–1) to a Luvisol resulted in an increase of CAL‐extractable soil P. The P uptake of rye grass from biochars produced with the addition of soda was as effective as basic slag and MgNH4 phosphate fertilizers and even better than rock phosphate. 相似文献
19.
黄土塬区长期不同耕作、覆盖措施对表层土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
20.
S. M. O. Mohammed K. Brandt N. D. Gray M. L. White D. A. C. Manning 《European Journal of Soil Science》2014,65(5):653-662
Given the cost of conventional fertilizers and increasing demand as a result of increasing population growth, new sources of potassium (K) for plant nutrition need to be considered. Readily soluble nutrients are rapidly lost from well‐drained soils, and so it is appropriate to consider silicate minerals that release K slowly during weathering. In this paper, we compare the availability to plants grown in sandy soils of K from microcline (feldspar), biotite (mica) and nepheline syenite (nepheline + microcline) using leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum L.) as a model plant. Pot experiments were carried out under controlled environmental conditions using natural and artificial soil. The performance of the minerals was compared with treatment with KCl and a negative control (no K added). Plant shoot diameter was measured weekly to assess growth rates. After 10 weeks, plant dry mass and soil and plant contents of soluble K were measured to determine offtake; mineralogical changes in biotite‐treated soils were assessed. Results for artificial and natural soil differed, reflecting differences in their mineralogy. With no added K, plant growth ceased after 2 weeks. Growth rates were greatest for KCl, followed by biotite; linear growth continued for 5 weeks in the natural soil and for the entire 10 weeks in the artificial soil. Growth rates with nepheline syenite (natural soil) and microcline (both soils) did not differ significantly from the negative control, but for nepheline syenite, leek shoot K content was significantly greater, demonstrating availability of K from this source. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that biotite reacted to form vermiculite. 相似文献