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流域气候变化和人类活动对内陆湖泊影响的分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
胡安焱 《干旱区资源与环境》2007,21(5):1-5
近几十年来干旱和半干旱地区的内陆湖泊发生了巨大的变化,有的出现了面积萎缩和水位下降,有的水位和面积保持稳定,有的消失;博斯腾湖是我国最大的内陆淡水湖,青海湖是我国最大的内陆咸水湖;因此,研究其流域气候变化和人类活动对湖泊的影响具有代表性,对更好保护内陆湖泊,合理利用湖泊水资源具有重要的意义。利用1958-2000年流域降水和温度的资料和灌溉引水量的资料,采用年代对比、距平百分率、滑动平均曲线方法分析了气候变化和人类活动对博斯腾湖和青海湖的影响。分析结果表明气候变化是湖泊水位变化的主要原因;人类活动对博斯腾湖水位变化有一定的影响,而对青海湖水位变化的影响微弱。 相似文献
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《干旱区资源与环境》2017,(8):143-147
利用1960~2015年水文、气候与社会经济数据,采用相关分析、主成分分析等统计分析方法定量的分析了近55年博斯腾湖与伊塞克湖水位变化影响因素。研究结果表明:1)近55年来,在人类活动与气候变化的共同影响下,博斯腾湖与伊塞克湖水位经历上升与下降的变化过程,其中博斯腾湖水位呈现下降-上升-下降的变化趋势,而伊赛克湖水位表现下降-上升-下降-上升的变化趋势。2)主成分分析结果表明,引起博斯腾湖水位变化的第一主成分为人文因素,第二主成分为自然气候因素,而引起伊塞克湖水位变化的第一主成分为气候因素,第二主成分为人文因素。 相似文献
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内蒙古岱海水质咸化过程分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
岱海是我国北方半干旱地区的一个内陆湖,近几十年来,由于受到人类活动的强烈干预,湖泊水位持续下降,湖水水质出现恶化,2004的水质调查数据显示,目前岱海湖水矿化度4 658.6mg/L,已接近咸水湖标准。从近50年的变化历程来看,岱海呈现出明显的咸化趋势,且咸化速度不断加快。利用流域内的水文、气象数据,并结合湖泊及河流的水化学特征,建立岱海盐量平衡方程,对岱海湖水矿化度进行模拟计算,恢复了近50年岱海湖水矿化度的变化序列。依此序列对岱海水质咸化的影响因子进行量化计算,结果显示:湖泊萎缩对水质咸化的影响占到86.5%,而由入湖径流与降水所带入的盐分对水质咸化的影响仅占到13.5%。 相似文献
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近50年岱海生态与环境变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岱海是我国北方地区的一个内陆湖,历史时期受构造运动和气候变化的影响,湖泊经历多次扩张和收缩,最大水域面积曾达到760 km2。近50年来,随着全球气候变暖及湖区农业活动的加强,岱海的补给水量急剧减少,自20世纪70年代以来,岱海水位持续下降,且下降速度呈现出明显的加快趋势;与此同时,湖水的矿化度不断升高,咸化现象已十分明显;受农业活动和城镇生活的影响,岱海水体的富营养问题也日益突出;其原始的自然环境发生了巨大变化。通过对各影响因素进行分析,结果表明,近50年来岱海环境恶化主要是由人类对流域水土资源的过度开发利用和对污废水的不合理排放造成的,气候变化只是起到了加速强化的作用。 相似文献
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湖泊最小生态需水探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由于人类活动的加剧以及全球气候的变化,湖泊出现了萎缩、水位下降、水质污染等问题,确定和保证湖泊生态系统必须的最小生态水量是淡水资源科学配置和永续利用的保证,本文根据水量平衡原理对湖泊最小生态需水的概念、模型、计算方法进行了探讨,并对模型的各参数,最低生态水位、降水量、蒸发量、地下水交换量、出湖水量进行了分析和讨论。 相似文献
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结合博斯腾湖1960—2018年水位、出入湖径流以及气象站点实测资料,采用集合经验模态分解(Ensem?ble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD)、水量平衡和气候弹性方法,对近60 a博斯腾湖水位变化及其影响因素进行了详细分析。结果表明:(1)1960—2018年博斯腾湖水位总体呈下降态势,具体表现为“下降-上升-下降-上升”四个阶段。(2)在年际尺度上水位存在准3~4 a、准8~9 a的周期性振荡,而年代际尺度上表现出准29~30 a和准33~34 a的周期性变化。(3)1960—2018年降水、气温和潜在蒸散发对开都河、黄水沟和焉耆径流的累积贡献率分别达85.1%、42.1%和23.8%,而下垫面、其他气象变量和人为等因素累积对径流的贡献率分别约为14.9%、57.9%和76.2%。(4)对不同阶段博斯腾湖水位变化原因分析:1960—1987年水位急剧下降的主要原因同入湖径流减少和湖面蒸发量大有关;气温升高和降水量增加导致入湖水量增加是1988—2002年水位显著升高的主要原因;入湖径流减少和出湖水量增多,导致2003—2014年水位显著下降;博斯腾湖入湖水量的显著增加及对出湖水量的严格控制是2015—2018年水位明显上升的主要原因。 相似文献
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新疆平原湖泊最优运行水位评价指标体系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
上世纪中叶以来,在人类活动和气候变化的双重影响下,新疆大多数平原湖泊咸化、萎缩甚至干涸,湖泊生态环境严重恶化。近十年以来,在全球气候普遍变暖的情况下,新疆气候逐渐向暖湿转变[1],气温升高、降水增加,部分湖泊水域又呈扩大趋势,给湖泊水资源的可持续利用带来新的挑战。如何确定湖泊最优运行水位,是实现湖泊水资源可持续利用的首要问题。本文旨在通过总结与分析影响新疆平原湖泊水位的因素及湖泊水位变化对湖区生态环境和社会济发展的影响,来构建新疆平原湖泊最优运行水位的评价指标体系。 相似文献
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基于MODIS数据的近期新疆主要湖泊水面变化分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湖泊的水面积变化是气候变化和人类活动的指示器。利用2000-2011年的MODIS影像,提取新疆水面面积大于100 km2的11个湖泊信息,分析其变化特征。结果表明：11个湖泊总的水面积年变化大,其中最低值出现在2001年,约为4 585 km2,峰值在2003年,水面积为52 77 km2,湖面变幅大且频繁,而近几年湖泊面积总体呈增加趋势。从海拔和地域上分析,阿雅克库木湖等青藏高原型湖泊呈现持续扩张态势,山地湖泊如赛里木湖等湖泊面积基本保持稳定,而出山口绿洲湖泊如博斯腾湖水面积逐渐萎缩,尤其是平原湖泊艾比湖和玛纳斯湖等湖泊水面年变化幅度大,且极不稳定。新疆地区不同海拔和区域主要湖泊水面积变化存在明显的差异,体现了不同区域气候和人类活动的影响特征,但近期湖泊变化的总体趋势与气候变化一致,主要受气候变化的影响。 相似文献
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REN Xiaohui 《干旱区科学》2023,15(2):164-179
Lakes play important roles in sustaining the ecosystem and economic development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, but the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of water quality in lakes so far remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the spatial changes in water quality and the driving factors of seven lakes (Juyanhai Lake, Ulansuhai Lake, Hongjiannao Lake, Daihai Lake, Chagannaoer Lake, Hulun Lake, and Wulannuoer Lake) across the longitudinal axis (from the west to the east) of Inner Mongolia. Large-scale research was conducted using the comprehensive trophic level index (TLI (Σ)), multivariate statistics, and spatial analysis methods. The results showed that most lakes in Inner Mongolia were weakly alkaline. Total dissolved solids and salinity of lake water showed obvious zonation characteristics. Nitrogen and phosphorus were identified as the main pollutants in lakes, with high average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus being of 4.05 and 0.21 mg/L, respectively. The values of TLI (Σ) ranged from 49.14 to 71.77, indicating varying degrees of lake eutrophication, and phosphorus was the main driver of lake eutrophication. The lakes of Inner Mongolia could be categorized into lakes to the west of Daihai Lake and lakes to the east of Daihai Lake in terms of salinity and TLI (Σ). The salinity levels of lakes to the west of Daihai Lake exceeded those of lakes to the east of Daihai Lake, whereas the opposite trend was observed for lake trophic level. The intensity and mode of anthropogenic activities were the driving factors of the spatial patterns of lake water quality. It is recommended to control the impact of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of lakes in Inner Mongolia to improve lake ecological environment. These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the driving mechanism of the spatial patterns of water quality in lakes of Inner Mongolia, which can be used to develop strategies for lake ecosystem protection and water resources management in this region. 相似文献
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WANG Yuejian 《干旱区科学》2021,13(6):581-598
Changing climatic conditions and extensive human activities have influenced the global water cycle. In recent years, significant changes in climate and land use have degraded the watershed ecosystem of the Ebinur Lake Basin in Xinjiang, Northwest China. In this paper, variations of runoff, temperature, precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, lake area, socio-economic water usage, groundwater level and water quality in the Ebinur Lake Basin from 1961 to 2015 were systematically analyzed by the Mann-Kendall test methods(M-K) mutation test, the cumulative levelling method, the climate-sensitive method and land-use change index. In addition, we evaluated the effects of human activities on land use change and water quality. The results reveal that there was a significant increase in temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 2015, despite a decrease in reference evapotranspiration. The Wenquan station was not significantly affected by human activities as it is situated at a higher altitude. Runoff at this station increased significantly with climate warming. In contrast, runoff at the Jinghe station was severely affected by numerous human activities. Runoff decreased without obvious fluctuations. The contributions of climate change to runoff variation at the Jinghe and Wenquan stations were 46.87% and 58.94%, respectively; and the contributions of human activities were 53.13% and 41.06%, respectively. Land-use patterns in the basin have changed significantly between 1990 and 2015: urban and rural constructed lands, saline-alkali land, bare land, cultivated land, and forest land have expanded, while areas under grassland, lake, ice/snow and river/channel have declined. Human activities have dramatically intensified land degradation and desertification. From 1961 to 2015, both the inflow into the Ebinur Lake and the area of the lake have declined year by year; groundwater levels have dropped significantly, and the water quality has deteriorated during the study period. In the oasis irrigation area below the runoff pass, human activities mainly influenced the utilization mode and quantity of water resources. Changes in the hydrology and quantity of water resources were driven primarily by the continuous expansion of cultivated land and oasis, as well as the growth of population and the construction of hydraulic engineering projects. After 2015, the effects of some ecological protection projects were observed. However, there was no obvious sign of ecological improvement in the basin, and some environmental problems continue to persist. On this basis, this study recommends that the expansion of oasis should be limited according to the carrying capacity of the local water bodies. Moreover, in order to ensure the ecological security of the basin, it is necessary to determine the optimal oasis area for sustainable development and improve the efficiency of water resources exploitation and utilization. 相似文献
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内蒙古岱海水质现状分析与评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
岱海是我国北方的一个典型内陆湖,由于流域工农业发展和人口增多,入湖的污染物质增加,根据2004年水质监测结果,岱海全湖属于劣Ⅴ类水质,其中湖水中氯化物、矿化度超标严重,已接近咸水湖标准,此外,湖水中的总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数也有不同程度的超标,与90年代相比,湖泊水质呈现出明显的恶化趋势。 相似文献
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西北典型内陆湖泊近40年来的演化特点及机制分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
利用40年来的实测数据研究揭示了西北典型内陆湖泊的演化特点及机制。研究表明:赛里木湖气候向暖湿转变,降水逐渐增加,处于湖面稳定扩张阶段;青海湖降水无明显变化,入湖地表径流却逐年减少,湖泊处于持续萎缩阶段;察尔汗盐湖,入湖水量少,湖面蒸发量大,处于干涸、半干涸状态,更容易萎缩。影响湖泊演化的因子主要是气候变化及人类活动。 相似文献
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青海湖区生态环境变化及其成因分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
青海湖区生态环境问题十分突出,集中表现为,湖水位持续下降,湖面萎缩,水环境趋于恶化;天然草场退化,土地沙化;生物多样性弱化,珍稀濒危野生动物濒临灭绝,渔业资源濒临枯竭等。分析其成因主要受到人类活动和自然气候变化双重作用影响,一是近40年青海湖地区的气温变化,具有明显的升温趋势,平均10年尺度上升温0.36℃,同期,降水量波动且略呈减少态势;二是入湖水量减少,对青海湖鱼类生长繁殖影响较大;三是草地开垦,超载过牧与樵采,构建围栏等人类活动剧烈。为此提出构建社会-经济-自然复合生态系统和谐的发展模式和开展沙漠化防治工程建设与制定青海湖综合整治规划的综合治理措施。 相似文献