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1.
Sustainable strategies for control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on oilseed rape are needed. Here we tested combinations of Trichoderma sp. Tri-1, formulated with oilseed rape seedcake and straw, with reduced application rates of the recommended chemical pesticide carbendazim for control of this pathogen on oilseed rape. The treatment containing the recommended rate of carbendazim provided the greatest reduction in disease when compared with treatments containing individual applications of lower rates of this pesticide or the formulated Tri-1 treatment in all field experiments. Treatments containing formulated Tri-1 combined with carbendazim applied at 50% or 75% the recommended rate reduced incidence of disease to levels statistically similar to the treatment containing carbendazim applied at the recommended rate in two field experiments conducted at the Wuxue County field site where a rice-oilseed rape rotation was used. The treatment containing formulated Tri-1 combined with carbendazim applied at 75% the recommended rate reduced incidence of disease to levels statistically similar to the treatment containing carbendazim applied at the recommended rate in two field experiments conducted at the Wuhan field site where a soybean-oilseed rape rotation was used. Experiments reported here using two oilseed rape production rotations indicate that integration of a biologically based control tactic, such as formulated Tri-1, into a disease management strategy can increase oilseed rape production sustainability through reduction in the use of chemical pesticides. 相似文献
2.
《Grass and Forage Science》1980,35(1):73-80
Book review in this article
Changes in Sward Composition and Productivity Edited by A. H. Charles and R. J. Haggar.
Science and Hill Farming Twenty five years of work at the Hill Farming Research Organisation 1954–1979 By various authors Hill Farming Research Organisation
Grassland Farmers in England and Wales By Gwyn E. Jones
Systems Simulation in Agriculture By J. B. Dent and M. J. Blackie
Introduction to the Principles and Practice of Soil Science By R. E. White
Silage (Tenth edition) Bulletin 37, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 相似文献
Changes in Sward Composition and Productivity Edited by A. H. Charles and R. J. Haggar.
Science and Hill Farming Twenty five years of work at the Hill Farming Research Organisation 1954–1979 By various authors Hill Farming Research Organisation
Grassland Farmers in England and Wales By Gwyn E. Jones
Systems Simulation in Agriculture By J. B. Dent and M. J. Blackie
Introduction to the Principles and Practice of Soil Science By R. E. White
Silage (Tenth edition) Bulletin 37, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 相似文献
3.
建立了一套以一次固相萃取前处理方法,运用气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）和液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）两种检测技术,测定茶叶中79种农药残留的可靠、快速、高通量检测方法。该方法用20βmL乙腈一次均质提取,分取提取液10βmL,用乙腈+甲苯（3∶1）20βmL洗脱过Carbon/NH2小柱净化,用5βmL乙腈定容混匀,于GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS同时检测。结果表明,79种农药在0.01~0.40βmg·L-1范围内线性良好,相关系数（R2）在0.995以上;高、低、中3种水平加标回收率在67.3%~130.8%内;相对标准偏差（RSD）在15%内;98.7%的农药定量限（LOQ）≤0.01βmg·kg-1;使用多种类茶叶实际检测,结果均合格。因此,该方法能同时检测含有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类和有机杂环类5大类农药,更有利于大批量茶叶样品的多农残检测。 相似文献
4.
在人工接种高病害压条件下,对当前生产上应用的13个油菜双低和杂交品种及14份资源材料进行了 对芜菁花叶病毒( TuMV)的抗性鉴定。结果表明,参试的13个油菜品种均不抗TuMV,但感病性低于对照品种中油 821。14份油菜资源材料间抗性差异显著,有3份材料表现高抗和中抗。大部分油菜推广品种表现的高发病率和 病情指数表明在病害流行地区和年份,这些品种不足以抵挡病毒病造成的损失。 相似文献
5.
以6种不同剂量（0、20、40、60、80、100 Gy）的60Co-γ射线辐照处理茉莉花[Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait]果实,观测其对茉莉花种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理的影响。结果表明：（1）低剂量（20~40 Gy）60Co-γ射线辐照加快茉莉花种子萌发;高剂量（60~100Gy）辐照推迟萌发,并极显著降低茉莉花种子生根率、根长及成苗率;随着辐照剂量的增加,幼苗株高先增后降,不同处理间差异显著,茎粗有降低的趋势,但除80Gy剂量处理外,其他处理与对照差异不显著。（2）随着辐照剂量的增加,幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性先升后降,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性极显著降低（P<0.01）,过氧化物酶（POD）活性先降后升,丙二醛（MDA）含量出现波动,对照的含量与所有辐照处理均无显著差异。（3）茉莉花种子幼苗叶片内叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b均随着辐照剂量的增加呈先降低后上升趋势,不同处理间差异极显著。（4）横县双瓣茉莉花种子的60Co-γ射线辐照半致死剂量（LD50）为73.51 Gy,临界剂量（LD40）为81.71 Gy。综上,低剂量率（1.0 Gy/min）条件下,60Co-γ射线辐照诱变茉莉花果实的适宜辐照剂量为73.51~81.71 Gy。 相似文献
6.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most important pathogens of winter oilseed rape plants. It causes the white mould disease of rape, thus significantly reducing the yield. The aim of our research was to use a spring oilseed rape variety sown in autumn or an early-flowering variety of winter oilseed rape to predict the infection pressure of S. sclerotiorum in a given year. Field experiments were conducted in 2008–2012 at the experimental station of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague at Červený Újezd, 20 km west of Prague. In the experiment, we used one variety of spring oilseed rape (Lužnice, LU) and one early-flowering variety of winter oilseed rape (Californium, CA). The methodology of the petal test involved isolating pathogenic fungi from fallen petals on a nutrient medium (potato dextrose agar) in Petri dishes. The first term of collection was the beginning of petal fall (BBCH 61) and the last term was the end of flowering (BBCH 69). The dishes with petals were visually analysed after 1 week. The results were compared with the actual occurrence of white mould of rape in the stand. The occurrence of white mould of rape was strongly influenced by the progress of weather conditions over the given year. Infected petals and stems with symptoms of white mould of rape were found to be moderately correlated (r = 0.80). Spread of white mould spores was mostly observed in two terms (BBCH 62 and BBCH 65). Statistically significant differences were not observed in the infection of petals of spring (LU) and winter (CA) oilseed rape. Spring oilseed rape (LU) and early-flowering varieties of winter oilseed rape (CA) can be used to determine the strength of infection pressure of S. sclerotiorum in the stand in a given year, thereby improving protection against white mould of rape. 相似文献
7.
The efficacy of emulsifiable concentrate and dust formulations of pirimiphos-methyl and etrimfos were assessed, when admixed with oilseed rape, 1 day after treatment, against susceptible beetle, moth and mite species. The minimum intended doses required to provide complete mortality differed with each pest species. If Maximum Residue Limits are introduced that are equivalent to less than one quarter of the current pesticide application rates, their effective use may be prevented, as control of Acarus siro and Tyrophagus putrescentiae may not be achieved. 相似文献
8.
Many studies have focused on research about impact of time and density of sowing on the agronomic characteristics of different crops. However, the number of studies investigating such a response on the qualitative composition of different types of winter oilseed rape varieties is still limited. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of sowing date and density on yield, protein and oil content and quality of winter oilseed rape varieties: open-pollinated, a typical hybrid of traditional type of growth and a new semi-dwarf hybrid, which biology and yielding have not been thoroughly established. This experiment was conducted applying four sowing dates (August 14, August 25, September 4, September 15), three winter oilseed rape cultivars (PR45D03 -semi-dwarf hybrid, PR46W31 – hybrid, Californium – open-pollinated) and four sowing rates (30, 40, 50, 60 seeds/m2). Among the compared sowing dates, August 25 proved to be optimal for yielding of the tested winter oilseed rape cultivars. Semi-dwarf variety contained less protein and glucosinolate in seeds, but more oil in comparison to other studied varieties (hybrid and open-pollinated). The yields did not differ significantly within a density of 40, 50, 60 seeds/m2, so it is important result, especially for the agricultural practice. 相似文献
9.
The pollen beetle is one of the most important oilseed rape pests wherever the crop is grown. If no control measures are applied, it can cause a greater than 50% reduction in yield. The over-use of insecticides (especially pyrethroids) to control the pollen beetle has led to the development of resistance. Thus, alternative control strategies are required. A field trial with three experimental fields with different contributions of turnip rape as a trap crop was established during the growth season of 2013–2014. A grid of GPS points was established on each field. Pollen beetle abundance was recorded at each GPS point by beating into trays, and damage was assessed by dissection of buds from terminal racemes. Data analysis was performed by two-way analysis of variance and the appearance of pollen beetle adults was processed in a geographic information system (GIS). Statistically significant differences were found in terms of the density of the pollen beetle population between trap crop plants and oilseed rape plants. Control thresholds on each oilseed rape field were not exceeded, whereas the density of the pollen beetle population on trap crop plants was greater by up to 40 fold, regardless of the contribution of trap crop plants. The data indicate that support systems should use sampling strategies that incorporate spatial information to model crop loss more accurately and that there may be the potential for spatially targeted applications of insecticides to optimize the influence of natural enemies in oilseed rape. 相似文献
10.
Transgenic bromoxynil (BX)-resistant spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was grown commercially in Canada only for two crop seasons – 2000 and 2001. We investigated the persistence of suspected BX-resistant oilseed rape volunteers in a 64-ha wheat field in Saskatchewan, Canada in 2007, 7 years after the BX-resistant cultivar BX Armor was grown. A small oilseed rape volunteer population, estimated at less than 100 plants, was observed in three main areas or patches in the field. These patches were located in low-lying areas that were too wet to plant or spray with herbicides in 2007. Viable seed was collected from 35 mature volunteers and F1 progeny screened with BX at 280 g ai/ha in the greenhouse. Progeny of all of the volunteers were visually rated as BX-resistant; the presence of the Oxy 235 transgene in leaf tissue of progeny of all volunteers was confirmed by PCR analysis. This study has documented the longest persistence of oilseed rape volunteers in Canada. Volunteers were not observed in 2008 or 2009, because of drought conditions in spring of both years. Results support the findings from previous studies that persistence of volunteer oilseed rape populations in western Canada is generally ephemeral or transitory in the absence of seed bank immigration. However, this study shows that oilseed rape transgenes can persist in the environment for a number of years even after all cultivars with the conferred trait are removed from the market. 相似文献
11.
李丽丽 《中国油料作物学报》1989,(2)
芜菁花叶病毒是引起我国油莱病毒病的主要毒原。在我国南方冬油菜产区采集了数百个芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)病株样品,经寄主鉴定和毒原纯化后,选择具有代表性的分离物30个,通过Provvidenti的一套鉴定品种进行株系鉴定,并用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)双抗体夹心法检测以及寄主范围试验,鉴定出三个不同株系即TuMV—CRL、TuMV—CR2和TuMV—CR3。除TuMV—CR3与Provvyidenti,R.在纽约和Green,S.K.在台湾对十字花科蔬菜上TuMV鉴定的五个株系中的TuMV—C1株系相同外,余均不同;与我国以往各地对十宇花科作物上TuMV株系鉴定的结果比较,由于国内鉴定工作未用此同样的鉴定方法进行鉴定,因此尚不能肯定油菜上的三个株系与国内已经鉴定的十字花科蔬菜上的株系的异同。 相似文献
12.
The use of statistical methods to evaluate winter oilseed rape doubled haploids for industrial purposes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zygmunt Kaczmarek Elzbieta Adamska Teresa Cegielska Laura Szala 《Industrial Crops and Products》2008,27(3):348-353
Doubled haploid (DH) production is valuable technology in modern plant breeding of oilseed rape. Doubled haploids can be produced from in vitro isolated and cultured microspores, which, instead of forming pollen, develop into haploid embryos. Either spontaneously or after artificial doubling of chromosomes, the arising resulting plants are diploid and fertile, and 100% homozygous for all genes. Biotechnological DH production offers various advantages for plant breeders, including the possibility to obtain homozygous lines rapidly, as well as easy selection due to the absence of heterozygosity. A DH line with desirable agronomic characters can be chosen and introduced into a breeding program as a result of selection for a combination of optimum characters. The study presents the application of uni- and multi-variate statistical methods to evaluate winter oilseed rape DH lines studied in a series of six experiments repeated at different localities and over a number of years. These methods made it possible to estimate individual DH lines under various environmental conditions, including the assessment of the content and stability of two different fatty acid compositions. The aim of the study was to classify and select the best oilseed rape genotypes with regard to the requirements of chemical and biodiesel industry concerning fatty acid compositions at simultaneously high seed yield. The paper contains the results of statistical analysis of 37 genotypes (32 DH lines, 2 parental forms, F2 and F3 hybrids and standard cultivar) performed on the basis of experiments carried out at 6 environments. A total of 14 genotypes were found satisfactory (11 stable and 3 unstable) for the chemical industry and 10 genotypes satisfactory (6 stable and 4 unstable) for the biodiesel industry. Among them 5 genotypes had very profitable significant and positive estimates of the main effect for seed yield. 相似文献
13.
L. M. Torres-Vila M. C. Rodríguez-Molina A. Lacasa-Plasencia P. Bielza-Lino 《Crop Protection》2002,21(10):1003-1013
Helicoverpa armigera is a major pest on a wide range of crops in Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia. Insecticide treatments are currently indispensable for its control in almost all crops, which has resulted in insecticide resistance occuring in some situations. However, since information about insecticide resistance of H. armigera in Europe is very limited, the current resistance status of this pest was investigated in Spain from 1995 to 1999. Toxicological bioassays were conducted in the laboratory, LD50's estimated by probit analysis and resistance factors (RF) calculated at the LD50 level. Eleven chemicals, including endosulfan, carbamates (carbaryl, methomyl, thiodicarb) and organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, methamidophos, azinphos-methyl, trichlorphon, acephate, monocrotophos) were tested. Ninety-seven percent of insecticide–strain combinations showed susceptibility (RF=1) or low insecticide resistance (RF=2–10) (157 of 162, 97%). Moderate resistance (RF=11–18) was only recorded to carbamates (carbaryl, methomyl and/or thiodicarb) in five strains. Insecticide resistance of H. armigera in Spain was therefore not as high or widespread as in other areas of the world. Since insecticide pressure against the pest in Spain is not likely to be lower, nor IPM implementation better, than elsewhere, additional factors that potentially account for low levels of insecticide resistance of H. armigera, including migration and cropping structure leading to the existence of refugia are discussed from an agroecological perspective. 相似文献
14.
WRKY转录因子是植物信号传导过程中的重要成员,在植物抗病过程中发挥着重要作用。为了解BnWRKY70在油菜黑胫病抗性反应中的作用机理,本研究对油菜响应黑胫病菌侵染产生的特异基因BnWRKY70进行序列分析;将克隆得到BnWRKY70基因CDS 308bp特异区段,利用烟草脆裂病毒（Tobacco rattle virus, TRV）载体构建了基于病毒诱导的油菜基因沉默体系;利用qRT-PCR验证目的基因的表达水平;最后进一步通过表型观察和病情指数统计分析评价BnWRKY70基因沉默植株在接种黑胫病菌之后油菜的抗病性。结果表明,BnWRKY70基因最长ORF为858bp,编码285个氨基酸,含有一个WRKY保守结构域,属于Ⅲ类WRKY转录因子。BnWRKY70基因沉默后的表达量显著下降,说明在油菜中成功构建了VIGS体系。表型观察发现基因沉默油菜株系叶片比未沉默株系更易感病,病斑面积更大,且病情指数显著高于对照,说明BnWRKY70基因沉默减弱了油菜的抗病性。本研究为揭示BnWRKY70在油菜病原菌分子互作机制中的作用奠定基础。 相似文献
15.
采用超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱,建立了茶叶中21种农药残留量的检测方法。茶叶样品经甲醇和水（V甲醇∶V水=1∶1）提取后,采用乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷和强阳离子交换剂作为混合吸附剂进行萃取净化。以C18色谱柱进行色谱分离,采用Full Scan扫描模式进行定性、定量分析。结果显示,21种农药在0.5~200βμg·L-1范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（r2）大于0.99。在10、50、100βμg·kg-1 3个加标水平下,平均回收率为70%~125%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于15%,定量限为10βμg·kg-1。本方法操作简单快速,灵敏度高,适用于茶叶中21种农药残留检测。 相似文献
16.
基于茶叶基质特点,开发了注射器内分散固相萃取快速前处理技术,建立了茶叶中24种农药残留超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。茶叶样品经乙腈提取,无水MgSO4盐析,在设计的注射器装置内以N-丙基乙二胺键合硅胶和石墨化炭黑作为分散吸附剂进行净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行检测。在3个添加水平（0.01、0.05、0.5βmg·kg-1）下,红茶和绿茶中24种农药的平均回收率为61.7%~98.8%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~5.5%,准确度和精密度良好。24种农药的红茶和绿茶基质标准工作液线性关系良好,相关系数（R2）均大于0.995,检出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为0.05~5.36βμg·kg-1和0.18~17.86βμg·kg-1,该方法具有良好的灵敏度。本方法具有简便快捷、所需仪器少、省时等优势,适用于茶叶中多农药残留的定量检测。 相似文献
17.
选育高含油量双低油菜品种的理论与实践 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：27
含油量作为油菜生产最终目标性状产油量的组成因素,与油菜生产效益的提高息息相关。在目前我国 油菜产量水平已得到相当程度提高的前提下,培育高含油量油菜品种是进一步发展油菜产业的必由之路。根据油 菜含油量的遗传特点,结合培育高含油量杂交油菜品种中油杂8号和中油杂11的体会,提出了除了利用黄籽以 外,培育大粒和适宜植株形态性状的品种也是提高油菜含油量的重要途径。初步构建了高含油量油菜品种的形态 组成,并基于近年来参加和通过国家区域试验的冬油菜品种含油量变化情况,展望了我国高含油量油菜育种的发 展前景。 相似文献
18.
Yield loss due to grazing by mute swans was measured on nine fields of autumn-sown oilseed rape located in five regions of England. Using a paired-plot design, a significant reduction in yield (total dry weight of seed) was observed on three of the fields: 18%, 23% and 24%, respectively. On the first of these fields yield reduction was not simply due to fewer seeds being produced, as the weight of individual seeds was also significantly lower on grazed plots, with a reduction in thousand seed weight of 13%. Between fields (n=9), yield loss was positively correlated with the number of swans per ha, and the number of days of swan grazing per ha. Significant levels of yield loss occurred only on fields grazed by >5 swans per ha. The density of swans grazing per ha can thus be used to predict potentially significant yield loss and provides an indicator of the level of swan grazing activity at which growers should consider deploying measures to reduce grazing. 相似文献
19.
15%氟啶胺包衣悬浮剂防治油菜根肿病研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为防治油菜重要病害根肿病,研制15%氟啶胺包衣悬浮剂,以甘蓝型油菜品种中双9号为材料的试验结果表明:按包衣比[包衣剂质量(g)∶种子质量(g)]≥1∶50包衣油菜种子,15%氟啶胺包衣剂对种子发芽率、成苗率及油菜苗高、根长和鲜重没有显著影响。用包衣比1∶200、1∶100、1∶50和1∶25包衣的种子,盆栽试验中根肿病的防治效果为43.7%、46.4%、83.5%和92.5%;田间小区试验防治效果分别为22.2%、53.6%、44.5%和54.5%。初步结果说明,可用15%氟啶胺的包衣悬浮剂按包衣比1∶100~1∶50处理种子防治油菜根肿病。 相似文献
20.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes serious yield losses in oilseed rape and other crops worldwide. Field trials were conducted at two locations to evaluate two formulations of oilseed rape seed containing the plant-growth promoting bacterium Bacillus megaterium A6 for suppression of this pathogen. Treatments containing strain A6 in pellet and in wrap formulations resulted in oilseed rape seed yields that were similar to the chemical control and significantly greater than the untreated seed control at both locations. Treatments containing A6 in pellet and wrap formulations also resulted in an incidence of disease caused by S. sclerotiorum that was similar to the chemical control. Both of these treatments significantly decreased disease incidence relative to the untreated seed control and to the respective formulated seed controls (that did not contain strain A6) at both locations. Strain A6 applied to oilseed rape seed in these two formulations promoted growth in greenhouse pot studies conducted with autoclaved soil. In two experiments, these treatments resulted in significant increases in mean shoot dry weight per pot and mean % total N per plant relative to their respective controls containing formulated oilseed rape seed without strain A6 and to the untreated seed control. Both formulations provided stable B. megaterium A6 (≥106 CFU) and seed germination (>85%) over a six month period at room temperature. Experiments reported here indicate the commercial potential of these formulations of B. megaterium A6 for suppression of S. sclerotiorum on oilseed rape. 相似文献