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1.
抽穗扬花期高温胁迫对不同耐热性水稻生理指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高温热害对水稻生产造成了巨大的损失,其危害机理研究刚刚起步。为了研究不同耐热性水稻在高温胁迫下主要生理指标的变化情况,对其生理指标与耐热性的关系进行分析。结果表明:不同品种的水稻,耐热性存在差异,可以通过耐热系数筛选不同的耐热品种;高温胁迫对不同耐热性水稻的生理指标有较大的影响,绝大多数的生理指标随高温处理时间延长,表现出先增大,达到峰值后下降的趋势;耐热性强的水稻品种,各个生理指标的峰值出现的较晚,耐热性差的品种,较早达到峰值;耐热系数和生理指标相关分析表明耐热系数除与MDA含量呈正相关关系外,与各生理指标上呈负相关关系,其中与CAT酶活性相关系数到达了-0.75222**。高温胁迫下,水稻水稻生理指标会发生很大的变化;每个生理指标基本都有峰值出现,表明生物体高温热害是应激物质等调节存在反馈机制;高温胁迫时生理指标变化与耐热性有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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为探讨全球气候变暖情况下,水稻高产稳产栽培技术及耐热新品种选育,以13个杂交水稻品种为材料,在田间自然条件下,研究了抽穗期高温对水稻产量的影响及其品种差异。结果表明,抽穗期温度升高会显著降低水稻产量,该时期平均温度每升高1℃会造成水稻减产15.3%。不同水稻品种对抽穗期高温的响应表现出显著的差异,父本丰新占所配组合对抽穗期高温的耐热能力较差,表现为结实率较低(40.5%～59.3%),而父本GR560所配组合对抽穗期高温有一定的耐热能力,结实率较高(64.9%～75.6%)。水稻抽穗期高温胁迫问题的解决,应侧重于培育生育期与当地栽培环境相适宜的新品种或通过种植制度调整和栽培技术创新,使其避开抽穗期高温。 相似文献
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抽穗期高温对不同品种水稻产量的影响及差异 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《中国农学通报》2019,(9)
为探讨全球气候变暖情况下,水稻高产稳产栽培技术及耐热新品种选育,以13个杂交水稻品种为材料,在田间自然条件下,研究了抽穗期高温对水稻产量的影响及其品种差异。结果表明:抽穗期温度升高会显著降低水稻产量,该时期平均温度每升高1℃会造成水稻减产15.3%。不同水稻品种对抽穗期高温的响应表现出显著的差异,父本丰新占所配组合对抽穗期高温的耐热能力较差,表现为结实率较低(40.5%～59.3%),而父本GR560所配组合对抽穗期高温有一定的耐热能力,结实率较高(64.9%～75.6%)。水稻抽穗期高温胁迫问题的解决,应侧重于培育生育期与当地栽培环境相适宜的新品种或通过种植制度调整和栽培技术创新,使其避开抽穗期高温。 相似文献
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水稻生长对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水稻是我国主要粮食作物,也是用水量最多的作物.研究水稻抗旱性,培育抗旱水稻品种,实现水资源不足背景下水稻的高产和稳产,有助于缓和粮食生产与水资源短缺之间的矛盾.国内外学者对水稻抗旱机理、抗旱鉴定指标以及抗旱相关基因的分析等做了大量研究并取得了突破性进展.本文从形态特征、生理生化特性以及分子水平等方面综述了干旱胁迫对水稻生长的影响,全面了解水稻在干旱胁迫下的形态变化及其生理生化抗旱机制,以期为鉴定筛选抗旱种质、选育抗旱品种提供参考. 相似文献
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高温胁迫条件下水稻生理生化指标与产量性状的相关性研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为探索水稻发育的不同时期高温胁迫对其产量性状的影响与其生理生化指标变化的相关性,试图找出研究耐热品种和热敏品种差异的最适时期。本研究分别在耐热性不同的水稻品种的不同生育时期进行了高温胁迫处理。灌浆结实期发生高温胁迫,品种间差异较大,耐热品种的可溶性糖含量的增加幅度(64%)明显高于热敏感品种(32%),耐热品种可溶性蛋白含量增加幅度较大（增加了41%）,而热敏感品种减少幅度较大（减少了16%）。耐热品种和热敏感品种产量性状的差异在灌浆结实期表现的尤为突出,耐热品种还保持较高的结实率和谷重,而热敏感品种反之。灌浆结实期可能是研究水稻耐热性差异的一个最佳时期。 相似文献
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花期高温胁迫对水稻花药生理特性及花粉性状的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为探明花期高温胁迫对水稻花器官的影响机制,以耐热水稻品系996和热敏感水稻品系4628为材料,在人工气候室进行高温(8:00~17:00,37℃;17:00~次日8:00,30℃)和适温处理(8:00~17:00, 30℃;17:00~次日8:00,25℃), 研究高温胁迫对水稻花药抗氧化酶活性、膜透性、MDA含量及花粉性状等生理特性的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下,水稻花药中SOD、POD、CAT、AsA-POD活性在高温胁迫初期均明显增加,尔后快速下降,耐热品系996这四种酶活性增幅大于热敏感品系4628;热敏感品系4628花药中MDA含量和膜透性在高温胁迫下增幅大于耐热性品系996;高温胁迫导致花药开裂、花粉萌发率和柱头上花粉粒数的显著下降,花粉粒直径增大。但耐热品系996的前3项参数显著高于热敏感品系4628。高温胁迫下水稻花药中保持较高抗氧化酶活性、较好的花粉散落特性和花粉萌发特性及较低的膜透性和MDA含量,是品种耐高温的生理基础。 相似文献
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高温逆境胁迫对油桃生理特征影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为分析油桃的耐热特性,为耐热品种选育研究奠定基础,以‘早红珠’油桃嫁接苗为试材,研究不同高温胁迫对植株形态特征和生理指标变化。结果表明,高温胁迫对植株形态特征产生影响,随着温度升高和持续,受害指数加大,33℃和39℃高温胁迫对植株生长影响小,45℃高温胁迫3d后植株热害症状明显;高温胁迫下,植株生理指标呈规律性变化,随着温度升高,叶绿素(Chl)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量降低,且随着胁迫持续下降幅度越大;除胁迫初期外,丙二醛(MDA)含量呈微增－减少－增加趋势;脯氨酸(Pro)含量逐渐增加,但45℃高温条件下,随着胁迫延长其含量急剧下降;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性持续缓慢升高,除45℃高温处理第3d外,其活性在其他处理时增幅小;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先升后降,39℃处理时达峰值;高温下植株受害指数与Chl、Car、MDA、Pro、SOD及CAT等生理指标间具有显著相关性。 相似文献
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抽穗开花期不同高温处理对水稻开花习性和结实率的影响 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
为了探明高温胁迫对水稻的伤害机理,利用人工气候箱在水稻抽穗开花期对2个耐热性不同早稻品种进行不同高温处理,研究高温胁迫对水稻开花习性和结实率的影响。结果表明,随着胁迫温度的升高,日开花数减少,日开花峰值降低,开颖角度减小,花粉粒直径增大,花药开裂、花粉活力、柱头活力下降,结实率降低。相关分析表明,2个品种的结实率与花粉活力、花药开裂系数、柱头活力之间均呈显著正相关（R=0.9733*,0.9768*和0.9270*）。水稻抽穗开花期受高温的危害存在品种间差异,相同高温胁迫下,耐热品种996受高温的伤害小于热敏感品种4628。 相似文献
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水稻生殖生长期对高温胁迫响应的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
近年来,水稻生殖生长期高温热害越来越严重,已经引起政府和科学工作者的关注,本文从高温热害的原因、水稻生殖生长期在高温胁迫下的生理生化和分子水平响应,以及根系在高温热害时的响应等方面,论述了水稻对高温热害的响应,并提出了目前研究中的一些难点和今后的研究方向,以期为水稻高温热害研究提供一些参考。 相似文献
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抽穗和灌浆早期高温对耐热性不同籼稻品种产量的影响及其生理原因 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
选用4个耐热性不同的籼稻品种,分别于抽穗(始穗后0~10 d)和灌浆早期(始穗后11~20 d)进行高温(白天温度>33℃)处理,以同期自然温度(白天温度<30℃)为对照,研究高温对产量的影响及其生理机制。结果表明,与对照相比,高温处理显著降低热敏感品种的花粉可育率、受精率,而耐热品种与对照无显著差异。高温胁迫明显降低热敏感品种的结实率,导致产量显著下降,且抽穗期高温处理影响大于灌浆早期处理。高温胁迫显著增加耐热品种黄华占叶片的抗氧化酶活性,对热敏感品种影响不大。高温胁迫显著降低热敏感品种籽粒ATP酶活性,耐热品种结果则相反。高温处理增加两类品种叶片温度和丙二醛(MDA)含量,降低根系活力和叶片光合速率,耐热品种增降的幅度显著小于热敏感品种。在高温胁迫下较低的叶片温度,较强的根系活力和抗氧化保护系统能力及较高的籽粒ATP酶活性是耐热性品种保持较高产量的重要生理原因,也是耐热品种的重要生理特征。 相似文献
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Increasing severity of high temperature worldwide presents an alarming threat to the humankind. As evident by massive yield losses in various food crops, the escalating adverse impacts of heat stress (HS) are putting the global food as well as nutritional security at great risk. Intrinsically, plants respond to high temperature stress by triggering a cascade of events and adapt by switching on numerous stress‐responsive genes. However, the complex and poorly understood mechanism of heat tolerance (HT), limited access to the precise phenotyping techniques, and above all, the substantial G × E effects offer major bottlenecks to the progress of breeding for improving HT. Therefore, focus should be given to assess the crop diversity, and targeting the adaptive/morpho‐physiological traits while making selections. Equally important is the rapid and precise introgression of the HT‐related gene(s)/QTLs to the heat‐susceptible cultivars to recover the genotypes with enhanced HT. Therefore, the progressive tailoring of the heat‐tolerant genotypes demands a rational integration of molecular breeding, functional genomics and transgenic technologies reinforced with the next‐generation phenomics facilities. 相似文献
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水稻高温胁迫及耐热性育种 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
高温胁迫是水稻高产、稳产、优质的一个重要限制因素,水稻高温胁迫与耐热性的研究具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文对有关的重要成果进行了阐述,包括：1.高温胁迫对水稻生长发育、产量性状和品质以及主要生理生化过程的影响;2.水稻的耐热性表现。最后,就有关耐热性育种提出了几点建议。 相似文献
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为了更好的开展抗热水稻育种工作,本研究试图从非洲地区收集的水稻种质资源中筛选耐热资源。采用最新建立的梯级温度法对来自非洲各地区的6 个水稻品种进行花期高温处理,通过不同温度下的受精率,计算耐热指数和耐热综合指数,以耐热综合指数判定材料的耐热性。结果表明,品种‘SDWG005’在不同温度下的耐热指数皆大于0.9,耐热综合指数为6.462,表现出极强的耐热性;品种‘SDWG001’在不同温度下的耐热指数大于0.5,耐热综合指数为4.163,表现出强耐热性;品种‘SDBN001’与品种‘SDSL013’在37℃下的耐热指数小于0.5,其他温度下耐热指数大于0.6,耐热综合指数分别为3.694 与3.406,表现出较耐热性。筛选得到了一个极强耐高温品种‘SDWG005’,2 个强耐高温品种‘SDWG001’与‘SDBN001’,试验显示来源于非洲的水稻中可能潜藏有宝贵的可用于育种的耐热资源和基因。 相似文献
16.
Mao-mao Li Xia Li Li-qin Yu Jin-wen Wu Hui Li Jin Liu Xiao-ding Ma Su-min Jo Dong-Soo Park Youchun Song Dongjin Shin Long-zhi Han 《Euphytica》2018,214(4):70
The ongoing rise in temperatures caused by global climate change is a critical climatic risk factor for rice production, and enhancing rice heat tolerance is an area of particular research interest. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population was developed from heat sensitive, rice cultivar IAPAR-9 crossed with heat tolerant, Liaoyan241. RIL and parental lines were exposed to high temperature at the heating and flowering stage in experiments in 2014 and 2015. As indicators of heat tolerance, the seed setting rate under natural (NS) and heat stress (HTS) conditions were measured, and the reduction rate of seed set (RRS) was calculated. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis revealed eleven heat tolerance QTLs located on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Single QTL contribution rates were 4.75–13.81% and effect values were ? 5.98 to 5.00. Four major QTLs (qNS1, qNS4, qNS6, and qRRS1) were stable detected in different environments in both years. Thirteen QTLs with epistatic interactions and nine QTLs with environmental interactions were also detected. Major QTLs were all involved in epistatic and environmental interactions. Three QTLs from the SSR marker interval RM471 to RM177 region of chromosome 4 (qNS4, qHTS4, and qRRS4) were all involved in epistatic and environmental interactions and contributed to phenotypic variation, indicating that this region constituted a major QTL hotspot. The major QTL for heat tolerance identified in this study will aid in breeding tolerant cultivars and facilitating investigation of the molecular underpinnings of heat tolerance in rice. 相似文献
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Thresholds,sensitive stages and genetic variability of finger millet to high temperature stress 
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下载免费PDF全文 R. A. Opole P. V. V. Prasad M. Djanaguiraman K. Vimala M. B. Kirkham H. D. Upadhyaya 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2018,204(5):477-492
Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is an important coarse cereal crop grown in the arid and semi‐arid regions and often experiences high temperature (HT) stress. The objectives of this research were (i) to quantify effects of season‐long HT stress on physiological and yield traits, (ii) to identify the developmental stages most sensitive to HT stress and (iii) to quantify the genetic variability for HT stress tolerance in finger millet. Research was conducted in controlled environment conditions. HT stress decreased the chlorophyll index, photosystem II activity, grain yield and harvest index. Maximum decrease in number of seeds per panicle and grain yield per plant was observed when stress was imposed during booting, panicle emergence or flowering stages. Maximum genotypic variation was explained by panicle width and number of seeds per panicle at optimum temperature (OT) and grain yield per plant at HT and number of seeds at HT. Based on the stress response and grain yield, tolerant or susceptible genotypes were identified. Finger millet is sensitive to HT stress during reproductive stages, and there was genotypic variability among the finger millet genotypes for number of seeds per panicle and grain yield under HT, which can be exploited to enhance stress tolerance. 相似文献
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Integrated “omics” approaches to sustain global productivity of major grain legumes under heat stress 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Grain legumes serve as key sources of dietary protein to the global human population. Consequence of high‐temperature (HT) stress is increasingly evident as drastically lost production of different crops including grain legumes worldwide, thus putting the global food security under great threat. In a changing climate scenario, cool season‐adapted grain legumes frequently encounter heat stress (HS) during their reproductive phase, thus witnessing serious yield losses. To combat the emerging challenges of HT stress, an integrated approach demanding collaborative efforts from various disciplines of plant science should be in place. This review summarizes major impacts of HT stress on grain legume, and captures the relevance of crop genetic resources to HS tolerance in these crops. Measurement of physiological traits assumes key place in view of ever‐increasing precision of next‐generation phenotyping assays. We also discuss the significance of genetic inheritance and QTL discovery and evolving “omics” science for developing HS tolerance grain legume crops. 相似文献
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In the southern United States, corn production encounters moisture deficit coupled with high‐temperature stress, particularly during the reproductive stage of the plant. In evaluating plants for environmental stress tolerance, it is important to monitor changes in their physical environment under natural conditions, especially when there are multiple stress factors, and integrate this information with their physiological responses. A low‐cost microcontroller‐based monitoring system was developed to automate measurement of canopy, soil and air temperatures, and soil moisture status in field plots. The purpose of this study was to examine how this system, in combination with physiological measurements, could assist in detecting differences among corn genotypes in response to moisture deficit and heat stress. Three commercial hybrids and two inbred germplasm lines were grown in the field under irrigated and non‐irrigated conditions. Leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigments, cell membrane thermostability (CMT) and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were determined on these genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Variations observed in air and soil temperatures, and soil moisture in plots of the individual corn genotypes helped explain their differences in canopy temperature (CT), and these variations were reflected in the physiological responses. One of the commercial hybrids, having the lowest CT and the highest CMT, was the most tolerant among the genotypes under moisture deficit and heat stress conditions. These results demonstrated that the low‐cost microcontroller‐based monitoring system, in combination with physiological measurements, was effective in evaluating corn genotypes for drought and heat stress tolerance. 相似文献