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对徐州市售草鱼细菌带染状况及耐药性分析,结果表明从其鳃中分离到4 株革兰氏阴性短杆菌,暂时编号为ZYF-1、ZYF-2、ZYF-3 和ZYF-4,查阅数值编码鉴定ZYF-1 菌株为志贺（Shigella sp.）,ZYF-2、ZYF-3 菌株为大肠埃希菌（Escherichia coli）,ZYF-4 菌株为泉居沙雷菌（Serratia fonticola）。药敏试验结果表明,4 株分离菌的耐药率分别为75.8%、72.4%、65.5%和82.8%,均对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、复方新诺明、磺胺异恶唑和甲氧苄啶等11 种抗生素耐药。本研究显示市售草鱼存在志贺菌、大肠埃希菌带染现象,对多种抗生素耐药,这为食源性细菌鉴定及鱼病防治提供参考。 相似文献
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为了解福建宁德地区猪源细菌对氟苯尼考耐药性及耐药基因floR的遗传特性。本研究从宁德地区6个猪场分别采集了50份仔猪粪便样品。从中分离得到氟苯尼考耐药大肠杆菌17株、沙门氏菌2株、肺炎克雷伯菌5株和鲍曼不动杆菌8株。并对其耐药基因floR进行同源性分析。结果显示,宁德地区猪源大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对氟苯尼考的耐药检出率分别为34%、4%、10%和16%。且所有的分离细菌都呈现了多重耐药性。同源性分析发现不同细菌间的耐药基因floR存在高度同源性。这些结果表明氟苯尼考耐药基因floR广泛存在于不同细菌间,且可在不同细菌间进行水平传播。该研究为氟苯尼考耐药基因floR的广泛传播奠定了一定的理论基础,对临床合理用药提供了依据。 相似文献
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动物源金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及其耐药性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
摘 要：为了了解动物源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况,采集不同地区动物源临床样品,采用科玛嘉金黄色葡萄球菌显色培养基对样品中的金葡菌进行分离鉴定,微量肉汤稀释法对分离出的部分金葡菌进行耐药性分析。结果显示,青岛、济南和扬州等地犬源及山东平度鸡源总样品中金葡菌的分离率分别为8.2%、9.5%、5.8%、3.3%;犬源金葡菌对苯唑西林钠、头孢唑林钠、头孢曲松钠、氨苄西林钠、阿莫西林+克拉维酸钾、庆大霉素和阿米卡星的耐药率较低,而对磺胺甲噁唑钠、林可霉素、青霉素钾、硫氰酸红霉素、磷酸替米考星的耐药率均高于68.0%;鸡源金葡菌对多数药物产生高度耐药性,仅对庆大霉素和阿米卡星的耐药率较低,均为25%。表明,动物源金葡菌的分离率较低,鸡源金葡菌的分离率低于犬源临床样品;不同地区动物源金葡菌对临床常用药物产生了不同程度的耐药性,与犬源金葡菌的耐药情况相比,鸡源金葡菌的耐药性范围大、耐药程度严重。本研究为这些地区临床用药提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
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猪Ⅱ型链球菌分离鉴定与药敏试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
自某市猪场采集的病料中分离出了5株猪链球菌,进行血清型鉴定及毒力、耐药性研究。通过细菌分离培养、生化试验、PCR试验及耐药性对分离菌进行试验。鉴定此5株全为链球菌,其中3株为猪链球菌2型。对3株猪链球菌2型进行小鼠毒力试验及药敏试验,结果表明：分离的3株猪链球菌2型对小鼠均有毒力,分离菌株对万古霉素、利福平、氨苄西林、头孢拉定高度敏感,对复方新诺明、红霉素、卡那霉素、克林霉素、链霉素、强力霉素、青霉素G、四环素、新霉素耐药。 相似文献
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采用组织分离与稀释分离法,对西部马铃薯生产基地(河西加工型马铃薯基地)贮藏期不同品种的种薯进行病原菌分离鉴定。结果表明,种植年限较长、面积较大的品种陇薯3号、大西洋、费乌瑞它带菌率为25%～32.7%。共计鉴定出真菌性病原菌11种,细菌性病原菌3种,其中优势真菌为茄链格孢菌Alternaria solani、茄病镰刀菌Fusarium solani、硫色镰刀菌F.sulphureum、尖镰孢菌F.orysporium、致病疫霉菌Phytophthora inestans分离率为10%～46%。优势细菌为密执安棒形菌Clavibater michiganense、胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌Erwinia carotovora分离率为10%～46%。茄青枯假单胞杆菌Pseudomonas solaacearum是生产上值得监视的一个细菌。为马铃薯种薯包衣技术提供理论依据。 相似文献
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茄科作物青枯病原菌的脂肪酸鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【研究目的】采用脂肪酸鉴定技术对茄科作物青枯病原菌进行鉴定,以期为青枯病的预防与防治提供技术支持。【方法】采用选择性培养技术对茄子、番茄和辣椒病株进行青枯病原菌的分离和纯化,而后对青枯病原菌进行脂肪酸鉴定。【结果】经选择性培养分离得到的36株青枯病原菌中,有33株鉴定为典型的青枯雷尔氏菌（Ralstonia solanacearum）,占91.67%;茄子、番茄和辣椒上的青枯病原菌被鉴定为青枯雷尔氏菌的比例分别为100%、90%和89.47%。【结论】脂肪酸鉴定技术具有快速性、准确性,并可通过计算机的运用使分类达到数据化、自动化,可在茄科作物青枯病的检测中得到广泛的应用。 相似文献
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了解胶东地区不同家禽携带沙门菌的流行分布及其耐药现状，为有效防控家禽沙门菌的流行传播及遏制其耐药提供依据。采用细菌的常规分离培养、质谱法、PCR法和微量肉汤稀释法等，对2021年8—10月在胶东5个地区3种家禽养殖场采集的3150份泄殖腔拭子进行沙门菌分离鉴定、血清型鉴定、药敏试验及β-内酰胺酶主要耐药基因的检测，利用统计学方法进行差异显著性分析。结果发现：(1)共分离获得194株沙门菌(6.16%)。水禽源沙门菌的携带率(14.36%)比肉鸡(5.04%)、蛋鸡(1.15%)高。(2)较多的血清型为S.Enteritidis(38.14%)、S.Kentucky(21.65%)、S.Senftenberg(14.95%)、S.Indiana(12.37%)、S.Typhimurium(8.76%)为主。肉鸡和水禽(均为7种)的沙门菌血清型较蛋鸡(3种)多，但均以S.Enteritidis为主。(3)110株禽源沙门菌对氨苄西林、异磺胺异噁唑、四环素3种药物耐药相对严重(58.18%～77.27%)，未检测到美罗培南的耐药菌株。水禽和肉鸡源菌株较蛋鸡耐药严重，尤其对阿莫西林/克拉维酸(... 相似文献
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花鲈皮肤溃疡病病原菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了确定海水池塘养殖花鲈发生皮肤溃疡病的病原菌及其防治方法。利用莆田市人工饲养的花鲈中挑取具有皮肤溃疡病明显症状的幼鱼,从体表病灶和体内组织中分离出病原菌,通过人工感染试验、细菌形态观察及常规生理生化指标测定对其进行了分类学鉴定,同时进行药敏试验。结果表明：引起该养殖场皮肤溃疡病的病原菌为哈维氏弧菌,该菌对复方新诺明、阿莫西林、哌拉西林、替卡西林、头孢拉定、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、头孢呋辛钠、美罗培南、头孢西丁、卡那霉素、奈替米星、阿米卡星等14种药物敏感,对米诺环素、链霉素等抗生素表现出耐药。在实际生产上采用饲料中添加复方新诺明和维生素C的方法来治疗花鲈皮肤溃疡病,连续用药10天后,取得了较好的疗效。 相似文献
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甘蓝多抗性抗源筛选及抗病品种选配鉴定分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对甘蓝种质材料815份自交系的主要经济性状和抗病性的初步选择,入选了比较优良的自交系612份。然后利用研究建立的甘蓝室内苗期TuMV、Br、CMV抗性鉴定方法,结合田间自然抗病性鉴定方法,鉴定筛选出H8501、B8502、J8806、B9505等4个抗源。并以抗源为母本,以经济性状优良,配合力高和抗病的另5个自交系为父本杂交18个组合。经对组合抗病性和主要经济性状鉴定分析,结果表现组合均抗病,同时优质性和丰产性均优良的有8个组合,其中4个组合参加品种区域试验并通过了省级和国家品种审定。 相似文献
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101份中国甘蔗主要育种亲本褐锈病抗性鉴定及Bru1基因的分子检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由黑顶柄锈菌引起的甘蔗褐锈病是一种重要的世界性甘蔗病害,Bru1是甘蔗抗褐锈病主效基因,该基因对不同地区的褐锈病分离物具有广谱抗性。为明确中国甘蔗主要育种亲本对黑顶柄锈菌的抗性水平,了解Bru1基因在这些亲本中的分布情况,本研究于2014年对中国国家甘蔗种质资源圃保存的101份甘蔗主要育种亲本进行苗期抗褐锈病鉴定和抗褐锈病基因Bru1的分子检测。结果显示,供试亲本中,共48份抗病材料含有抗褐锈病基因Bru1,频率为47.5%,表明中国甘蔗主要育种亲本中褐锈病抗性主要由Bru1控制;其余29份抗病材料和24份感病材料均不含抗褐锈病基因Bru1,暗示除了Bru1外,可能还有其他抗褐锈病基因存在。研究结果为深入开展甘蔗抗褐锈病育种,选育和推广优良抗病品种,有效防控甘蔗褐锈病提供了科学依据和优良抗性亲本。 相似文献
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For Brassica crop breeders, weedy crucifers are potential sources of disease resistance and other useful traits. However,
few species have been evaluated or are well represented in germplasm collections. In this study, we evaluated 24 Eurasian
crucifer species for disease reaction to North American isolates of the crop pathogens A. brassicicola and X. campestris pv.
campestris. The test array comprised 190 entries (genebank accessions and weed populations), including 108 B. nigra entries
from four geographic regions and 34 entries of Camelina sativa. Disease reaction was highly variable between species and within
some species. Reaction to A. brassicicola was variable between entries of C. sativa, a species reported as highly resistant
to Alternaria pathogens. In B. nigra, disease reaction was variable between geographic regions and between entries within
some regions. Most of the B. nigra entries rated as disease resistant were weed populations from North America, but disease
reaction was not related to the geographic distance between these populations. In summary, disease reaction to two crop pathogens
was variable in crucifer weed taxa, including species considered to contain little genetic variation. We identified entries
with promising levels of disease resistance and highlighted the potential value of weedy crucifer genetic resources.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Summary The reactions of 233 Triticum dicoccoides acessions, collected at 10 sites in Israel and elsewhere, to infection with cultures of Erysiphe graminis tritici, were determined. The reactions indicated that the number of sources of resistance to E. graminis tritici which can be obtained from T. dicoccoides plants growing wild in Israel and elsewhere is almost unlimited. One hundred and fourteen or 49% of the accessions were resistant, and 137 or 59% of the accessions were resistant or moderately resistant to infection with four cultures of E. graminis tritici which possess the virulence genes corresponding to most of the identified resistance genes in wheat. Accessions collected at sites with marginal habitats where T. dicoccoides grows poorly and has lower grain weight, were more susceptible than were accessions collected at sites with an optimal habitat for growth of T. dicoccoides. The results agreed with those in a previous study with Hordeum spontaneum, and indicate that to obtain H. spontaneum or T. dicoccoides accessions with the highest level of resistance to the powdery mildew pathogens, plants should be collected at sites in ecological and geographic regions where those two species occupy optimum habitats and are exposed to the powdery mildew pathogens. 相似文献
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大白菜品种对陕西省太白县根肿病的抗性鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确陕西省太白县塘口村大白菜根肿病发病区根肿菌的生理小种和大白菜品种对根肿病的抗性差异,采用Williams鉴别系统对采自塘口村的根肿病菌进行生理小种鉴定,采用室内人工接种和田间自然发病鉴定方法研究了32份大白菜品种对根肿病的抗性。结果表明,塘口区的大白菜根肿菌为7号生理小种。32个参试品种中有5个经大田和人工2种方法鉴定均表现免疫,其病情指数均为0,即‘百慕田CR-D25’、‘CR金将军’、‘CR金山’、‘CR兴春’和‘CR中联金宝’。这5个品种可作为塘口村抗根肿病主栽品种及育种中的抗源使用。 相似文献
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Meng-Ping Lei Guang-Rong Li Li Zhou Cheng-Hui Li Cheng Liu Zu-Jun Yang 《Euphytica》2013,193(2):197-205
Chili veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) is one of the most destructive pepper pathogens in Asia. Development of ChiVMV-resistant cultivars is necessary to control ChiVMV infection on pepper farms. However, sources of variation for ChiVMV resistance have not been identified and only a recessive resistance gene has been identified. We initially screened 30 pepper lines from several countries using inoculation tests to further examine inheritance of ChiVMV resistance, to establish a relevant breeding program, and to develop a new resistant line. Here, we report a new genetically dominant source of resistance to ChiVMV in pepper. Secondly, we found two amplified fragment length polymorphisms linked to dominant resistance and converted them into high-resolution melting markers, which were located on chromosome 6. Furthermore, we obtained a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker that was closer to the ChiVMV resistance locus using comparative mapping. The newly discovered marker, related to a single dominant gene, will help researchers develop a new ChiVMV-resistant pepper cultivar. 相似文献
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Mist-chamber, field, and detached leaf inoculation procedures identified plants resistant to bacterial soft rot [Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, (Ecc)] in Brassica rapa and related species. The mist-chamber seedling inoculation provided the best correlation of mean disease severity ratings
with the field plant inoculation (r = 0.67**) and was used to identify resistant materials. The optimum mist-chamber incubation conditions to distinguish the resistance
of accessions were 23 °C and 100% RH and were used for primary screening. A total of 752 accessions of B. rapa and related Cruciferae were screened. In general, accessions of B. oleracea were more resistant than accessions of B. rapa. Within B. rapa, subspecies pekinensis and chinensis were more susceptible than other subspecies. No completely resistant material was found. In species of B. rapa, only 7% of accessions showed some degree of resistance with plant-to-plant variation within the accessions. G30444, G30449,
and AVRDC2837 were identified as the most resistant materials in B. rapa by both mist-chamber and field inoculations. The resistance was correlated between an USA isolate (Geneva-1) and two Chinese
isolates (RL4-1 and RL-19) of Ecc.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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为明确甘蔗野生资源对黑顶柄锈菌的抗性水平,了解Bru1基因在甘蔗野生资源中的分布状况,于2013年对中国国家甘蔗种质资源圃保存的31份野生核心种质资源进行苗期抗褐锈病鉴定和抗褐锈病基因Bru1的分子检测。结果表明,31份供试材料中,高抗(1级)至中抗(3级)的有28份,占90.3%。其中19份材料表现高抗(1级),占61.3%,3份材料表现抗病(2级),占9.7%,6份材料表现中抗(3级),占19.4%。31份供试材料中只有贵州78-2-12、云南97-4、E.rockii95-19、E.rockii 95-20、云南83-224、广西79-8、云南95-35和广西89-13含抗褐锈病基因Bru1,占参试材料的25.8%;其余20份抗病材料和3份感病材料均不含抗褐锈病基因Bru1,表明除Bru1外,可能还有其他抗褐锈病基因存在。结果暗示中国国家甘蔗种质资源圃保存的野生核心种质资源中蕴藏着优良的抗褐锈病基因,是选育抗褐锈病甘蔗品种很有利用前景的抗源种质。 相似文献
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根肿病(Plasmodiophora brassicae)菌侵染对大白菜幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
旨在研究根肿病菌侵染过程中膜脂过氧化相关指标及保护酶类活性的变化。以感病（91-12B）和抗病（CR91-12B）大白菜为试验材料,采用注射法对其进行接菌,取样测定。91-12B和CR91-12B抗氧化酶类活性均表现为先升高后降低,但抗病CR91-12B对病菌胁迫反应迅速,防御及时,活性氧系统处于动态平衡。感病91-12B对病菌胁迫反应慢,防御不及时,活性氧系统平衡被破坏。这说明接菌后,抗病材料能及时产生超氧阴离子作为信号激发细胞的抗氧化反应。同时发现,接菌后第8天为抗病CR91-12B对病菌胁迫产生反应的时间。本试验验证了根肿病抗性与膜脂过氧化间的关系,为一些生长调节剂和人工合成的活性氧清除剂在抗根肿病上的应用提供了依据; 相似文献