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稗草病原菌防御性接种防治稻瘟病研究初报 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
用稗草病原菌互格交链孢菌、弯孢菌、禾长蠕孢菌稗草专化型和尖角突脐孢菌在实验室人工智能气候箱防御性接种感稻瘟病的水稻品种原丰早，预接种后1、2、3、5和7 d分别挑战接种强致病力的稻瘟病菌“中A1”和“中B1”小种。结果表明，与对照相比，稗草病原菌防御接种后，稻瘟病病斑数减少，病斑减少率在35.59%~80.00%，病情指数明显降低，防效显著提高，达53.08%~81.56%。稗草病原菌挑战接种后对水稻秧苗无明显副作用。 相似文献
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１９９７年对四川省东南部稻瘟病菌２３０个有效单孢菌测定结果表明，病菌生理小种组成由４群１７个小种组成，以ＺＢ群小种为优势种群，出现频率为７０．２％，不同生态区及不同水稻品种间病菌生理小种组成有明显差异，同一水稻品种叶曾和穗颈瘟生理小种组成也有显著差异，穗颈瘟生理小种组成比叶瘟复杂，致病力比叶瘟强，同一水稻品种不同叶片，不同病穗乃同一叶片不同病斑间都可测出不同生理小种，表明稻瘟病菌的致病性存在复杂的 相似文献
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为探讨镉胁迫下二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)叶片对各无机离子的吸收及离子间的平衡机制,测定0~300μmol·L-1 CdSO4溶液胁迫下二穗短柄草叶片中主要无机离子含量的变化。结果表明,随着镉胁迫程度的加剧,二穗短柄草叶片中出现"吸钠排钾"现象,即Na+和K+含量分别增加和下降;Ca2+、S2-、Cd2+含量逐渐增加,而Mg2+、Si 4+含量逐渐降低。叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b含量在低浓度镉胁迫时虽有升高趋势,但随着处理浓度的逐渐增加而缓慢降低,叶片含水量也随之逐渐下降。说明二穗短柄草幼苗叶片无机离子吸收和平衡、光合色素合成、含水量均不同程度受到镉胁迫的影响,但植株能通过体内不同无机离子含量的变化来缓解镉胁迫危害,从而提高对其的耐受能力。 相似文献
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二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)是一种新兴的模式植物,在病毒-植物的互作研究中具有广阔的应用前景。水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black-streaked dwarf virus,RBSDV)是一种重要的植物病毒,明确该病毒是否能够侵染二穗短柄草,是进行病毒-寄主互作研究的前提。本研究利用传毒介体灰飞虱将RBSDV人工接种于二穗短柄草Bd21,观察RBSDV是否侵染短柄草,以及侵染后的症状发展过程,同时对病毒进行了PCR检测。结果显示,RBSDV可以侵染二穗短柄草;初期症状为节间缩短,随后表现植株矮缩、心叶扭曲、缺刻等症状;PCR检测有明显的目的条带。由此确定二穗短柄草是RBSDV的新寄主,可作为该病毒与寄主互作的研究材料。这为进行RBSDV抗病基因鉴定、基因组学研究以及农作物的抗病育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
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花的发育影响着种子的发育。普通小麦是三大粮食作物之一,但对小麦花序发育的研究滞后于水稻和玉米。为揭示小麦花发育的机理,本研究采用体视镜观察、扫描电子显微镜观察和组织切片后光学显微镜观察等方法,对普通小麦及其近缘物种一粒小麦、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草、粗山羊草、二粒小麦以及二穗短柄草的花序、小穗和小花形态结构进行了系统观察和分析比较。结果表明,普通小麦与二倍体小麦、二粒小麦表现出一定差别:普通小麦每个小穗形成8~10朵小花,但在发育后期,大多数小花退化不育,每个小穗只有3~4朵小花能够形成种子;二倍体小麦和二粒小麦的小穗结构与普通小麦类似,但每个小穗发育形成3~5朵小花,小花数目明显减少。与普通小麦相似,二穗短柄草每个小穗同样分化形成多朵小花,不同的是,二穗短柄草的大多数小花发育正常,是可育的。以上这些研究结果暗示小麦具有巨大的增产潜力。 相似文献
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一、水稻病虫害种类 我县常见的主要病害有纹枯病、稻瘟病、稻曲病、细菌性条斑病、恶苗病、秧苗绵腐病、立枯病和病毒普矮病、黄矮病等。害虫有54种，常见主要害虫有三化螟、稻丛卷叶螟、稻飞虱、稻叶蝉、稻瘿蚊、稻蓟马等。 二、常见主要病虫害发生规律（条件）与防治 (一)病害： 1、稻瘟病：真菌，半知菌纲梨孢菌属。 ①发病条件：菌丝在稻草、稻谷越冬，气温≥15℃，湿度80%以上，即可发病，稻苗感病，“一路青”苗，气温24-28℃，湿度90%以上，寡照，将暴流行。 ②病状：叶瘟：叶片病斑：梭形褐色，灰绿豆圆目，密生灰色霉层，嫩叶… 相似文献
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稻瘟病是水稻生育期间的主要病害之一 ,分布全国各稻作区 ,每年都有不同程度的发生 ,主要危害叶片、茎杆、穗部。因危害时期、部位不同而分为苗瘟、叶瘟、节瘟、穗颈瘟、谷粒瘟。1 危害症状 苗瘟发生在三叶期前 ,由种子带菌所致。病苗基部灰黑 ,上部变褐 ,卷缩而死。叶瘟在整个生育期都能发生 ,由于气候条件和品种抗病性不同 ,病斑分为四种类型 :慢性型病斑 开始在叶上产生暗绿色小斑 ,渐扩大为梭形斑 ,常有延伸的褐色坏死线。病斑中央灰白色 ,边缘褐色 ,外有淡黄色晕圈。叶背有灰色霉层 ,病斑较多时连片形成不规则大斑 ,这种病斑发展… 相似文献
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稻瘟病是水稻主要病害之一。稻瘟病的病原菌属于半知菌类，丛梗孢科梨形孢属。以分生孢子或菌丝体在病谷病草上越冬。菌丝体发有温度范围8～37℃，以26～28℃为最适宜。稻瘟病在水稻整个生育期内都可以发生，危害秧苗、叶片、茎节、穗节，造成苗瘟、叶瘟、穗瘟及节瘟等。尤其是穗颈稻瘟病，对水稻产量和米质影响最大，一般减产10％－20％，重者40％－50％，甚至颗粒无收。营口稻区处于辽河下游，濒临渤海，地势低洼，地下水位高，盐碱较重。年降水量640～750mm，以7、8月份降水最多。由于地理环境的局限，一定程度上制约着水稻的正常生育，… 相似文献
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Jiao-yu WANG Xiao-yan WANG Ling LI Xin ZHANG Yan-li WANG Rong-yao CHAI Guo-chang SUN 《水稻科学》2012,19(3):252-258
Inoculation methods for rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae to Brachypodium distachyon were developed to investigate the infection process and symptom development in comparison with those on rice (Oryza sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare).M.oryzae could infect leaves,sheathes,stems and panicles of B.distachyon and cause blast disease.Spraying conidial suspension on either intact seedlings or leaf segments induced typical symptoms on B.distachyon.During the intact seedling inoculation,the symptom developed on B.distachyon leaves closely resembled that on rice;but the lesions on B.distachyon had better uniformity in shapes and sizes than those on rice or barley.In the leaf segments inoculation,only initial and low-developed lesions could be found on rice,while normal symptoms on B.distachyon and barley.Inoculated with low-virulent mutants of M.oryzae,B.distachyon produced low-level symptoms.The symptom level of each mutant on B.distachyon corresponded well to that on rice.In addition,typical infection processes presented on B.distachyon leaves:forming melanized appressoria,penetrating into host epidermis and then forming hyphae in epidermal cells.According to these results,B.distachyon can be used as a candidate for studying fungus-plant interactions and as a probable source of disease resistance. 相似文献
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【Objective】The purpose of this research is to assay stability, biological activity and efficacy of the extracellular antimicrobial substances produced by Bacillus subtilis JN005 against Magnaporthe oryzae. 【Method】The antimicrobial substances produced by B. subtilis JN005 was tested using different media. The activity of extracellular antimicrobial substances of JN005 strain against M. oryzae and its efficacy on rice leaf blast were measured by dural culture, optical microscope observation, indoor detached-leaf inoculation and live inoculation.【Result】B. subtilis JN005 secreted protease, cellulase, amylase and β-1,3-glucanase and its extracellular antimicrobial substances showed inhibition activity against M. oryzae. The extracellular antimicrobial substances were stable in a wide range of pH values from 2 to 12 and at temperatures from 0℃ to 100℃. The antifungal activity was retained after treatment with proteinase K. The extracellular antimicrobial substance kept its activity even it was irradiated for 12 h under ultraviolet light or exposed to 4℃ for 3 months. The extracellular antimicrobial substances caused distortion of hyphae of M. oryzae, and hindered the germination of conidia. Indoor detached leaves inoculation of Xiangwanxian 12 showed that disease incidence was 34.07% as rice leaves were treated with 100-fold dilution of the extracellular antimicrobial substances, followed by inoculation with conidia suspension of M. oryzae (after 24 h). The control efficacy was close to that of 500 times-diluted 40% isoprothiolane EC. The disease incidence was 38.52% as rice leaves were inoculated with conidia suspension of M. oryzae and treated with 100-fold dilution of the extracellular antimicrobial substances after 24 h, significantly different from 1500 times-diluted 75% tricyclazole WP and 500 times-diluted 40% isoprothiolane EC. The potted plant experiment showed that efficacy was 75.32% as rice was inoculated with conidia suspension of M. oryzae followed by spraying 100-fold dilution of the extracellular antimicrobial substances before 24 h. The efficacy was 71.49% as rice was inoculated with conidia suspension of M. oryzae and followed by spraying of 100-fold dilution of the extracellular antimicrobial substances after 24 h.【Conclusion】The extracellular antimicrobial substances produced by JN005 strain directly inhibited mycelial growth and conidia germination of M. oryzae and it has good environmental stability. The extracellular antimicrobial substances have better preventative efficacy and therapeutic efficacy on rice blast and should be further investigated and developed as such. 相似文献
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利用CRISPR/Cas9系统定向改良水稻稻瘟病抗性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
【目的】CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术是作物遗传改良的有效工具。本研究通过对水稻Pita、Pi21和ERF922稻瘟病相关基因进行定点编辑，以期获得能够稳定遗传的抗稻瘟病水稻材料。【方法】利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术，以Pita、Pi21和ERF922为靶基因，构建共编辑载体pC1300-2×35S::Cas9-gPita-gPi21-gERF922 ，用农杆菌转化长粒粳稻恢复系L1014，筛选获得稳定遗传的纯合突变体用于稻瘟病抗性鉴定。【结果】在T0代转基因株系中，Pita、Pi21和ERF922突变频率分别为75%、85%和65%，突变基因型多为双等位突变。筛选到的不含T-DNA成分的T1代能够稳定遗传给T2代，并从中获得Pi21单突变纯合株系及Pita、Pi21和ERF922的三突变纯合株系。稻瘟病抗性鉴定结果表明，与野生型相比，突变株系的抗性显著提高。同时，接种后纯合突变体株系内水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯等信号转导途径相关基因的表达量均上调。据此，我们推测纯合突变株系对稻瘟病的抗性增强可能与其对稻瘟病菌的响应被激活有关。【结论】利用CRISPR/Cas9技术获得了能够稳定遗传和具有较高稻瘟病抗性的纯合突变株系，为水稻稻瘟病抗性改良提供了良好的材料。 相似文献
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利用CRISPR/Cas9系统定向改良水稻稻瘟病抗性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑技术是作物遗传改良的有效工具。本研究通过对水稻Pita、Pi21和ERF922稻瘟病相关基因进行定点编辑,以期获得能够稳定遗传的抗稻瘟病水稻材料。[方法]利用 CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,以 Pita、Pi21 和 ERF922 为靶基因,构建共编辑载体 pC1300-2×35S::Cas9-g^Pita-g^Pi21-g^ERF922 ,用农杆菌转化长粒粳稻恢复系L1014,筛选获得稳定遗传的纯合突变体用于稻瘟病抗性鉴定。[结果]在T0代转基因株系中,Pita、Pi21和ERF922 突变频率分别为 75%、85%和 65%,突变基因型多为双等位突变。筛选到的不含 T-DNA成分的T1代能够稳定遗传给T2代,并从中获得 Pi21单突变纯合株系及Pita、Pi21和ERF922的三突变纯合株系。稻瘟病抗性鉴定结果表明,与野生型相比,突变株系的抗性显著提高。同时,接种后纯合突变体株系内水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯等信号转导途径相关基因的表达量均上调。据此,我们推测纯合突变株系对稻瘟病的抗性增强可能与其对稻瘟病菌的响应被激活有关。[结论]利用 CRISPR/Cas9 技术获得了能够稳定遗传和具有较高稻瘟病抗性的纯合突变株系,为水稻稻瘟病抗性改良提供了良好的材料。 相似文献
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水稻穗瘟离体接种技术研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
水稻品种叶瘟鉴定,先后已应用了喷雾、注射、钳叶、针刺、涂抹等多种接种方法,鉴定效果良好。但在自然状态下采用注射、喷雾、湿棉球包穗等接种方法鉴定穗瘟,还遇到品种间抽穗期不一致和接种条件难以控制的难题。因此,目前常以诱发叶瘟的抗性来评价品种抗瘟性。叶瘟和穗瘟抗性虽有较高的相关性,但也存在一定的差异,使叶瘟鉴定结果并不能完全反映穗瘟抗生。但品种抗性的评价以穗瘟抗性最为重要,因此,研究穗瘟抗性鉴定的简易技术十分必要。 相似文献
17.
LU Junhua YANG Xuemei CHEN Jinfeng LI Tingting HU Zijin XIE Ying LI Jinlu ZHAO Jiqun PU Mei FENG Hui FAN Jing HUANG Yanyan ZHANG Jiwei WANG Wenming LI Yan 《水稻科学》2021,28(2):156-165
Osa-miR439 is a rice-specific microRNA family. Here we showed that Osa-miR439 acted as anegative regulator in rice immunity against blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Osa-miR439 differentiallyresponded to M. oryzae between susceptible and resistant rice accessions. The accumulation ofOsa-miR439 was constitutively more in the susceptible accession than in the resistant one. Transgeniclines overexpressing Osa-miR439a (OX439a) showed higher susceptibility associating with lower inductionof defense-related genes and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation at the infection sites than thecontrol plants. In contrast, transgenic lines expressing a target mimic of Osa-miR439 (MIM439) displayedcompromised susceptibility associating with increased H2O2 accumulation. Furthermore, we found thatthe expression of three predicted target genes was decreased in OX439a but increased in MIM439 incomparison to control plants, and this expression was differential in susceptible and resistant accessionsupon M. oryzae infection, indicating that Osa-miR439a may regulate rice blast resistance via these genes.Our results unveiled the role of Osa-miR439a in rice blast resistance and provided the potentiality toimprove the blast resistance via miRNA. 相似文献
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《水稻科学》2017,(6)
Pyricularia oryzae anamorph of Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most notorious fungal pathogens causing severe economic loss in rice production worldwide. Various methods, viz. cultural, biological and molecular approaches, are utilized to counteract this pathogen. Moreover, some tolerant or resistant rice varieties have been developed with the help of breeding programmes. Isolation and molecular characterization of different blast resistance genes now open the gate for new possibilities to elucidate the actual allelic variants of these genes via various molecular breeding and transgenic approaches. However, the behavioral pattern of this fungus breakups the resistance barriers in the resistant or tolerant rice varieties. This host-pathogen barrier will be possibly countered in future research by comparative genomics data from available genome sequence data of rice and M. oryzae for durable resistance. Present review emphasized fascinating recent updates, new molecular breeding approaches, transgenic and genomics approaches(i.e. mi RNA and genome editing) for the management of blast disease in rice. The updated information will be helpful for the durable, resistance breeding programme in rice against blast pathogen. 相似文献
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【目的】在转录水平上解析Pi9基因介导的稻瘟病抗性调控机理,为培育抗病水稻品种提供理论依据。【方法】向水稻品种日本晴(NPB)及其转Pi9抗稻瘟病基因株系(NPB/Pi9)接种稻瘟菌。分别于接种后0 h、12 h、24 h、36 h提取叶组织样品,选取12503个水稻基因定制基因芯片,进行水稻基因转录组分析,并通过qRT-PCR对部分差异表达基因进行验证。【结果】NPB/Pi9在接种后12 h、24 h和36 h的基因表达量分别与其接种0 h表达量比较,共检测到7754个差异表达基因;相应地,感病水稻NPB在以上时间点共检测到7385个差异表达基因;在接种后36 h,NPB/Pi9的差异表达基因数目显著多于NPB。比较NPB/Pi9和NPB相同时间点的基因表达量,共获得4065个差异表达基因,其中接种后36 h的差异表达基因显著多于接种后0 h、12 h或24 h。因此,NPB/Pi9的稻瘟病防御反应更强烈。对NPB/Pi9与NPB相同时间点的差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG分析,细胞外区域、植物对刺激应答、转录调控、氧化还原、离子结合、次生代谢和植物激素相关的GO分类在接种后呈显著富集,苯丙氨酸代谢、类黄酮生物合成和植物激素信号途径的KEGG通路在接种后显著富集。与效应分子触发的免疫反应(ETI)相关的水杨酸信号途径、几丁质酶,以及与病原相关分子模式触发的免疫反应(PTI)相关的胞外区域、对刺激的应答、木质素合成等,均在抗感水稻之间差异表达。而且PTI/ETI共有的WRKY转录因子、MAPK激酶、茉莉酸和乙烯信号途径等发生差异表达。综上所述,NPB/Pi9和NPB的差异表达模式与ETI和PTI相关,两者相互联系并在Pi9介导的稻瘟病抗性中发挥作用。【结论】与日本晴比较,抗病基因型NPB/Pi9对稻瘟病防御反应更强烈。转录因子、激酶、NBS-LRR基因、几丁质酶、水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯信号途径,以及植物次生代谢在Pi9介导的稻瘟病抗病反应中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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水稻抗稻瘟病分子机制研究进展 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
稻瘟病是危害世界水稻生产最严重的真菌病害之一。稻瘟病菌生理小种变异快,水稻品种的抗性一般仅能维持3~5年。培育和种植抗性品种是目前最经济有效的措施。近年来,对稻瘟病菌致病机制和抗性基因分子机理的系统研究,加深了对该病原菌-宿主系统中病原相关分子模式诱导的免疫反应机制和病原菌效应蛋白诱导的免疫反应机制的了解。本文综述了水稻抗稻瘟病的两种天然免疫机制研究的最新进展,并对目前水稻抗稻瘟病分子机制研究中急需解决的问题和挑战进行探讨和展望。 相似文献