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1.
Surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation have been used singly or in combination to treat dogs with cutaneous grade-2 mast cell tumors (MCT). However, optimal treatment has not been established. At The Animal Medical Center, 32 dogs with grade 2, stage 0 MCT received cobalt radiation treatment to a dose of 54 Gy; 94% had a disease-free interval of 1 year. The 2–,3–,4–, and 5–year disease-free intervals were 86%. Survival rates were 100% for 1 year and 96% for 2 to 5 years, with only 1 death caused by MCT. Primary site was not a prognostic factor for survival in this study. Minimal toxicity was observed and was limited to acute cutaneous reactions. Late-term reactions to radiation therapy were mild and considered acceptable in all cases. No deaths occurred due to treatment, and no dog was eliminated from the study because of radiation therapy toxicity. Radiation therapy appears to be an effective treatment for dogs with grade 2, stage 0 MCT.  相似文献   

2.
Objective— To evaluate efficacy of hypotonic water as adjuvant therapy after marginal resection of canine mast cell tumors (MCT).
Study Design— Double-blinded, placebo-controlled, prospective, randomized study.
Animals— Dogs (n=30) with spontaneous, cutaneous, solitary MCT.
Methods— The wound bed of MCT, resected with margins <0.5 cm, was injected with either hypotonic or isotonic water according to a standardized protocol. Follow-up was obtained by clinical examination at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months and annual telephone contact with the owner.
Results— Eighteen dogs were treated with isotonic lactated Ringer's solution and 12 dogs with hypotonic distilled water. All MCT were stage 0 tumors and most grade II. Six tumors (4 isotonic, 2 hypotonic) recurred locally, 3 of these dogs died from disease-related reasons within 4 months. The surviving 3 dogs were alive with a median survival time (ST) of 1092 days. The calculated 2-year recurrence-free rate was 92.7%; the 2-year disease-free rate 79.1%; and the 2-year survival rate 89.5%. No significant differences in local recurrence and ST were observed between treatment groups. Histologic grading was the only significant prognosticator for ST and recurrence-free periods.
Conclusion— No significant differences in local recurrence and ST were observed between adjunctive hypotonic water and placebo treatment after marginal resection of solitary MCT.
Clinical Relevance— Hypotonic water does not decrease the rate of local recurrence in dogs with solitary MCT after marginal surgical excision.  相似文献   

3.
This retrospective case series evaluates the outcome of 21 dogs with grade II stage 2 mast cell tumour (MCT) treated with adequate local therapy and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (prednisone, vinblastine and CCNU). The median survival for all dogs was 1359 days (range, 188–2340). Median disease‐free interval was 2120 days (149–2325 days). Dogs treated with surgery and chemotherapy had shorter survival (median, 1103 days; 188–2010 days) than those that underwent surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy as part of their treatment (median, 2056 days; 300–2340 days). Two patients had local recurrence in the radiation field and four patients had de novo MCT. Distant metastasis was not observed in any dogs. The results of this study suggest that, in the presence of loco‐regional lymph node metastasis in grade II MCT, the use of prednisone, vinblastine and CCNU after adequate local‐regional therapy can provide a median survival in excess of 40 months.  相似文献   

4.
To evaluate the efficacy of clinical staging based on computed tomography (CT) imaging over the World Health Organization (WHO) staging system based on radiography for nasal tumors in dogs, a retrospective study was conducted. This study used 112 dogs that had nasal tumors; they had undergone radiography and CT and had been histologically confirmed as having nasal tumors. Among 112 dogs, 85 (75.9%) were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Then they were analyzed for survival time according to each staging system. More than 70% of the patients with adenocarcinoma were classified as having WHO stage III. The patients classified under WHO stage II tended to survive longer than those classified under WHO stage III. Dogs classified under WHO stage III were further grouped into CT stages III and IV, and CT stage III patients had a significantly longer survival time than CT stage IV patients. In addition, patients treated with a combination of surgery and radiation had a significantly longer survival time than the patients who did not receive any treatment in CT stage III. On the other hand, different treatment modalities did not show a significant difference in the survival time of CT stage IV dogs. The results suggest that WHO stage III dogs may have various levels of tumor progression, indicating that the CT staging system may be more accurate than the WHO staging system.  相似文献   

5.
Background: Activation of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with the development of canine mast cell tumors (MCT). Hypothesis/Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of masitinib, a potent and selective inhibitor of KIT, in the treatment of canine MCT. Animals: Two hundred and two client‐owned dogs with nonmetastatic recurrent or nonresectable grade II or III MCT. Methods: Double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled phase III clinical trial. Dogs were administered masitinib (12.5 mg/kg/d PO) or a placebo. Time‐to‐tumor progression (TTP), overall survival, objective response at 6 months, and toxicity were assessed. Resulsts: Masitinib increased overall TTP compared with placebo from 75 to 118 days (P= .038). This effect was more pronounced when masitinib was used as first‐line therapy, with an increase in the median TTP from 75 to 253 days (P= .001) and regardless of whether the tumors expressed mutant (83 versus not reached [P= .009]) or wild‐type KIT (66 versus 253 [P= .008]). Masitinib was generally well tolerated, with mild (grade I) or moderate (grade II) diarrhea or vomiting as the most common adverse events. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Masitinib is safe and effective at delaying tumor progression in dogs presenting with recurrent or nonresectable grade II or III nonmetastatic MCT.  相似文献   

6.
The records of 19 dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumor and regional lymph node metastasis (WHO Stage 2) were reviewed to determine the efficacy of radiation therapy in this population. Dogs with grade I (n = 1), grade II (n = 16), and grade III (n = 2) cutaneous mast cell tumor were included in this study. All dogs were treated with a combination of pre-irradiation surgical cytoreduction of the primary tumor, irradiation of the primary tumor and regional lymph node, and oral prednisone. Total radiation dose to the primary tumor and regional lymph node ranged from 48 to 57 Gray (Gy). The medial iliac and hypogastric lymph nodes were irradiated prophylactically in 11 dogs with primary tumor of the pelvic limb and positive ipsilateral popliteal lymph node. Total radiation dose to these lymph nodes ranged from 48 to 57 Gy. For all radiation fields, dose per fraction was 3 Gy, and therapy was administered on a Monday through Friday schedule. Acute and late radiation side effects observed in this study were considered acceptable. The median disease-free survival was 1,240 days (95% confidence interval 256 to 2,391 days). The disease-free survival in dogs with stage 2 mast cell tumor suggests that the combination of surgery, irradiation, and prednisone for the primary tumor along with irradiation of the positive lymph node is effective.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To determine outcome for dogs with nonresectable thyroid carcinomas treated with sodium iodide I 131 and identify factors associated with outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. Animals-39 dogs. PROCEDURES: A definitive or presumptive diagnosis of thyroid tumor was made on the basis of cytologic or histologic examination, abnormal accumulation of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m during scintigraphy, or both, and dogs were treated with sodium iodide I 131. Dogs with cervical thyroid tumors were evaluated 3 to 6 weeks after 131I therapy, and residual tumor was resected when feasible. RESULTS: Prior to 131I therapy, 32 dogs had a solitary mass and 7 had metastases; 21 were hyperthyroid, 16 were euthyroid, and 2 were hypothyroid. Median survival time for dogs with local or regional tumors (ie, stage II or III) was significantly longer (839 days) than median survival time for dogs with metastasis (366 days). Tumor site (cervical vs ectopic), dose of sodium iodide I 131, age, body weight, treatment (131I therapy alone vs 131I therapy followed by surgery), and serum T4 concentration prior to 131I therapy were not significantly associated with survival time. Three dogs died of radioiodine-associated myelosuppression within 3 months after treatment, but no specific factor associated with development of toxicosis was identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that 131I therapy may result in prolonged survival times in dogs with nonresectable thyroid tumors, regardless of serum thyroxine concentration prior to treatment. Dogs undergoing 131I therapy should be monitored for signs of bone marrow suppression.  相似文献   

8.
The medical records of 61 dogs with MCT at high risk for metastasis that were treated with prednisone and VBL following excision+/-radiation therapy were reviewed, and median disease-free interval (DFI), median overall survival time (OS) and prognostic factors assessed. Adverse effects, mostly mild, were noted in 26% of patients, usually after the first VBL dose. 6.5% experienced severe neutropenia. The DFI was 1305 days, and the OS was not reached, with 65% alive at 3 years. 100% of dogs with "high-risk" grade II MCT were alive at 3 years. The OS for dogs with grade III MCT was 1374 days. Histologic grade, location (mucous membrane vs. skin) and use of prophylactic nodal irradiation predicted outcome. Prednisone and VBL chemotherapy is well tolerated, and results in good outcomes following surgery in dogs with MCT at high risk for metastasis. High-grade and mucocutaneous tumors had a worse outcome, and the use of prophylactic nodal irradiation appeared to improve outcome in this group of dogs.  相似文献   

9.
Dogs with mast cell tumors (MCT) are often affected with paraneoplastic syndromes such as gastrointestinal ulceration. The mechanism of ulceration is believed to be related to hyperhistaminemia. To test this hypothesis, plasma histamine and gastrin concentrations were measured in 17 dogs with MCT. Plasma histamine concentrations in dogs with MCT were significantly higher than those in normal dogs. Conversely, plasma gastrin concentrations in dogs with MCT were significantly lower than gastrin concentrations in normal dogs. Additionally, plasma gastrin concentrations were inversely related to plasma histamine concentrations, which provided indirect evidence for the presence of hyperacidity secondary to hyperhistaminemia (r2 = 57.7). Plasma histamine and plasma gastrin concentrations were not related to clinical stage of disease, tumor histologic grade, or tumor size. Median survival time was 245 days, with a range of 90 to 1315 days. Because the degree of hyperhistaminemia could not be predicted in this study from the clinical stage, histologic grade, or tumor size, these data suggest that hyperhistaminemia may occur in any dog with MCT.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical outcome of dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) in the inguinal or perineal region with outcome for dogs with MCTs in other cutaneous locations. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 37 dogs with MCTs in the inguinal or perineal region and 87 dogs with MCTs in other cutaneous locations. PROCEDURE: Information obtained from the medical records included sex, breed, age, histologic grade of all tumors, number and location of all tumors, tumor size (ie, diameter of the tumor), completeness of surgical excision, treatments administered in addition to surgery, and outcome. In all dogs, the primary treatment consisted of surgical excision. RESULTS: Disease-free interval and survival time for dogs with MCTs in the inguinal or perineal region were not significantly different from values for dogs with MCTs in other cutaneous locations. Dogs with incompletely excised tumors, dogs with grade III tumors, and dogs that received systemic treatment were 2, 2.5, and 4 times as likely, respectively, to have a relapse. Factors significantly associated with a shorter survival time were age > 8 years, metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis, and tumor relapse. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the present study suggest that dogs with MCTs in the inguinal or perineal region do not have a worse prognosis in regard to disease-free interval or survival time than do dogs with MCTs in other cutaneous locations. Treatment recommendations for dogs with cutaneous MCTs should be based on confirmed predictors of biological behavior, such as histologic grade and clinical stage.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE-To assess survival time in dogs that underwent treatment for stage III osteosarcoma and evaluate factors affecting survival. DESIGN-Retrospective case series. ANIMALS-90 dogs with stage III osteosarcoma. PROCEDURES-Records in the osteosarcoma database at the Animal Cancer Center at Colorado State University from 1985 to 2004 were searched for dogs with metastatic disease at the time of evaluation. Dogs were included in the study if they had metastasis to any site and if treatment was initiated. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed, and the influences of age, sex, breed, primary tumor site, metastatic sites, and treatment on outcome were analyzed via log-rank analysis. RESULTS-Median survival time was 76 days, with a range of 0 to 1,583 days. No significant differences in survival times on the basis of age, sex, breed, or primary site were observed. Breeds and primary tumor sites were typical of those usually associated with osteosarcoma in dogs. Dogs treated palliatively with radiation therapy and chemotherapy had a significantly longer survival time (130 days) than dogs in all other treatment groups. Dogs treated with surgery alone had a significantly shorter survival time (3 days) than dogs treated with surgery and chemotherapy (78 days). Dogs with bone metastases had a longer survival time than dogs with soft tissue metastases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Treatment of dogs with stage III osteosarcoma can result in various survival times. Dogs with metastasis to bone and dogs that were treated palliatively with radiation and chemotherapy had the longest survival times.  相似文献   

12.
The efficacy and toxicity of CCNU (1-[2-chloroethyl]3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea) were evaluated in 23 dogs with measurable mast cell tumors (MCT). Twenty-two dogs had cutaneous MCT and 1 dog had an intranasal MCT Nineteen (83%) dogs had biopsy of their original mass performed and 4 (17%) had aspiration cytology of masses. Of the 19 tumors histologically graded, 1 (5%) neoplasm was classified as grade I, 10 (53%) were grade II, and the remaining 8 (42%) were grade III. Dogs were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 90 mg/m2 body surface area every 3 weeks. Response could be evaluated in 19 dogs. Eight of the 19 dogs (42%) had a measurable response to CCNU. One dog had a durable complete response for 440 days. Seven dogs (37%) had a partial response for a median and mean duration of 77 days and 109 days, respectively (range, 21-254 days). Treatment with CCNU resulted in stable disease in 6 dogs (32%) for a median and mean duration of 78 days and 122 days, respectively (range, 42-347 days). The acute dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia 7 days after administration of CCNU. The median and mean neutrophil counts 7 days after CCNU were 1,452 cells/microL and 1,683 cells/microL, respectively (n = 17). Other toxicoses were uncommon. CCNU should be considered an active agent in the treatment of MCT in dogs.  相似文献   

13.
Introduction: The Patnaik grading system for canine cutaneous MCT is currently one of the best determinants of prognosis; however, clinical outcome does not always correlate with histologic grade. The development of molecular markers offers a potential advantage and may complement subjective grading. The primary purpose of this study was to correlate histologic grading to Ki67/PCNA/AgNOR/c‐Kit scores. Methods: Thirty‐eight dogs with cutaneous MCT underwent surgical resection. Tumors were graded, with expansion of grade II MCT to low, medium (or II only) and high. For statistical purposes, MCT grade I, II (low, medium, high) and III were assigned a score of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, respectively. Sections were processed for AgNOR staining and expression of PCNA, Ki67 and c‐Kit as previously described (modified biotin‐strepavidin with DAB substrate). Paraffin‐embedded canine tissue arrays were used as positive and negative controls (primary antibody replaced with pre‐immune sera). Parametric statistical testing was performed using Statview statistical software with P ≤ .05 as significant. Results: There were 12, 20, 5 and 1 grade II low, grade II medium, grade II high and grade III MCT, respectively. The mean Ki67 score was 9.114 (median 8.0, range 1–28), mean PCNA score was 26.25 (median 24.0, range 5–65), mean AgNOR score was 1.499 (median 1.35, range 1.02–2.76) and c‐Kit scores were +1 (9/37), +2 (19/37) and +3 (9/37). With parametric statistical testing, significantly positive correlations were found for Ki67/Grade, PCNA/Grade, AgNOR/Grade, Ki67/PCNA, Ki67/AgNOR and PCNA/AgNOR (all P < .0001). No significant correlation was found for c‐Kit and grade; however, +3 c‐Kit scores had statistically significantly higher grades than +2 c‐Kit scores (P = .0458). Conclusions: Ki67/PCNA/AgNOR scores are positively correlated to grade in dogs with MCT. Further studies to correlate Ki67/PCNA/AgNOR/c‐Kit scores with clinical variables are ongoing.  相似文献   

14.
Safety and efficacy of a protocol of alternating 1‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐3‐cyclohexyl‐1‐nitrosourea (CCNU; 70 mg m?2) and vinblastine (3.5 mg m?2), and prednisone (1–2 mg kg?1; CVP) in dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT) were evaluated. A total of 17 dogs had nonresectable MCTs and 35 received CVP as adjunctive treatment to locoregional control of metastatic MCTs or grade III MCTs. Neutropenia with fever occurred in 8% of dogs after treatment with vinblastine and in 2% after treatment with CCNU. Persistent elevation of serum alanine transaminase, suggestive of hepatotoxicity, occurred in 9% of the dogs. Response rate in dogs with nonresectable MCTs was 65%; five achieved a complete response (median, 141 days) and six achieved a partial response (median, 66 days). Overall median progression‐free survival (PFS) time in dogs treated in the adjuvant setting was 489 days. Dogs with grade III MCTs had shorter PFS compared with dogs with metastatic grade II MCTs (190 days versus 954 days; P < 0.001). Phase III studies are needed to provide reliable information about the comparative efficacy of this protocol.  相似文献   

15.
BACKGROUND: Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly metastatic and often rapidly fatal tumor in dogs. At present, conventional adjuvant chemotherapy provides only a modest survival benefit for treated dogs. Continuous oral administration of low-dose chemotherapy (LDC) has been suggested as an alternative to conventional chemotherapy protocols. Therefore, we evaluated the safety and effectiveness of LDC using a combination of cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and piroxicam as adjuvant therapy for dogs with stage II HSA. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that oral adjuvant therapy with LDC could be safely administered to dogs with HSA and that survival times would be comparable to those attained with conventional doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy. ANIMALS: Nine dogs with stage II splenic HSA were enrolled in the LDC study. Treatment outcomes were also evaluated retrospectively for 24 dogs with stage II splenic HSA treated with DOX chemotherapy. METHODS: Nine dogs with stage II splenic HSA were treated with LDC over a 6-month period. Adverse effects and treatment outcomes were determined. The pharmacokinetics of orally administered etoposide were determined in 3 dogs. Overall survival times and disease-free intervals were compared between the 9 LDC-treated dogs and 24 DOX-treated dogs. RESULTS: Dogs treated with LDC did not develop severe adverse effects, and long-term treatment over 6 months was well-tolerated. Oral administration of etoposide resulted in detectable plasma concentrations that peaked between 30 and 60 minutes after dosing. Both the median overall survival time and the median disease-free interval in dogs treated with LDC were 178 days. By comparison, the overall survival time and disease-free interval in dogs treated with DOX were 133 and 126 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous orally administered LDC may be an effective alternative to conventional high-dose chemotherapy for adjuvant therapy of dogs with HSA.  相似文献   

16.
Background: In the clinical staging of cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCT), the diagnosis of metastasis is controversial based on cytological examination of lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and blood.
Objectives: To define the prognostic role of ultrasound-guided cytology of spleen and liver in cMCT. The results of cytological evaluation were compared in relation with survival time.
Animals: Fifty-two client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of cMCT.
Methods: Selection of cases was based on cytological evaluation of liver and spleen to detect infiltration at distant sites. The Kaplan Meier method was used to compare survival in dogs with and without infiltration of spleen and liver (log-rank test P < .05).
Results: Ten dogs with cMCT had mast cell infiltration of spleen, liver, or both and 4 of these dogs had involvement of the regional lymph nodes. The majority of dogs had 2 or more ultrasonographically abnormal findings simultaneously in spleen and liver. Nine dogs had grade II cMCT, and 1 had grade III cMCT. Dogs with positive evidence of mast cell infiltration to spleen, liver, or both had shorter survival times (34 versus 733 days) compared with dogs negative for mast cell infiltration at distant sites.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Dogs with evidence of mast cell infiltration at distant sites have a shorter survival times than dogs without evidence of infiltration at distant sites. This study suggests that cytology of spleen and liver is indicated either for ultrasonographically normal or for ultrasonographically abnormal spleen and liver in dogs with cMCT.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical features of visceral mast cell tumors (MCT) without associated cutaneous involvement in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 10 dogs with histologically confirmed MCT without associated cutaneous lesions. PROCEDURE: Information on signalment, clinical signs, laboratory examinations, and time from first admission to death was obtained from the medical record of each dog. RESULTS: Purebred male dogs of miniature breeds appeared to have a higher prevalence of visceral MCT. Clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhea. Anemia (n = 7), hypoproteinemia (5), and mastocythemia (5) were detected. Treatments, including glucocorticoids, were not successful. Primary sites of tumors were the gastrointestinal tract (n = 6) and the spleen or liver (1); the primary site was not confirmed in the remaining 3 dogs. In 7 dogs, tumors were categorized as grade II or III, on the basis of histologic findings. The prognoses were poor, and all dogs died within 2 months after first admission. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Visceral MCT is uncommon in dogs, and the prognosis is extremely poor. Biological behavior and drug susceptibility of visceral MCT may be different from cutaneous MCT. The lack of specific clinical signs may result in delay of a definitive diagnosis. The rapid progression of clinical signs and difficulty in diagnosis contributes to a short survival time.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study is to describe the association of cytological assessment of lymph node metastasis with survival and tumour grade in dogs with mast cell tumours. Regional lymph node aspirates of 152 dogs diagnosed with a mast cell tumour were reviewed and classified according to specific cytological criteria for staging. 97 dogs (63.8%) had stage I tumours, and 55 (36.2%) had stage II tumours. Stage II dogs had a significantly shorter survival time than dogs with stage I disease (0.8 and 6.2 years, respectively; P < 0.0001). Dogs with grade III mast cell tumours were more likely to have stage II disease (P = 0.004). These results suggest that cytological evaluation of lymph nodes in dogs with mast cell tumours provides useful and valuable clinical information, and the results correlate with tumour grade and outcome thus providing a practical and non‐invasive method for staging.  相似文献   

19.
Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) in the dog is often locally aggressive with a high metastatic potential and there are few treatment options that have been demonstrated to improve outcome of this disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adjunctive treatment with the Oncept melanoma vaccine affected the outcome of dogs with OMM that had achieved loco‐regional cancer control. Medical records from 45 dogs that presented to the Animal Cancer and Imaging Center were reviewed, including 30 dogs with stage II and III disease. Dogs that received the vaccine did not achieve a greater progression‐free survival, disease‐free interval or median survival time than dogs that did not receive the vaccine.  相似文献   

20.
Megavoltage radiation therapy currently is the standard of care for dogs with nasal tumors. Some studies report that surgery and adjunctive orthovoltage radiation therapy result in longer control of these tumors than does megavoltage radiation therapy alone. This study reports less effective control of nasal tumors in dogs treated with surgery and orthovoltage radiation than previously observed, supporting the superiority of megavoltage radiation therapy for these tumors. In addition, this study suggests 2 new prognostic indicators for dogs with nasal tumors and describes toxicity associated with surgery and orthovoltage therapy. Forty-two dogs with nasal tumors were treated with surgical cytoreduction and 48 Gy orthovoltage radiation therapy administered in twelve 4-Gy fractions. Median survival was 7.4 months. One- and 2-year survival rates were 37% and 17%, respectively. Dogs with facial deformity had shorter survival than those without deformity (P = .005). Dogs with resolution of clinical signs after treatment had longer survival than those with chronic nasal signs (P = .0001). Acute radiation toxicity was moderate to severe for skin and eye and negligible for oral mucosa. Toxicity healed within 1 month after radiation therapy. Late toxicity was mild, but 70% of evaluable dogs experienced persistent ocular signs. Only 39% of dogs achieved a disease-free period.  相似文献   

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