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1.
旅游干扰对河南云台山风景区土壤质量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《水土保持研究》2015,(4)
以河南云台山风景区为研究对象,测定山顶、山腰、山脚在不同旅游干扰强度下的土壤理化性质、土壤养分和重金属含量,探讨旅游干扰对云台山土壤质量的影响。结果表明:土壤含水量、孔隙度、黏粒和土壤养分含量大小均为背景区缓冲区核心区,土壤容重、pH值大小均为核心区缓冲区背景区,随着旅游干扰强度的增大,土壤含水量和养分含量降低,土壤容重增大,孔隙度和黏粒减小;山顶土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量各干扰强度之间差异显著(p0.05),山腰背景区的土壤养分含量与缓冲区差异不显著(p0.05),两者均显著高于核心区(p0.05),山脚背景区的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷含量显著高于缓冲区和核心区,缓冲区与核心区差异不显著(p0.05);山顶土壤全铬、全钴、全锰、全锌含量及山腰土壤全铬、全钴、全铁、全锰、全铜含量大小均为核心区缓冲区背景区,其中核心区显著高于背景区与缓冲区(p0.05);山脚核心区土壤中各重金属含量与缓冲区差异不显著(p0.05),两者均显著高于背景区(p0.05);干扰强度与土壤含水量、孔隙度、黏粒、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量呈显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01)负相关,与土壤容重、pH值、全铬、全钴、全铁、全锰、全锌、全铜含量呈显著或极显著正相关。 相似文献
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分蘖洋葱伴生对番茄矿质养分吸收及灰霉病发生的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
【目的】连作栽培已严重影响国内保护地番茄的产量和品质。番茄-分蘖洋葱伴生栽培能缓解番茄连作障碍,保持土壤健康,有效减少番茄生理性卷叶,显著控制土传病害的发生,提高产量5%10%。探索伴生对分蘖洋葱和番茄生长、矿质养分吸收及番茄灰霉病发生的影响有重要意义。【方法】本研究于2012年在温室内采用盆栽的方法,以分蘖洋葱与番茄伴生的栽培模式为研究对象,试验设番茄单作、分蘖洋葱单作、分蘖洋葱与番茄伴生等3个处理,在伴生30 d后测定生长指标(株高,地上干重和地下干重)和根系活力,同时对所有番茄植株进行发病率和病情指数调查。植株称干重并测定N、P、K和Mn含量。用抖根法取番茄和分蘖洋葱根际土,测定其理化性质和土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性。【结果】1)与单作相比,伴生条件下番茄株高、地上部干重、地下部干重、根系活力显著升高(P0.05),而伴生条件下分蘖洋葱地上部干重、地下部干重、根系活力显著降低(P0.05);番茄根际土壤脱氢酶与多酚氧化酶活性显著升高(P0.05),而分蘖洋葱根际土壤脱氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性显著降低(P0.05),伴生番茄和分蘖洋葱根际土壤间脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性差异不显著。2)与单作相比,伴生条件下番茄根际土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效锰和分蘖洋葱根际的有效磷、有效锰含量显著降低(P0.05),番茄根际土壤中p H、有机质以及分蘖洋葱根际碱解氮、速效钾、p H、有机质无显著变化。3)与单作相比,伴生条件下番茄植株全磷、全锰和分蘖洋葱植株内全氮、全锰均显著升高(P0.05),但番茄植株全氮、全钾含量和分蘖洋葱植株内全磷和全钾含量均无显著变化。4)伴生番茄灰霉病病情指数显著低于单作(P0.05)。番茄灰霉病病情指数与番茄植株全锰含量显著负相关(P0.05),与植株内氮/钾比和氮/锰比极显著正相关(P0.01)。【结论】分蘖洋葱-番茄伴生栽培促进番茄生长但抑制分蘖洋葱生长。与单作相比,伴生的番茄植株内的全磷和全锰含量显著增加(P0.05),且伴生番茄植株内氮/钾和氮/锰比显著降低(P0.01)。分蘖洋葱伴生后显著降低番茄灰霉病的病情指数(P0.05)。综上,分蘖洋葱伴生促进了番茄对磷和锰矿质养分的吸收,提高了番茄抗灰霉病水平并促进了番茄植株的生长。 相似文献
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研究土壤微量元素对绿肥休耕的响应，为大面积区域农田土壤养分管理和农业生产提供参考。基于陇中旱区3年多点位监测数据，选择土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌、有效钼和有效硼等6项指标，对比分析休耕种植绿肥前后土壤微量元素差异。结果表明：(1)与基础土壤相比，休耕3年后土壤有效锰、有效铜和有效锌含量分别显著增加18.8%,22.5%,14.3%(p<0.05);有效铁和有效硼含量均显著降低(p<0.05),有效钼无显著变化。(2)回归分析表明，有效铁、有效锰和有效铜的变化幅度与休耕前微量元素基础含量均呈负线性关系，而有效锌和有效钼均呈负对数关系(p<0.05),且对有效锰、有效铜、有效锌和有效钼的基础含量分别小于8.0,0.9,0.3,0.06 mg/kg的农田土壤有显著提高效果；有效铁、有效锰和有效铜变化幅度与休耕前土壤有机质和全氮基础养分含量之间均呈显著负线性关系(p<0.05);有效铁、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌变化幅度与休耕前土壤pH之间均呈显著正线性关系(p<0.05)。(3)进一步对休耕后土壤微量元素和常量元素相关分析表明，休耕后有效铁、有效锰和有效锌均... 相似文献
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长期施用有机肥对紫色水稻土铁锰铜锌形态的影响 总被引：55，自引：8，他引：47
以长期定位试验为基本材料 ,研究了 9年连续施用有机肥对紫色水稻土铁、锰、铜、锌形态的影响。结果表明 ,有机肥是土壤铁、锰、铜、锌的良好给源。紫色水稻土长期施用有机肥与单施化肥比较 ,土壤中的全铁、全锰变化不大 ,全锌提高了 5.5%～ 30.0% ,交换态铁、碳酸盐结合态铁、有机态铁、无定形结合态铁分别提高了1.5%～12.7%、2.4%～8.9%、11.6%～19.5%、32.5%～72.5%。锰、锌的各形态数量均有不同程度的增加。同时 ,长期施用有机肥增大了土壤铜的消耗 ,全铜含量有下降的趋势。 相似文献
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《农业研究与应用》2021,34(4)
为了探究澳洲坚果桂热1号种植基地土壤养分与果实内含物之间的相关性,为种植基地科学施肥、提高肥料利用效率提供参考依据。采集广西崇左龙州县、南宁横县、梧州岑溪市3个澳洲坚果种植基地土壤与果实样品,测定土壤养分(全磷、全钙、锌、铁和硒)与果实内含物(钾、钙、镁、铁、锌、磷、硒、可溶性糖、蛋白质、脂肪和氨基酸总量)指标,采用相关性分析方法,筛选影响果实品质的主要土壤养分因子。结果发现,龙州基地全磷含量属于高水平(0.86 g/kg),其余基地属于低水平(0.23～0.30 g/kg);3个基地土壤锌含量都达到很高水平(32.2～177 mg/kg);龙州基地铁含量属于中水平(7.67%),其余基地属于低水平(2.92%～3.16%)。龙州和横县基地均属于富硒土壤(0.84～0.86 mg/kg)。不同基地果实钾含量为370～475 mg/100g,钙含量为42.1～57.5mg/100g,镁含量为93.3～106.3 mg/100g,铁含量为14.0～18.7 mg/kg,锌含量为10.9～12.4mg/kg,磷含量为151～206 mg/100g,硒含量为0.09～0.23 mg/kg,可溶性糖含量为2.78～3.08g/100g,蛋白质含量为8.69～9.33 g/100g,脂肪含量为69.6～83.1 g/100g,氨基酸总量为7.98～8.44 g/100g。其中,龙州基地钙、铁、硒、蛋白质、脂肪和氨基酸总量最高,其余的果实品质指标都是横县基地最高,岑溪基地的果实品质指标都是最低或者居中。果实中蛋白质含量与土壤养分中全磷含量呈极显著正相关(r=1.000),与土壤中全钙、锌和铁含量也达到显著正相关(r=0.998-0.999);果实中可溶性糖含量与土壤中硒含量呈极显著负相关(r=-1.000);果实中氨基酸总量与土壤中硒含量相关系数(0.990)较高;果实中脂肪与土壤中全磷、全钙、锌和铁含量相关系数(0.911-0.933不等)也较高。土壤养分与果实矿质元素含量没有显著的相关性,澳洲坚果果实中的可溶性糖和氨基酸总量主要受土壤硒含量的影响,蛋白质和脂肪主要受土壤全磷、全钙、锌、铁的影响。 相似文献
6.
珠江三角洲城郊菜地耕层土壤中Cd、Pb赋存形态及其相互关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取珠江三角洲典型区域城郊菜地41个耕层土壤样品,采用化学形态分级-连续提取法研究了土壤中Cd、Pb赋存形态,通过统计分析,揭示了菜地耕层土壤Cd、Pb形态分布特征及其相互关系。Cd赋存形态平均含量顺序为:铁锰氧化物结合态(32.4%)≥碳酸盐结合态(27.2%)≥交换态(21.0%)>残渣态(10.4%)>有机态(9.0%);Pb则为:残渣态(54.1%)>铁锰氧化物结合态(27.5%)>有机态(11.6%)>碳酸盐结合态(4.6%)>交换态(2.1%)。非残渣态Cd占各形态Cd总和的平均比例(89.6%)明显高于Pb(45.9%)。碳酸盐结合态Cd分别与铁锰氧化物结合态Cd、有机结合态Cd呈极显著正相关和显著正相关(前者r=0.8482,P<0.01;后者r=0.4090,P<0.05),但与残渣态Cd呈极显著负相关(r=-0.5343,P<0.01),铁锰氧化物结合态Cd和有机结合态Cd分别与残渣态Cd呈极显著正相关(前者r=0.6965,p<0.01;后者r=0.5379,P<0.01);铁锰氧化物结合态Pb与残渣态Pb呈极显著正相关(r=0.5217,P<0.01),但有机结合态Pb却与残渣态Pb呈显著负相关(r=-0.3252,P<0.05)。在散点图矩阵的基础上建立了曲线估计的回归方程,用之可预测土壤中交换态Cd、Pb的大致数量及植物有效性。 相似文献
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丁维新 《中国生态农业学报》1994,2(1):49-55
本文用对经和分析方法研究了土壤与泡桐叶中养分含量、相互关系及其在丛枝病发生中的作用。土壤中磷、铜、锌、铁和钾的比值呈极显著的正相关（r=0.918**），表明土壤养分含量的多寡对泡桐丛枝病的发生起着十分重要的作用。土壤低的磷和高的铜含量以及磷钾、磷铜、磷锌、铜锌、铁铜和铁锰等元素间的拮抗作用，使得泡桐树体内钾和铜的含量过高，磷和锰的含量偏低，树体正常生长所需的磷钾、铜锰、铁锰比遭到破坏，引起代谢紊乱，导致泡桐树的抗病能力下降而患上丛枝病。 相似文献
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长期施用有机肥对土壤和糙米 铜、锌、铁、锰和镉积累的影响 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
设施氮、磷、钾肥（NPK）、施氮、磷、钾肥兼稻草还田（NPKS）、施氮、磷、钾肥兼2倍稻草还田（NPKS2）、施氮、磷、钾肥兼施紫云英（NPKG）和施氮、磷、钾肥兼施猪粪5个处理的长期定位试验,探讨了长期施用有机肥对土壤和糙米铜、锌、铁、锰和镉含量的影响。结果表明,土壤全铜、全锌和全镉因秸秆还田或施用紫云英、猪粪有明显提高,尤其是施用猪粪,土壤全铜、全锌和全镉较仅施用氮、磷、钾肥分别增长53.6%、23.6%、406.2%,达到极显著水平; 而全铁和全锰各处理间没有显著差异。长期施用有机肥增加了土壤有效态铜、锌和镉含量,其中施用猪粪土壤有效铜、锌和镉含量增加最为显著,分别比NPK处理增长了335.9%、320.8%、421.4%。长期施用猪粪明显地增加了糙米中镉含量,并超过国家卫生标准。长期施用畜禽粪便类的有机肥对农产品的安全应予以足够的关注。 相似文献
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长期施肥对菜田土壤微量元素有效性的影响 总被引：23，自引：5，他引：23
利用田间试验研究了长期定位施用有机肥和氮、磷、钾化肥对菜田土壤重要微量元素有效性的影响。结果表明,长期施用氮肥会提高土壤有效态铁、锰、锌、铜含量,随着氮肥用量增加,土壤酸化程度加重,土壤中铁、锰、锌、铜有效性亦随之增强。磷、钾化肥能够提高土壤有效铁、锰含量,对土壤锌有效性不会产生明显影响,在一定范围内可以提高土壤有效性铜含量,但效果不明显。长期施用有机肥对土壤微量元素的影响与配施的化肥种类有关。土壤有效铁、锰、铜含量与土壤pH呈极显著负相关,而有效锌含量与pH相关性不明显,而且关系比较复杂。总之,影响微量元素有效性的首要因素是土壤酸碱度。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(14):1778-1790
Soil micronutrients were studied on loess soil with an 18-year long-term experiment. The results indicated that total soil iron and copper contents were similar under all treatments, but total soil manganese and zinc contents were significantly greater at the surface soil in the fertilized plots than in the controls, and total manganese contents were significantly greater in the whole soil profile under manure plus inorganic fertilizers than under controls. Generally, application of inorganic fertilizers had no effects on available soil micronutrient contents. The straw plus inorganic fertilizers significantly increased available manganese content at surface soil and available iron in subsurface soils. However, manure plus inorganic fertilizers significantly augmented soil-available iron contents throughout the profile, and raised available manganese, copper, and zinc contents, respectively, at surface soil relative to controls. The results suggest that long-term input of organic amendments alter the properties of soil and increase its plant-available micronutrient contents. 相似文献
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基于全国282个水稻土监测点,分析土壤有效态中、微量元素含量及区域特征(东北、长三角、长江中游、西南、华南),结合丰缺标准,揭示中、微量元素丰缺程度。结果表明:东北水稻土交换性镁和有效硼含量高于其他地区,有效锌含量最低;长三角有效锰含量最高、有效硫含量最低;长江中游有效铜含量最高,有效态铁、锰和钼含量最低;西南交换性钙含量高于其他地区,有效铜含量则低于其他地区;华南有效态铁、钼含量均高于其他地区,而交换性钙、镁含量低于其他地区。中国水稻土交换性钙、镁及有效铁、锰、铜含量整体丰富;长三角和华南缺硫水稻土比例分别为42.2%和41.8%;东北、长三角、长江中游、西南和华南缺锌水稻土比例分别为75.0%、52.3%、31.9%、53.2%和10.4%,缺硼分别为38.5%、65.2%、92.2%、88.6%和78.3%,缺钼28.6%、60.4%、82.6%、42.0%和33.4%。可见,东北和长三角水稻土以缺锌为主;长江中游以缺硼、钼为主;西南以缺硼为主;华南以缺硼为主。研究可为全国和区域尺度水稻土中微量元素的管理和合理施用提供依据。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9-10):841-861
Abstract The distribution of zinc in some major Zimbabwean soils was studied using 120 profiles taken from 22 different locations. The total zinc status (TL‐Zn) of the horizons of soils studied was low (8 ppm), and the range was narrow (3.7 to 16.3 ppm). The residual zinc (RS‐Zn) fraction was about 65 percent of the total zinc found in the soils, while 15 percent was organically bound zinc (OG‐Zn), 14 percent was available zinc (MG‐Zn), and 6 percent was zinc associated with hydrous metal oxides (OX‐Zn). The total zinc status of the soils was related to parent material. Generally, texture had a significant effect on zinc distribution with heavier textured soils having more zinc in most fractions than the lighter textured soils. A decrease in zinc down the profile was observed for available, residual, and total zinc. If cropped intensively, 32 per cent of the soils with less than 1 ppm available zinc have the potential for zinc deficiency. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that organic matter, silt and clay contents, available copper, and resin P2O5 contents were important for predicting the available zinc content of the soils, while texture and organic matter content were important in predicting total zinc content. 相似文献
15.
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of application of three levels of phosphorus (0, 50 and 100 ppm) and three levels of zinc (0, 5 and 10 ppm) in all possible combinations on yield and tissue concentrations of zinc, copper, iron and manganese by rice at two different growth stages (35 and 90 days after transplantation). The results showed that application of both phosphorus and zinc increased the dry matter yield of shoot and root at both the growth stages. Phosphorus or zinc application was found to influence the concentration of zinc, copper, iron and manganese in shoot and in root but these influences varied with the growth stages of the plant as well as with the level of zinc and phosphorus application. The results further showed that phosphorus or zinc application influenced the absorption of zinc/phosphorus, iron, manganese and copper by rice plants and their translocation from root to shoot. Such effects were found to be more prominent at early growth stage than at late growth stage of the plants. 相似文献
16.
新疆土壤微量元素的含量与分布 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文论述了新疆土壤中Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu全量和有效态含量及其分布.Fe的全量0.3-5.1%(平均值为2.4%),有效态含量0.16-504.00ppm(18.20ppm);Mn的全量59-1550ppm(564ppm),有效态含量0.38-41.60ppm(4.86ppm);zn的全量9-216ppm(75ppm),有效态含量0.08-11.84ppm(1.00ppm);Cu的全量5-145ppm(28ppm),有效态含量0.06-19.20ppm(1.22ppm). 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):2745-2759
Abstract Studies were conducted to investigate phosphorus (P)‐sorption characteristics of some intensely weathered soils in south‐central Kentucky. Phosphorus adsorption characteristics reflected the chemical and mineralogical properties of the soils studied. All adsorption data were adequately described by first order kinetic reactions which implied that the soils have uniform surfaces for P sorption. In spite of the limitations of the Langmuir equation, its usefulness in summarizing data into one adsorption maximum value was demonstrated by nearly identical adsorption maxima estimated by three linear transformations of the equation and small deviations from the observed maxima. Variations in adsorption maxima between surface and subsoils and among soils were best correlated with extractable aluminum (Al) (r = 0.93, p<0.01) and crystalline iron (Fe) oxy‐hydroxides (r = 0.97, p<0.01). Clay content was also highly correlated with P sorption (r = 0.97, p <0.01) as well as with extractable Al (r = 0.83, p<0.05) and crystalline Fe oxides (r = 0.92, p<0.01) suggesting that its contribution may have been through its association with these soil components. In contrast, organic matter had a negative association with P sorption (r = ‐0.83, p<0.05). The results indicate higher P sorption in subsoil than in surface horizons, controlled mainly by extractable Al and crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides. 相似文献
18.
N. V. Gopp T. V. Nechaeva O. A. Savenkov N. V. Smirnova V. V. Smirnov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2017,50(11):1332-1343
The informativeness of NDVI for predictive mapping of the physical and chemical properties of plow horizons of soils on different slope positions within the first (280–310 m a.s.l.) and second (240–280 m a.s.l.) altitudinal steps has been examined. This index is uninformative for mapping soil properties in small hollows, whose factual width is less than the Landsat image resolution (30 m). In regression models, NDVI index explains 52% of variance in the content of humus; 35 and 24% of variance in the contents of total and nitrate nitrogen; 19 and 29% of variance in the contents of total and available phosphorus; 25 and 50% of variance in the contents of exchangeable calcium and manganese; and 30 and 29% of variance in the contents of fine silt and soil water, respectively. On the basis of the models obtained, prognostic maps of the soil properties have been developed. Spatial distribution patterns of NDVI calculated from Landsat 8 images (30-m resolution) serve as the cartographic base and the main indicator of the soil properties. The NDVI values and the contents of humus, physical clay (<0.01 mm) and fine silt particles, total and nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium and manganese in the soils of the first altitudinal step are higher than those in the soils of the second altitudinal step. An opposite tendency has been found for the available phosphorus content: in the soils of the second altitudinal step and the hollow, its content is higher than that in the soils of the first altitudinal step by 1.8 and 2.4 times, respectively. Differences in the pH of soil water suspensions, easily available phosphorus, and clay in the soils of the compared topographic positions (first and second altitudinal steps and the hollow) are statistically unreliable. 相似文献
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):777-785
Abstract The analysis of extractable trace elements was carried out on 434 soils using 0.1 N HC1 as the extractant for copper, manganese, iron, zinc and cobalt, 0.2 M ammonium oxalate at pH 3.0 for molybdenum and boiling water for boron. Results indicated that on the average from about 1 to 20 percent of the total element content of the soil uas extractable, the percentage varying with the element. Comparing the amount of extractable elements in the 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm layers indicated that only manganese, zinc and boron were significantly different. Correlation studies showed that the pH significantly influenced the quantity of manganese, iron, zinc and boron extracted, while organic matter influenced copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt and boron and clay content the copper, manganese, iron, zinc, cobalt and boron. 相似文献
20.
Heinz Neite 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1989,152(5):441-445
Influence of pH and organic carbon content on the solubility of iron, lead, manganese and zinc in forest soils Several soil factors determine the solubility of heavy metals in soils. The contents of exchangeable and in consequence potentially plant available heavy metals are mainly influenced by the pH and the content of organic carbon. Samples of the Ah-horizon from the stemflow area and from soil not influenced by stemflow water were investigated in beech forests. The solubility or iron, lead, manganese and zinc is described in relation to the pH and the content of organic carbon. Exchangeable iron and lead appear in significant amounts at pH below 3.5 and 4.5, respectively, regardless to the content of organic carbon. Manganese and zinc are exchangeable at pH below 5.0 and are leached for about 90% from the Ah-horizon at pH values below 3.0. The effects of higher soluble iron and lead contents on the distribution of herbaceous plants are discussed. 相似文献