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Phosphite ( ; Phi), a reduced form of phosphate ( ; Pi), is widely marketed as either a fungicide or fertilizer or sometimes as a biostimulant. This is confusing for both distributors and growers. The present paper explores data from various studies to clarify that Phi does not provide plant P nutrition and thus cannot complement or substitute Pi at any rate. In addition, Phi itself does not have any beneficial effect on the growth of healthy plants, regardless of whether it is applied alone or in combination with Pi at different ratios or different rates. The effect of Phi on plants is not consistent, but is strongly dependent on the Pi status of the plants. In most cases, the deleterious effect of Phi is evident in Pi-starved, but not Pi-sufficient, plants. Plants fertilized with Pi allowing for approximately 80–90% of its maximum growth might still be at risk of the effect. This negative effect becomes more pronounced under more seriously Pi-deficient conditions. Although a number of studies have shown positive crop responses to Phi, these responses are likely to be attributable to the suppression of plant diseases by Phi and/or to Pi formed from oxidation of Phi by microbes. In addition, indirectly providing P by Phi-to-Pi oxidation is not an effective means of supplying P to plants compared with Pi fertilizer. An understanding of these issues will aid the right selection of fertilizer as well as minimize the harmful effects of Phi use on crops. 相似文献
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《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):228-234
Abstract Phosphite (; Phi), a reduced form of phosphate (; Pi), is widely marketed as either a fungicide or fertilizer or sometimes as a biostimulant. This is confusing for both distributors and growers. The present paper explores data from various studies to clarify that Phi does not provide plant P nutrition and thus cannot complement or substitute Pi at any rate. In addition, Phi itself does not have any beneficial effect on the growth of healthy plants, regardless of whether it is applied alone or in combination with Pi at different ratios or different rates. The effect of Phi on plants is not consistent, but is strongly dependent on the Pi status of the plants. In most cases, the deleterious effect of Phi is evident in Pi-starved, but not Pi-sufficient, plants. Plants fertilized with Pi allowing for approximately 80–90% of its maximum growth might still be at risk of the effect. This negative effect becomes more pronounced under more seriously Pi-deficient conditions. Although a number of studies have shown positive crop responses to Phi, these responses are likely to be attributable to the suppression of plant diseases by Phi and/or to Pi formed from oxidation of Phi by microbes. In addition, indirectly providing P by Phi-to-Pi oxidation is not an effective means of supplying P to plants compared with Pi fertilizer. An understanding of these issues will aid the right selection of fertilizer as well as minimize the harmful effects of Phi use on crops. 相似文献
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Park HG Cho HT Song MC Kim SB Kwon EG Choi NJ Kim YJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(12):3204-3210
This study was performed to characterize natural CLnA isomer production by Bifidobacterium breve LMC520 of human origin in comparison to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production. B. breve LMC520 was found to be highly active in terms of CLnA production, of which the major portion was identified as cis-9,trans-11,cis-15 CLnA isomer by GC-MS and NMR analysis. B. breve LMC520 was incubated for 48 h using MRS medium (containing 0.05% L-cysteine · HCl) under different environmental conditions such as atmosphere, pH, and substrate concentration. The high conversion rate of α-linolenic acid (α-LNA) to CLnA (99%) was retained up to 2 mM α-LNA, and the production was proportionally increased nearly 7-fold with 8 mM by the 6 h of incubation under anaerobic conditions at a wide range of pH values (between 5 and 9). When α-LNA was compared with linoleic acid (LA) as a substrate for isomerization by B. breve LMC520, the conversion of α-LNA was higher than that of LA. These results demonstrated that specific CLnA isomer could be produced through active bacterial conversion at an optimized condition. Because many conjugated octadecatrienoic acids in nature are shown to play many positive roles, the noble isomer found in this study has potential as a functional source. 相似文献
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Negligible contribution from roots to soil-borne phospholipid fatty acid fungal biomarkers 18:2ω6,9 and 18:1ω9 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers 18:1ω9, 18:2ω6,9 and 18:3ω3,6,9 are commonly used as fungal biomarkers in soils. They have, however, also been found to occur in plant tissues, such as roots. Thus, the use of these PLFAs as fungal biomarkers in sieved soil, which may still contain small remains of roots, has been questioned. We used data from a recent beech tree girdling experiment to calculate the contribution of roots to these biomarkers and were able to demonstrate that not more than 0.61% of 18:1ω9 and 18:2ω6,9 in sieved soil samples originated from roots (but 4% of 18:3ω3,6,9). Additionally, the abundance of the biomarker 18:2ω6,9 in the soil was found to be highly correlated to ectomycorrhizal root colonization, which further corroborates its fungal origin. PLFA biomarkers were substantially reduced in vital roots from girdled trees compared to roots of control trees (by up to 76%), indicating that the major part of PLFAs measured in roots may actually originate from ectomycorrhizal fungi growing inside the roots. We calculated, that even a near to 50% reduction in fine root biomass - as observed in the girdling treatment - accounted for only 0.8% of the measured decrease of 18:2ω6,9. Our results demonstrate that both 18:1ω9 and 18:2ω6,9 are suitable biomarkers for detecting fungal dynamics in soils and that especially 18:2ω6,9 is a reliable biomarker to study mycorrhizal dynamics in beech forests. 相似文献
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鸡白细胞介素-18(ChIL-18)重组蛋白的生物学活性检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对含有鸡白细胞介素-18(ChIL-18)基因的质粒在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)内进行诱导表达,经亲和层析法对表达产物进行纯化,用微量细胞病变抑制法CEF-VSV系统,检测其对SPF鸡脾淋巴细胞诱导产生γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)的活性和其对病毒的抑制效果;用3H-TdR掺入法和MTT法分别检测其对T淋巴细胞诱导转化和NK细胞杀伤活性的作用。结果表明,经诱导表达出分子量44kD的目的蛋白(与GST融合表达),纯化后得到去除菌体蛋白的高纯度目的蛋白;该蛋白能够诱导脾细胞产生IFN-γ,当浓度为250ng/mL时诱导IFN-γ的活性最高,可达1×106U/mL;但该蛋白不能直接抑制水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)上生长;能够刺激淋巴细胞显著增殖,浓度为250ng/mL时效果最佳;适当浓度的rChIL-18蛋白能促进NK细胞的杀伤活性,浓度为150ng/mL时,作用最强。利用原核表达的重组鸡白细胞介素-18蛋白与天然鸡IL-18蛋白一样具有较广泛的生物学活性。 相似文献
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Effect of 2(N‐morpholino)ethane)sulfonic acid (MES) on the growth and tissue composition of cucumber
The effect of 2(N‐morpholino)ethane)sulfonic acid (MES) on the growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativa L. var. Marketer) in hydroponic culture was determined at 0, 1, 5, and 10 mM concentrations. The effect of adding the MES to the solution at the time of transfer to hydroponic culture or waiting one week was also determined. MES was observed to strongly affect plant growth with increasing concentration in nutrient solution. Tissue and nutrient solution analysis determined that MES affects manganese (Mn) uptake. MES appears to be reduced by Mn, precipitating the Mn out of solution. The suitability of MES as a pH buffer in hydroponic culture is discussed in terms of this effect. 相似文献
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Robert E. Wilkinson 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2185-2188
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv (9733) seedling (10 day) root length was decreased 60% when plants were watered with 0.01M sodium acetate (NaAc) pH 4.5 in comparison to plants exposed to the same NaAc concen‐ tration at pH 6.0. 3‐indoleacetic acid (IAA) (10‐10 and 10‐9M) (incorporated into the sand potting medium) reversed the excess hydrogen ions (H+) influence. 相似文献
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), playing a crucial role in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, is well-known to catalyze the conversion of the decapeptide angiotensin I into the physiologically active octapeptide angiotensin II, triggering blood pressure increasing mechanisms. To meet the demand for natural phytochemicals as antihypertensive agents in functional food development, extracts prepared from a series of vegetables were screened for their ACE-inhibitory activity by means of a LC-MS/MS-based in vitro assay. By far the highest ACE inhibition was found for a lettuce extract, in which the most active compound was located by means of activity-guided fractionation. LC-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and hydrolysis experiments followed by ion chromatography led to the unequivocal identification of the ACE inhibitor as the previously not reported (S)-malic acid 1'-O-β-gentiobioside. This glycoside represents a novel class of ACE-inhibiting phytochemicals with a low IC(50) value of 27.8 μM. First incubation experiments in saliva and aqueous hydrochloric acid demonstrated the stability of (S)-malic acid 1'-O-β-gentiobioside against salivary glycosidases and stomach acid. 相似文献
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In order to improve the bias of using the Web of Science databases for bibliometric studies, the “front page” has been proposed by Ho’s group in 2012. Using the “front page” as the filter resulted in a huge difference compared to the method from the original paper of Mao et al. Furthermore, a cited reference plays an important role in a published paper. Readers are interested in the paper’s statements and might find useful information from the following researches. The reference section is an important part in a paper; however, it was easily ignored by the authors. This comment also offered information for citing the original idea of publication indicators used for the comparison of countries’ and institutions’ publication performances.
相似文献13.
跨膜蛋白18基因(Transmembrane protein 18,TMEM18)在神经系统表达.全基因组关联分析(GWAS)表明,该基因的突变会影响人类肥胖和Body Mass Index(BMI)值变化.本研究采用DNA池测序技术检测了郏县红牛(Bos taurus) TMEM18基因5个外显子和部分内含子区单核苷酸多态(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点,通过PCR-RFLP技术对所发现的SNP位点进行分型验证,然后分析不同基因型与郏县红牛生长性状的关联性.结果表明,在郏县红牛TMEM18基因上共发现了3处新的SNPs:NW_003099175.1∶g.2303G＞A、g.3835 G＞A和g.3865 A＞G(aa.Gly＞Ser).关联分析结果表明,郏县红牛TMEM18基因g.2303G＞A位点AA型个体体高、体长、胸围和体重显著大于GG型(P＜0.05),郏县红牛TMEM18基因g.3835 G＞A位点AG型个体胸围和体重显著大于AA型(P＜0.05).研究结果提示,这两个位点可作为郏县红牛品种体尺和体重生长性状选择的分子育种候选标记. 相似文献
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Jordheim M Enerstvedt KH Andersen OM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):7436-7440
Anthocyanins from blackberries are natural dietary pigments. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of anthocyanins in fruits of wild Norwegian blackberries and three blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus L.) cultivars and to report the complete identification of cyanidin 3-O-β-(6″-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)glucopyranoside), 5. This new pigment is most probably the same pigment that has previously been reported to occur in various blackberry samples as cyanidin 3-dioxalylglucoside. All of the examined blackberry samples contained in similar relative proportions the 3-glucoside (1), 3-rutinoside (2), 3-xyloside (3), and 3-O-β-(6″-malonylglucoside) (4) of cyanidin and 5. The absolute amounts of 1-5 in the wild Norwegian blackberries were 249, 18, 10, 24, and 22 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g of fresh weight, respectively. 相似文献
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All buffering agents used to stabilize pH in hydroponic research have disadvantages. Inorganic buffers are absorbed and may become phytotoxic. Solid carbonate salts temporarily mitigate decreasing pH but provide almost no protection against increasing pH, and they alter nutrient absorption. Exchange resins are more effective, but we find that they remove magnesium and manganese from solution. We have tested 2(N‐Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) as a buffering agent at concentrations of 1 and 10 mol m‐3 (1 and 10 mM) with beans, corn, lettuce, tomatoes, and wheat. MES appears to be biologically inert and does not interact significantly with other solution ions. Relative growth rates among controls and MES treatments were nearly identical for each species during the trial period. The pH was stabilized by 1 mol m‐3 MES. This buffer warrants further consideration in nutrient research. 相似文献
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Acid soils are widespread and limit global plant production. Aluminum(Al)/manganese(Mn) toxicity and phosphorus(P) deficiency are the major limiting factors affecting plant growth and productivity on acid soils. Plants, however, have evolved various strategies to adapt to these stresses. These strategies include using both external and internal mechanisms to adapt to Al toxicity, regulating Mn uptake, translocation, and distribution to avoid Mn toxicity, and orchestrating a set of P transport me... 相似文献
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水稻对~(14)CO_3~(2-)的吸收和积累动态 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
用同位素示踪技术研究水稻对14CO32-的吸收和积累动态,及其在水稻田中的行为特性。结果表明:通过水稻根系和浸于水中的茎杆下部吸收的14CO32-离子会向上部组织输送并形成积累趋势;在上部组织中,叶和茎杆上部的14C比活度随时间呈逐渐上升的趋势,而穗中的比活度于14d达最大值(271.9Bq/g)后又呈下降趋势;茎杆下部由于直接浸于水中,表现出对14CO32-离子的快速吸收、吸附,此后随时间呈下降趋势,根部表现出上升过程迟后于茎杆下部,其14C比活度也低于茎杆下部。上部组织(穗、叶和茎杆上部)中14C的百分含量随时间上升,而下部组织(茎杆下部和根)则相反,至试验后期(21~35d),其百分含量基本持平(约各占50%),14C从下部组织向上部组织输送的特征非常明显。 相似文献