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1.
本文在“海岸林风害危险率评价的理论推导”(Journal of Forestry Research, 2002, 13(4))一文的基础上,对1997年12月经四种间伐处理的黑松海岸林进行了连续四个生长季的风害调查,同时,对黑松海岸林内与林外风速廓线和林分透光分层疏透度的分布也分别进行了观测。应用在这些观测数据,依据“海岸林风害危险率评价的理论推导”文中获得的风害危险率评价方法,对单株树木及林分的风害风险率进行了评估,结果表明,单独依据平均直径与结合风速廓线和林分结构的风害风险率,构成了评价海岸森林风害的重要指标。不同间伐强度和风害发生率之间的关系表明,在间伐初期林分的稳定性有所下降,这可能是由于林冠粗糙度和风负载的增加及周围树木的保护效应的减少而引起的。然而,经过一段时间后,间伐处理能够促进林分生长,从而提高了林分的稳定性和对强风的抵抗力。在本试验观察过程中只发现了强风对林冠的损害,而即使是在间伐海岸林外风速达到30.2 m·s-1的条件下,也没有发现风倒或风折。本次研究中获得的结果表明,尽管在间伐之初风害的概率增加了,但是,间伐作为一种最为有效的林分管理方法,可以成为保持海岸林健康、稳定的一种长期经营管理策略。图3表4参19。 相似文献
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华北落叶松不同类型林木的冠结构与光的分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
依据塞罕坝华北落叶松放叶期和生长季７个晴天完整的野外分层实测资料，研究了光在林分优势木、平均木和被压木单株树冠中的衰减和吸收过程，比较了林分中不同类型林木的冠结构与光分布规律的关系。研究发现，光在不同类型林木单株树冠中的传递均呈负指数衰减过程，累积吸收率则呈幂函数递增。并就不同冠层对光吸收的贡献与树冠结构动态分析及抚育间伐修枝方面的关系进行了讨论。 相似文献
3.
桉树大径材培育是实现当前桉树产业可持续发展的有效途径。林分密度直接影响林木胸径生长,间伐是调整林分密度最为常用的手段。本试验以6 a生不同种植密度桉树优良无性系试验林为研究对象,探讨了进行不同强度的一次性间伐后,12 a生林分生长、径级分布、大径材生长及木材收益的变化。研究结果表明：不同种植密度与间伐强度试验林,林分胸径、树高、枝下高、冠幅、单株材积及林分蓄积量差异显著。其中,以1 100株·hm-2种植密度+30%～50%间伐强度处理,林分胸径、树高、枝下高、冠幅、单株材积生长量最大,以1 100～1 650株·hm-2种植密度未间伐时林分蓄积量最大;径级分布受种植密度与间伐强度影响显著,大径级(≥28 cm)林木数量占比以低种植密度(1 100株·hm-2)+30%～50%强度间伐时较大,为82%～92%;间伐后林分保留株数与大径材蓄积量无关(R2=0.31),与林分中大径材蓄积量占比、大径材单株出材量、大径材出材率呈明显的负相关线性关系(R2=0.77～0.85);不同种... 相似文献
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抚育间伐对秦岭南坡油松中龄林生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(1)
在陕西省宁陕县境内的平河梁自然保护区内油松典型分布地段,按不同立地条件、不同抚育间伐强度设置油松中龄林研究样地48块,对不同抚育间伐强度处理的单株木和林分平均胸径的生长以及林分生产力的变化进行测定。研究结果表明:在不同立地条件下抚育间伐后林木胸径生长量均随径级的增大而增加,较小的林木在间伐强度为25%的林分中胸径生长量最大,较大的林木在间伐强度为15%的林分中胸径生长量最大;在不同立地条件下抚育间伐均能在一定程度上提高林分平均胸径的生长量,间伐强度为15%的林分平均胸径生长量均最高;间伐强度为15%在不同立地条件下均能显著提高乔木层的生产力,间伐强度为25%能够显著提高高海拔阳坡乔木层生产力,间伐强度为5%能显著提高低海拔阳坡和阴坡乔木层生产力;不同立地条件下抚育间伐对乔木层生产力的促进作用存在差异,但在抚育间伐后3 a的较短时期内这些差异并不显著;在不同的立地条件下均以强度为15%的间伐对秦岭南坡油松中龄林的生长最为有利,在适宜的强度范围内,高海拔阳坡可采取较大的间伐强度,而低海拔阴坡则应该采取较小的间伐强度。 相似文献
7.
[目的]以河南登封林场栓皮栎人工林为研究对象,研究抚育间伐对林分不同生长阶段林木株数、林木直径分布和树高分布的影响,为制定科学合理的抚育经营措施奠定理论和技术基础.[方法]在株数强度为31.55％的间伐林分和条件基本一致的未间伐林分内,分别设置1个1 hm2样地,间伐作业2 a后获取每木检尺数据,分别利用Normal分... 相似文献
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8年生火炬松试验林不同间伐强度分析表明：不同间伐强度的处理对胸径和单株蓄积量均存在显著影响,抚育间伐改善了林分内的通风透光条件,扩大了保留木的营养空间,增加了林分的稳定性,从而促进了保留木的生长和林分的丰产。但不同间伐强度对树高生长和单位面积蓄积量无显著作用,且强度过大的间伐导致单位蓄积量有减少的趋势。在火炬松人工林生产中．应根据培育目标而选择不同的间伐强度．以实现效益最大化。 相似文献
10.
不同密度管理措施对杉木林分的生长、生态效应的研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
通过定位观测，对不同密度杉木林的树高、胸径与材积生长规律、林分结构、林木分化和材质的差异；并对不同方式间伐后林分的生长变化，以及不同间伐强度对林地土壤肥力、林下植被种类和数量的影响及其经济效果进行了研究。结果表明：林分密度和间伐强度对杉木树高生长无显著影响，而胸径和单株材积则随着林木株数的增加而减小；林下植被种类、数量和土壤肥力均随着间伐强度的加大而有所增加；中度间伐强度的生长、生态和经济等综合效果最佳。 相似文献
11.
Based on paper of “Theoretical derivation of risk-ratios for assessing wind damage in coastal forest“,wind damage in the pine coasteal forest,which was thinned at four levels in December of 1997,was investigated for four successive growing seasons.Besides wind damage,the wind profiles outside and inside the coastal forest stand and the distributions of optical stratification porosity (OSP) were also observed.Based on these data,risk-ratios of wind damage for both individual trees and stands were estimated according to the methods developed in “Theoretical derivation of risk-ratios for assessing wind damage in a coastal forest“.The results showed that risk-ratios of wind damage,which were calculated from the meen height and diameter only and from the combination of wind and stand sructure profiles,accurately predicted wind damage in the plantation.Relationships between different thinning ratios and incidence of wind damage showed that stand stability decreased soon after the thinning.This was due to the immediate effects of thinning on increasing the canopy roughness and wind load,and on decreasing the sheltering effects from surrounding trees.However,thinning strategies could improve the stability by long-term effects on growthand development of trees against extreme wind.Only canopy damage was recorded during the experimental period,no stem damage was found,even though the maximum 10-min wind speed outside the coastal forest attained 30.2m s^-1.The results obtained in this study indicate that thinning is the most effective silvicultural strategy available for managing coastal forest despite the increased probability of wind damage soon after thinning. 相似文献
12.
ZHU Jiao-jun KANG Hong-zhang TAN Hui XU Mei-ling WANG Jun 《林业研究》2005,16(4):253-259
Natural regeneration in Mongolian pine, Pinus sylvesttis var. mongolica, forest at Honghuaerji of China （the original of the natural Mongolian pine, forest on sandy land） was studied in 2004. The total mean values of regeneration indexes were higher in mature stands （more than 80% individual stems were older than 50 years）, the maximum of regeneration index reached 29 seedlings, m^ 2, with lowest values in the younger stand, e.g., in 32-year old and 43-year old stands. The stand age was an important factor determining the natural regeneration, which was the best in the older stands in this investigation （e.g. about 80-year old）. The regeneration index seemed not to be closely in relation to canopy openness although Mongolian pine is a photophilic tree species. In each type of gaps, natural regeneration was very well. Regeneration indexes were satisfactory at the south and east edges in the circle gaps; and at the east edge of the narrow-square gaps. Results indicated that Mongolian pine, seedlings could endure shading understory, but it would not enter the canopy layer without gap or large disturbance, e.g., fire, wind/snow damage or clear cutting etc. These results may provide potentially references to the management and afforestation of Mongolian pine, plantations on sandy land in arid and semi-arid areas. Researches such as the comprehensive comparisons on regeneration, structure and ecological conditions and so on between natural Mongolian pine, forests and plantations should be conducted in the future. 相似文献
13.
农田防护林主要间距离的确定——基于林带结构与风速降低的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Relative windspeed reduction was measured behind nine relatively narrow, homogenous tree windbreaks with porosities between
0.13–0.33, and behind 28 combinations of model stubble barriers representing 25 different optical porosities (0.00–0.80).
The optimum porosities observed were 0.25 and 0.13 for tree windbreaks and stubble barriers respectively. Based on the relationship
between windbreak structure (optical porosity) and wind reduction, the chief indices for determining spacing interval, i.e.,
the windbreak structure index (δ) and the parameter of microclimate, represented by the problem wind (L
rp
), were determined. Additionally, investigations on shelterbelt trees were carried out, and stem-analysis techniques were
used, to develop a method for determining the mature height of tree windbreaks (H
0). Optimal spacing intervals between windbreaks could be predicted from the indices of a given windbreak structure, percentage
of reduction of windspeed desired and tree growth model. A hypothetical example for determining the spacing interval of principal
poplar windbreaks is given at the end of this paper. The results can be applied not only to tree windbreak design but also
to other plant materials and artificial barriers for wind protection.
Foundation item: This study was supported by Innovation Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Biography: ZHU Jiao-jun (1965-), male, Ph. Doctor, PhD advisor. Professor of Institute of Applied Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
China, Scholar researcher of Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Japan.
Responsible editor: Song Funan 相似文献
14.
Vertical variation and storage of nitrogen in an aquic brown soil under different land uses 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The vertical variation and storage of nitrogen in the depth of 0–150 cm of an aquic brown soil were studied under 14 years
of four land use patterns, i.e., paddy field, maize field, fallow field and woodland in Shenyang Experimental Station of Ecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences in November of 2003. The results showed that different land uses had different profile distributions
of soil total nitrogen (STN), alkali N, ammonium (NH4
+-N) and nitrate (NO3
−-N). The sequence of STN storage was woodland>maize field>fallow field>paddy field, while that of NO3
−-N content was maize field>paddy field>woodland>fallow field, suggesting the different root biomass and biological N cycling
under various land uses. The STN storage in the depth of 0–100 cm of woodland averaged to 11.41 t·hm−1, being 1.65 and 1.25 times as much as that in paddy and maize fields, respectively, while there was no significant difference
between maize and fallow fields. The comparatively higher amount NO3
−-N in maize and paddy fields may be due to nitrogen fertilization and anthropogenic disturbance. Soil alkali N was significantly
related with STN, and the correlation could be expressed by a linear regression model under each land use (R
2≥0.929,p<0.001). Such a correlation was slightly closer in nature (woodland and fallow field) than in agro ecosystems (paddy and maize
fields). Heavy N fertilization induced an excess of crop need, and led to a comparatively higher amount of soil NO3
−-N in cultivated fields than in fallow field and woodland. It is suggested that agroforestry practices have the potential
to make a significant contribution to both crop production and environment protection.
Foundation item: The project was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-413-9) and Fund of Shenyang
Experimental Station of Ecology, CAS (STZ0204)
Biography: ZHANG Yu-ge, (1968-), female, Ph.D. candidate, associate research fellow in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China.
Responsible editor: Song Funan 相似文献
15.
Two-year-old seedlings ofPinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestriformis andFraxinus mandshurica were treated in open-top chambers with elevated CO2 concentrations (700 μL·L−1, 500 μL·L−1) and ambient CO2 concentrations (350 μL·L−1) in Changbai Mountain from June to Sept. in 1999 and 2001. The net photosynthetic rate, dark respiration rate, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
carboxlase (RuBPcase) activity, and chlorophyll content were analyzed. The results indicated the RuBPcase activity of the
three species seedlings increased at elevated CO2 concentrations. The elevated CO2 concentrations stimulated the net photosynthetic rates of three tree species exceptP. sylvestriformis grown under 500 μL·L−1 CO2 concentration. The dark respiration rates ofP. koraiensis andP. sylvestriformis increased under concentration of 700 μL·L−1 CO2, out that ofF. mandshurica decreased under both concentrations 700 μL·L−1 and 500 μL·L−1 CO2. The seedlings ofF. mandshurica decreased in chlorophyll contents at elevated CO2 concentrations.
Foundation item: This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30070158). Knowledge Innovation Item of
Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-406) and “Hundred Scientists” Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Biography: Zhou Yu-mei (1973-) Ph. Doctor, Assistant Research fellow Institute of Applied Ecology. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shenyang
110016. P.R. China.
Responsible editor: Song Funan 相似文献
16.
Sophie E. Hale Barry A. Gardiner Axel Wellpott Bruce C. Nicoll Alexis Achim 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(1):203-217
Wind damage to forests is an important ecological disturbance factor. At the same time, it can have serious economic consequences
due to a reduction in timber production. Current models for predicting the risk of wind damage are useful, but generally only
focus on the “mean” tree within uniform stands. This paper presents measurements made of wind loading on trees of different
sizes within four forest stands of different structure and management history, but all well-acclimated to current wind conditions.
Each tree demonstrated a linear relationship between the maximum hourly turning moment and the square of the average hourly
wind speed at the canopy top; we defined this ratio (the gradient of the line M
max vs. u
2) as the turning moment coefficient (T
C). T
C was correlated with tree size, in a relationship that differed little between the four forest sites despite the differences
between the stands. The relationship between T
C and individual tree competition within each stand was investigated, using both distance-independent and distance-dependent
competition indices. All sites showed decreasing T
C with increasing competition. However, the relationships differed between sites and would also be expected to change through
time for a single site. The distance-dependent indices offered no improvement over the simpler, non-spatial indices that required
only a diameter distribution. We suggest how, subject to further work, the results presented could be applied to calculate
the risk of wind damage to trees of different sizes within a forest stand, and how the risk of wind damage to individual trees
might change in response to thinning. 相似文献
17.
The photosynthetic response of 12-year oldPinus sylvestriformis to elevated CO2 and its influential factors were tested and analyzed in the forest region of Changbai Mountain in 1999. Trees grown at the
natural condition were controlled at three levels of CO2 concentration (350 μL·L−1, 500 μL·L−1 and 700 μL·L−1) by CO2 rich settlement designed by us. Net photosynthetic rates (NPR), temperature, relative humidity, stomatal conductance, intercellular
CO2 concentration and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were measured at 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 14:00, 16:00 and 18:00 hours
a day. Experimental results showed that the NPR ofPinus sylvestriformis increased by 32.6% and 123.0% at 500 μL·L−1 and 700 μL·L−1 CO2 concentration respectively, compared to ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration (350 μL·L−1). The relations between NPR and influential factors, including temperature, relative humidity, intercellular CO2 concentration and photosynthetic active radiation, were analyzed respectively by regression analysis at different CO2 concentrations.
Foundation Item: This project was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Biography: WANG Chen-rui (1970-), male, Assistant Research Fellow in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai 相似文献
18.
风对林木的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
风除对森林造成了危害外,还对树木的生长、形态以及森林生态等产生影响。随着全球气候变化的发展,更多和更强的暴风出现的危险性日益增加。为了更好地理解风害对树木、林分和森林生态系统的影响,为森林经营管理提供依据,本文对近10年来国际上有关风对林木影响内容进行归纳总结。结果表明,风对林木影响的研究主要在以下几个方面取得了重要的进展：1)风与林木的空气动力学关系;2)树木在风力荷载下其适应性的生长机理;3)树木对风的生理响应：4)森林风害的危险评估。所有这些研究大都在人工用材林中进行的。此外,本文还介绍了该研究领域需要开展的其它研究,如1)天然林或天然次生林的风害研究;2)风害形成的林窗和森林动态研究;3)风害对森林生态主要过程的影响研究;4)．风害与森林管理研究。图3参61。 相似文献
19.
The net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, RuBPcase (ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylose) activity, dry weight of aboveground
and belowgroud part, plant height, the length and diameter of taproot ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were measured and analyzed after six-week exposure to elevated CO2 in an open-top chamber in Changbai Mountain of China from May to Oct. 1999. Seedlings were planted in four different conditions:
on an open site, control chamber, 500 μL·L−1 and 700 μL·L−1 CO2 chambers. The results showed that the total biomass of the seedlings increased whereas stomatal conductance decreased. The
physiological responses and growth to 500 μL·L−1 and 700 μL·L−1 CO2 varied greatly. The acclimation of photosynthesis was downward to 700 μL·L−1 CO2 but upward to 500 μL·L−1 CO2. The RuBPcase activity, chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents of the seedlings grown at 500 μL·L−1 CO2 were higher than that at 700 μL·L−1 CO2. The concentration 500 μL·L−1 CO2 enhanced the growth of aboveground part whereas 700 μL·L−1 CO2 allocated more carbon to belowground part. Elevated CO2 changed the carbon distribution pattern. The ecophysiological responses were significantly different between plants grown
under 500 μL·L−1 CO2 and 700 μL·L−1 CO2.
Foundation Item: This paper was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Biography: HAN Shi-jie (1956-), male, Ph. Doctor, Professor in Laboratory of Ecological Process of Trace Substance in Terrestrial Ecosystem,
Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai 相似文献
20.
Eco-physiological responses of seedlings of eight species,Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Populus ussuriensis, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Traxinus mandshurica andAcer mono from broadleaved/Korean pine forest, to elevated CO2 were studied by using open-top chambers under natural sunlight in Changbai Mountain, China in two growing seasons (1998–1999).
Two concentrations of CO2 were designed: elevated CO2 (700 μmol·mol−1) and ambient CO2 (400 μmol·mol−1). The study results showed that the height growth of the tree seedlings grown at elevated CO2 increased by about 10%–40% compared to those grown at ambient CO2. And the water using efficiency of seedlings also followed the same tendency. However, the responses of seedlings in transpiration
and chlorophyll content to elevated CO2 varied with tree species. The broad-leaf tree species were more sensitive to the elevated CO2 than conifer tree species. All seedlings showed a photosynthetic acclimation to long-term elevated CO2.
Foundation item: The project was supported by National Key Basic Development of China (G1999043400) and the grant KZCX 406-4, KZCX1 SW-01
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Biography: WANG Miao (1964-), maie, associate professor in Institute of applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016,
P. R. China.
Responsible editor: Song Funan 相似文献