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近10 a来祁连山植被覆盖变化研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
NDVI作为植被生长状况及植被覆盖度的最佳指示因子,被认为是监测地区或全球植被和环境变化的最有效指标。基于2000-2011年250 m分辨率的MODIS NDVI数据并结合气候资料,采用最大值合成法、均值法、斜率分析法、相关分析法,研究祁连山生长季植被覆盖的时空变化及其与气候因子的相关性。结果表明：祁连山植被覆盖总体上自西向东递增,呈现东多西少的分布格局;植被覆盖变化存在明显的空间差异,表现为中西部植被覆盖增加,增加面积为79 149 km2,占祁连山总面积的52.93%;东部植被覆盖减少,减少面积为22 865 km2,占祁连山总面积的11.09%。近10 a来植被覆盖整体上呈增加趋势,生长季各月植被覆盖整体上呈增加趋势,全球气候变暖导致的降水增加是祁连山植被覆盖增加的主要原因。NDVI与气温、降水的相关性较高并存在一定的滞后性,6、7月NDVI分别与前期1月和前期2月的降水显著相关,相关系数分别为0.788和0.684;8、9月NDVI分别与当月、前期1月的气温极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.825和0.829。 相似文献
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乌鲁木齐达坂城地区是新疆湿地分布比较集中的地区之一,包括河流、沼泽、湖泊和池塘等。2010年7-8月,先后2次在该地区采集藻类标本,在对标本鉴定过程中,发现新疆鼓藻属新记录有6种,分别为双眼鼓藻（Cosmarium bioculatum）、扁鼓藻（C.depressum）、丘凸鼓藻（C.ochthodes）、厚皮鼓藻（C.pachydermum）、斑点鼓藻（C.punctulatum）和直角鼓藻（C. rectangulare）,并描述了其形态学特征。这些新记录的发现,丰富了新疆鼓藻属植物的研究资料。 相似文献
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The mountainous forests in arid regions, being sensitive to climate change, are one of the key research topics related to the mechanism of interaction between climate and the terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, the spatial distribution of a mid-mountain forest and its environmental factors were investigated by using a combination of remote sensing technology, field survey, climate indices and soil nutrient analysis in the Sangong River watershed of the northern Tianshan Mountains. The forest(Picea schrenkiana) was distributed between 1,510 and 2,720 m asl. Tree height and diameter at breast height(DBH) exhibited a bi-modal pattern with increasing elevation, and rested at 2,450 and 2,250 m asl, respectively. The two maxima of DBH appeared at 2,000 and 2,550 m asl, and the taller trees were observed at 2,100 and 2,600 m asl. For the annual mean temperature, the difference was approximately 5.8°C between the lowest and the highest limits of the forest, and the average decreasing rates per hundred meters were 0.49°C and 0.55°C with increasing altitude between 1,500 and 2,000 m asl and above 2,000 m asl, respectively. The annual precipitation in the forest zone first increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude, and the maximum value was at 2,000 m asl. For per hundred meters, the annual precipitation increased with the rate of 31 mm between 1,500 and 2,000 m asl and decreased by 7.8 mm above 2,000 m asl. The SOM, TN and TP were high between 2,000 and 2,700 m asl and low at the lower and upper forest limits. The minimum Ca CO3 concentration, p H value and EC coincided with the maximum precipitation belt at 2,000 m asl. The SOM, TN and TP were high in the topsoil(0–10 cm) and differed significantly from the values observed in the deep soil layers(10 cm). The soil nutrients exhibited spatial heterogeneity and higher aggregation in the topsoil. In conclusion, soil and climate are closely related to each other, working synergistically to determine the development and spatial distribution of the mid-mountain forest in the study area. The order of the importance of environmental factors to forest development in this study is as follows: soil nutrientsprecipitationelevationtemperature. 相似文献
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为了探明干旱环境下AM真菌形态结构及其生态适应性,2009年7月在内蒙古和河北农牧交错带选取4个样地,采集沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)根围土壤样品,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对分离的AM真菌进行分类鉴定。共分离鉴定3属17种AM真菌,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)11种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)5种,盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)1种。沙棘AM真菌孢子具有体积小、颜色深、孢壁厚,整体形态不饱满等特征,表现出对干旱荒漠环境的生态适应性。扫描电镜下,不同属种孢子表面纹饰特征差异明显,可作为AM真菌属种分类的参考依据。 相似文献
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中亚荒漠生态系统中的关键种——柽柳（Tamarix spp.） 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
生物多样性是一个综合的具有复杂相互关系的概念，研究内容极其多种多样。不同生态系统关键种（Ｋｅｙｓｔｏｎ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ）的确定及其生态作用与经济开发的研究是生物多样性研究的主要方向之一。本文从柽柳在荒漠生态系统中的生态学地位和对分布区人群经济生活中的重要作用角度，说明这类植物是干旱荒漠区生态系统中的关键种之一，在生物多样性保护中要给予更多的关注。 相似文献
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塔里木河干流上中游丰枯情景下生态水调控研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为保护及恢复塔里木河干流受损的天然植被生态系统,利用遥感影像、水文、植被等数据,借助野外监测、地理信息技术与模型模拟相结合的手段,厘定了不同来水频率下河水的损耗量、可调生态水量及生态供水量;结合天然植被的分布特点及需水规律,制定了不同水情条件下的生态水调控方案。结果表明:(1)在10%、25%、50%、75%、90%的来水频率下,生态供水量分别为48.39×10~8m~3、38.05×10~8m~3、27.20×10~8m~3、17.41×10~8m~3和11.93×10~8m~3,对天然植被生态需水量的保障度分别达到217%、171%、122%、78%和53%。(2)在丰水年、平水年、枯水年,设定促进天然植被"恢复"及实现"基本保护"和"重点保护"3个生态目标,以3~5 a为周期、轮灌时段7—9月、持续时间15~20 d的生态水调控方案。具体而言,丰水年在重点保护区、生态敏感区和生态脆弱区实现2~3次的漫溢,平水年在重点保护区(适当情景下涵盖生态敏感区和生态脆弱区)实现1~2次漫溢,枯水年仅通过河损补给重点保护区的生态用水。以上研究可为塔里木河干流水资源的优化配置与天然植被的生态保护及恢复提供重要的科学依据和技术参考。 相似文献
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新疆是我国沙拐枣属植物分布最多的省份,有19种,约占了82.6%,其中新疆特有种有5个,在北疆准噶尔盆地分布种类最多;从沙拐枣的形态、遗传、物候、抗逆性以及分布格局五个层面进行分析研究,揭示新疆沙拐枣属植物多样性特征以及与生态环境之间的关系,并为深入开展沙拐枣的生态系统结构与功能研究,以及自然植被的科学经营与保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
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华家岭人工云杉林群落结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以黄土丘陵区华家岭杨树低效生态公益林改造的典型模式--人工云杉林为研究对象,采用典型取样法,对研究区域内分布于西段、中东段和南段的云杉林进行调查研究,分析其群落结构特征。结果表明：① 华家岭人工云杉林成分群落结构较为简单,灌木层、草本层的结构参数均与乔木层的结构参数呈负相关关系;② 区域内云杉林个体植株集中分布于低高度级与小径级范围内,多属幼龄林。且受立地条件的影响,西段、中东段、南段云杉林树高、胸径表现出较大的差异,中东段的云杉林长势优于西段和南段的云杉林;③ 人工云杉林初植密度偏大,且大多为纯林。这制约了区域林分的结构优化,可能对黄土丘陵区生态公益林的持续发展带来一定的不利影响。 相似文献
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外来入侵物种三裂叶豚草(Ambrosia trifida L.)及其风险分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
外来入侵物种严重威胁着农业生产、生态安全及人类健康,已成为世界各国广泛关注和研究的热点。本文对外来杂草三裂叶豚草(Ambrosia trifida L.)的起源和分布、生物生态学特性、经济和生态影响及其控制管理措施等进行了系统综述。根据生物生态学特性、潜在风险及管理控制的难度等指标,初步建立了外来杂草的风险评估体系。应用该体系对三裂叶豚草进行了风险评估,得出其风险值为83,属高度危险的检疫性有害生物。 相似文献
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白刺属(Nitraria L.)植物是古地中海第三纪孑遗植物,对我国西北干旱、半干旱地区具有极高的生态效益.本研究基于MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS软件及其SDM工具箱预测了过去到未来不同时期下白刺属6个物种在我国的潜在适生区及其迁移路线,以期为该属植物的保护及资源利用方面提供一定的理论依据.结果表明:白刺属植物当代在... 相似文献
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Jia QIN YongJian DING JinKui WU MingJie GAO ShuHua YI ChuanCheng ZHAO BaiSheng YE Man LI ShengXia WANG 《干旱区科学》2013,(3):366-383
Estimating the impact of mountain landscape on hydrology or water balance is essential for the sustainable development strategies of water resources.Specifically,understanding how the change of each landscape influences hydrological components will greatly improve the predictability of hydrological responses to mountain landscape changes and thus can help the government make sounder decisions.In the paper,we used the VIC(Variable Infiltration Capacity)model to conduct hydrological modeling in the upper Heihe River watershed,along with a frozen-soil module and a glacier melting module to improve the simulation.The improved model performed satisfactorily.We concluded that there are differences in the runoff generation of mountain landscape both in space and time.About 50% of the total runoff at the catchment outlet were generated in mid-mountain zone(2,900-4,000 m asl),and water was mainly consumed in low mountain region(1,700-2,900 m asl)because of the higher requirements of trees and grasses.The runoff coefficient was 0.37 in the upper Heihe River watershed.Barren landscape produced the largest runoff yields(52.46% of the total runoff)in the upper Heihe River watershed,followed by grassland(34.15%),shrub(9.02%),glacier(3.57%),and forest(0.49%).In order to simulate the impact of landscape change on hydrological components,three landscape change scenarios were designed in the study.Scenario 1,2 and 3 were to convert all shady slope landscapes at 2,000-3,300 m,2,000-3,700 m,and 2,000-4,000 m asl respectively to forest lands,with forest coverage rate increased to 12.4%,28.5% and 42.0%,respectively.The runoff at the catchment outlet correspondingly declined by 3.5%,13.1% and 24.2% under the three scenarios.The forest landscape is very important in water conservation as it reduced the flood peak and increased the base flow.The mountains as "water towers" play important roles in water resources generation and the impact of mountain landscapes on hydrology is significant. 相似文献
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西藏飞蝗Locusta migratoria tibetensis是为害小麦Triticum aestivum、青稞Hordeum vulgare等禾本科作物及牧草的重要高原害虫,具有发生面积大、繁殖能力强和为害重等特点,在西藏自治区雅鲁藏布江沿岸、青海省玉树藏族自治州和四川省甘孜藏族自治州等地均有过多次暴发的历史记录,给当地农牧业造成了严重的经济损失。为全面了解西藏飞蝗的发生规律及其相关研究进展,本文主要综述了西藏飞蝗的地理分布、形态学特征、生物学特性、生态学特征和防治措施等内容,同时对西藏飞蝗未来的研究方向以及综合防控进行了展望。 相似文献
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以台兰河为研究对象,选用台兰水文站1957-2011年平均流量序列,采用SPSS统计软件对其55 a序列进行趋势分析。结果显示：台兰河径流与降水量的年内分配极不均匀,径流主要集中在夏秋两季,降水量集中在春夏两季,径流与降水量集中期主要分布在7月。识别和提取台兰河年平均流量时间序列的趋势函数QS(t),获得了相应的趋势回归模型;台兰河年平均流量序列存在1957-1981年、1981-1999年、1999-2011年3个时段呈递减→递增→递减变化态势;降水、气温变化是影响台兰河不同时段年平均流量变化的主要因素,年平均径流量变化趋势与气温、降水变化趋势一致。 相似文献
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Mountainous ecosystems are considered highly sensitive and vulnerable to natural disasters and climatic changes.Therefore,quantifying the effects of elevation on grassland productivity to understand ecosystem-climate interactions is vital for mountainous ecosystems.Water-use efficiency(WUE)provides a useful index for understanding the metabolism of terrestrial ecosystems as well as for evaluating the degradation of grasslands.This paper explored net primary productivity(NPP)and WUE in grasslands along an elevational gradient ranging from 400 to 3,400 m asl in the northern Tianshan Mountains-southern Junggar Basin(TMJB),Xinjiang of China,using the Biome-BGC model.The results showed that:1)the NPP increased by 0.05 g C/(m2·a)with every increase of 1-m elevation,reached the maximum at the mid-high elevation(1,600 m asl),and then decreased by 0.06 g C/(m2·a)per 1-m increase in elevation;2)the grassland NPP was positively correlated with temperature in alpine meadow(AM,2,700-3,500 m asl),mid-mountain forest meadow(MMFM,1,650-2,700 m asl)and low-mountain dry grassland(LMDG,650-1,650 m asl),while positive correlations were found between NPP and annual precipitation in plain desert grassland(PDG,lower than 650 m asl);3)an increase(from 0.08 to 1.09 g C/(m2·a))in mean NPP for the grassland in TMJB under a real climate change scenario was observed from 1959 to 2009;and 4)remarkable differences in WUE were found among different elevations.In general,WUE increased with decreasing elevation,because water availability is lower at lower elevations;however,at elevations lower than 540 m asl,we did observe a decreasing trend of WUE with decreasing elevation,which may be due to the sharp changes in canopy cover over this gradient.Our research suggests that the NPP simulated by Biome-BGC is consistent with field data,and the modeling provides an opportunity to further evaluate interactions between environmental factors and ecosystem productivity. 相似文献
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在对江西南昌市梅岭景区6个典型景点中的蜘蛛多样性进行调查、鉴定并获得其蜘蛛资源详实分布名录的基础上,结合另文对其多样性的比较研究结果,通过将其39个未确定种的各科属级物种丰富度、景点物种多样性、群落结构多样性和捕食功能多样性共13个指数作为变量对其区域特色种作用因子进行主成分、相关性和聚类等统计分析,揭示其多样性形成原因和方式。结果表明:景点物种均匀度、景点物种丰富度、景点物种优势度、捕食功能均匀度、群落结构丰富度、捕食功能丰富度是区域特色种形成的6个主要作用因子,各因子间普遍相关,且生态和遗传因素各有侧重地作用于区域特色种的形成。 相似文献
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帕米尔地区藓类植物初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据作者近年来在昆仑山西部,帕米尔地区的多次野外工作中采集的３５０号藓类植物标本,经过整理,得知该地区有藓类植物５４种,隶属于９科２７属。按种数多少为依据的优势科依次是;真藓科Ｂｒｙａｃｅａｅ,丛藓科Ｐｏｔｔｉａｃｅａｅ青藓科Ｂｒａｃｈｙｔｈｅｃｉａｃｅａｅ,柳叶藓科Ａｍｂｌｙｓｔｅｇｉａｃｅａｅ。初步的区系成分分析表明,该地区藓类植物主要是泛北极区系成分占优势,而缺乏热带,亚热带区系成分。 相似文献
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晋西黄土丘陵区植被生态需水研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以水量平衡关系为理论基础,采用1961-2007年晋西黄土丘陵地区14个气象站的气象资料,在GIS技术支持下估算该地区的植被需水量,分析植被需水量的时空变化以及缺水量。研究结果表明:晋西黄土丘陵地区现有植被适宜需水量为40.759×108m3,最小生态需水量为24.784×108m3,从北到南呈递增趋势;适宜和最小亏缺水量分别为5.581×108m3和0.414×108m3,区域分布是中部最多,南部次之,北部最少;植被生态需水和缺水表现出不同的年变化和月变化趋势和空间分异规律。生态需水量与亏缺水量的计算结果为改善晋西黄土丘陵区生态环境,合理利用水资源和植被资源,提高生态、经济与社会效益提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Fusarium species associated with stalk rot and head blight of grain sorghum in Queensland and New South Wales,Australia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Historical records report Fusarium moniliforme sensu lato as the pathogen responsible for Fusarium diseases of sorghum; however, recent phylogenetic analysis has separated this complex into more than 25 species. During this study, surveys were undertaken in three major sorghum‐producing regions in eastern Australia to assess the diversity and frequency of Fusarium species associated with stalk rot‐ and head blight‐infected plants. A total of 523 isolates were collected from northern New South Wales, southern Queensland and central Queensland. Nine Fusarium species were isolated from diseased plants. Pathogenicity tests confirmed F. andiyazi and F. thapsinum were the dominant stalk rot pathogens, whilst F. thapsinum and species within the F. incarnatum–F. equiseti species complex were most frequently associated with head blight. 相似文献