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辛业芸 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,33(4):396-402
水稻许多重要的性状是由多基因控制的数量性状.分子生物技术的迅速发展和QTL定位方法的日趋完善,为水稻数量性状基因(QTL)的研究提供了基础.综述了数量性状基因座QTL(quantitative trait locus)定位的原理、定位群体和常用方法及分子标记在水稻产量性状基因定位中的研究现状,并对目前水稻产量性状QTL定位存在的问题和发展前景进行了探讨. 相似文献
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基于掖478导入系的玉米产量性状QTL鉴定 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
目的】鉴定玉米产量相关性状基因位点及包含有利等位基因的导入系,为了解产量性状形成的遗传基础及针对玉米自交系产量性状的分子设计提供参考和依据。【方法】以QB80和Qi319为供体亲本,掖478为轮回亲本,采用回交结合定向选择,分别构建含有61和72个家系的基础导入系群体。通过2年4点田间试验,利用完备复合区间作图进行产量及其相关性状的QTL（quantitative trait locus,QTL）分析。【结果】4个环境下,在QB80为供体的导入系群体中,共检测到9个性状的49个QTL;在Qi319为供体的导入系群体中,检测到9个性状的42个QTL。在2个及以上环境中均检测到的QTL有16个。同一性状在不同环境下所检测的QTL定位在相同的染色体区域,不同性状的QTL也定位在相同或临近的染色体区域,形成多个QTL富集区。2个群体所检测的QTL位点具有较少的一致性,说明2个供体材料中含有不同的有利基因位点。同时,导入片段中含有利基因的导入系,其相关性状明显得以改良,这些导入系可用于QTL聚合以改良掖478的产量相关性状。【结论】QB80较Qi319与掖478间的遗传差异更大,能检测更多的产量性状QTL;2个导入系群体中含有优良等位基因的导入系可用于QTL聚合改良掖478;QTL富集区是为产量性状基因的克隆提供可供参考的重要染色体区域。 相似文献
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发掘响应接种根瘤菌的大豆产量相关性状遗传位点和基因,对于大豆固氮能力改良的分子育种至关重要。本研究通过在低氮条件下对大豆重组自交系群体和自然群体分别接种根瘤菌,进而发掘了株高、主茎节数、分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重等产量相关性状QTL位点和候选基因。通过关联分析共获得分布于10条染色体上的59个产量相关性状显著性SNP,有8个SNP与单株荚数、单株粒重和百粒重等重要产量性状显著关联。在RIL群体中,共定位到23个产量相关性状加性QTL和13对上位性QTL,其中加性QTL分布于8条染色体,表型贡献率为5.90%～32.87%。在这些QTL中,控制单株荚数和百粒重的QTL各有2个、控制单株粒数和单株粒重的QTL各有3个,对表型的贡献率为5.95%～24.60%。进一步分析发现,在自然群体和RIL群体中的产量相关性状一致性QTL主要位于6号与19号染色体上,有23个可能的候选基因位于这些一致性QTL附近的基因组区域。 相似文献
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玉米籽粒构型与产量性状的关系及QTL作图 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
【目的】探讨玉米籽粒构型性状（粒长、粒宽、粒厚、粒形等）与产量性状间的相互关系,进行籽粒构型性状相关QTL的检测与定位。【方法】以自交系齐319和黄早四构建的226个F2:3家系为试验材料,利用相关分析、主成分分析、出籽率模拟运算及QTL定位等方法,对在不同生态环境下（北京春播和河南夏播）玉米籽粒构型与产量性状间相关性进行探讨,并初步分析籽粒构型性状遗传基础。【结果】单穗产量与绝大多数籽粒构型性状显著相关,特别是与粒长的相关系数最高。主成分分析结果表明,对单穗产量影响较大的性状有粒长、粒厚、穗长、出籽率和粒长/穗半径。出籽率是影响果穗同化产物分配状况的衡量指标,受到粒长、粒长/穗半径、穗长和粒宽的显著影响。模拟运算亦表明粒长/穗半径与出籽率具有十分紧密的关系。对在两个生态环境下籽粒构型性状和产量性状的相关QTL进行了检测,共检测到了36个QTL。进一步分析发现,在不同生态环境下的部分QTL定位在相同的染色体区域;同时,还有不同性状的QTL定位在相同或临近的染色体区域。【结论】玉米籽粒构型性状与产量性状具有较高的相关关系,籽粒构型QTL与产量相关QTL的重叠区域对剖析玉米产量形成遗传机制可能具有重要的研究价值。 相似文献
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籼稻不同定位群体的抽穗期和株高QTL比较研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】通过分析控制不同定位群体水稻抽穗期、株高和产量性状表现的QTL,挖掘同时控制株高与产量性状且对抽穗期影响小的QTL区间,为水稻高产育种提供参考。【方法】以杂交稻恢复系密阳46作为共同父本,分别与保持系协青早B和珍汕97B配组,构建2个籼籼交重组自交系群体,在同一地点多年种植,对不同群体抽穗期和株高相关的QTL定位结果进行比较。【结果】共定位到12个抽穗期QTL和11个株高QTL,其中2个抽穗期QTL在2个群体中都能检测到,分别位于第6染色体短臂和第7染色体长臂近着丝粒区域。通过与前期相同群体产量性状QTL定位结果比较,发现6个多效性区间,其中,1个同时控制抽穗期、株高和产量性状,3个同时控制抽穗期和产量性状,2个同时控制株高和产量性状。【结论】相对于共同的父本密阳46,水稻矮败型保持系协青早B与野败型保持系珍汕97B对抽穗期和株高的遗传控制存在较大差异,并以株高更为明显。第2染色体长臂RM6—RM240的QTL作用较稳定,对株高和产量性状作用方向一致,且对抽穗期无显著影响,对于通过“矮中求高”实现水稻高产育种具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2013,(2)
Two genetic linkage maps, constructed by DH and RILs populations derived from the same parents, were carried out for the identification and comparison of QTLs controlling yield traits across different years in rice (Oryza sativa L.). A total of 194 SSR and STS markers were used in two maps, of which 114 markers were same. The distribution of Samgang allele was higher in RILs population than it in DH population. Comparing with DH population, RILs population has more lines with higher yield and wider phenotypic transgressive segression for yield traits. Although most of QTLs for the same trait were different in two populations across different years, 8 QTLs (including gwp11.1, spp5.1, spp10.1, spp11.2, ssr1.1, ssr11.1, tgw9.1 and tgw11.1) were detected over 2 yr. It is important to note that ppp10.1, spp10.1 and tgw9.1 were identified in two populations, while spp10.1 and tgw9.1 were simultaneity observed across different years. Epistatic effects were more important than additive effects for PPP, SPP, yield in DH population and TGW, yield in RILs population. Epistatic effects of DH and RILs populations were different on the same genetic background in the present study, which illuminated the QE interaction played an important role on epistatic effect. Identification and comparison of QTLs for yield traits in DH and RILs populations should provide various and more precise information. The QTLs identified in present study would be valuable in marker-assisted selection program for improving rice yield. 相似文献
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Xin-hua ZHAO Yang QIN Bao-yan JIA Suk-Man Kim Hyun-Suk Lee Moo-Young Eun Kyung-Min Kim Jae-Keun Sohn 《农业科学学报》2013,12(2):198-208
Two genetic linkage maps, constructed by DH and RILs populations derived from the same parents, were carried out for the identification and comparison of QTLs controlling yield traits across different years in rice (Oryza sativa L.). A total of 194 SSR and STS markers were used in two maps, of which 114 markers were same. The distribution of Samgang allele was higher in RILs population than it in DH population. Comparing with DH population, RILs population has more lines with higher yield and wider phenotypic transgressive segression for yield traits. Although most of QTLs for the same trait were different in two populations across different years, 8 QTLs (including gwp11.1, spp5.1, spp10.1, spp11.2, ssr1.1, ssr11.1, tgw9.1 and tgw11.1) were detected over 2 yr. It is important to note that ppp10.1, spp10.1 and tgw9.1 were identified in two populations, while spp10.1 and tgw9.1 were simultaneity observed across different years. Epistatic effects were more important than additive effects for PPP, SPP, yield in DH population and TGW, yield in RILs population. Epistatic effects of DH and RILs populations were different on the same genetic background in the present study, which illuminated the QE interaction played an important role on epistatic effect. Identification and comparison of QTLs for yield traits in DH and RILs populations should provide various and more precise information. The QTLs identified in present study would be valuable in marker-assisted selection program for improving rice yield. 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2016,(11)
Grain traits are major constraints in rice production, which are key factors in determining grain yield and market values. This study used two recombinant inbred line(RIL) populations, RIL-JJ(japonica/japonica) and RIL-IJ(indica/japonica) derived from the two crosses Shennong 265/Lijiangxintuanheigu(SN265/LTH) and Shennong 265/Luhui 99(SN265/LH99). Sixty-eight quantitative trait loci(QTLs) associated with 10 grain traits were consistently detected on the 12 chromosomes across different populations and two environments. Although 61.75% of the QTLs clustered together across two populations, only 16.17% could be detected across two populations. Eight major QTLs were detected on the 9, 10 and 12 chromosomes in RIL-JJ under two environments, a novel QTL clustered on the 10 chromosome, q GT10, q BT10 and q TGW10, have a higher percentage of explained phenotypic variation(PVE) and additive effect; 15 major QTLs were detected on the 5, 8, 9, and 11 chromosomes in RIL-IJ under two environments, a novel clustered QTL, q GT8 and q TGW8, on the 8 chromosome have a higher additive effect. Finally, the analysis of major QTL-BSA mapping narrowed the q TGW10 to a 1.47-Mb region flanked by simple sequence repeat markers RM467 and RM6368 on chromosome 10. A comparison of QTLs for grain traits in two different genetic backgrounds recombinant inbred line populations confirmed that genetic background had a significant impact on grain traits. The identified QTLs were stable across different populations and various environments, and 29.42% of QTLs controlling grain traits were reliably detected in different environments. Fewer QTLs were detected for brown rice traits than for paddy rice traits, 7 and 17 QTLs for brown rice out of 25 and 43 QTLs under RIL-JJ and RILIJ populations, respectively. The identification of genes constituting the QTLs will help to further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying grain shape. 相似文献
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大豆产量相关性状的多年多点QTL分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目前大豆和其他高产作物相比,相对产量偏低,提高大豆产量潜力是大豆育种的重要任务。产量是一个综合性状,受多个形态、生理以及农艺性状的影响。定位大豆产量性状QTL,具有重要的研究和应用价值。以美国大豆品种Charleston为母本,东北农业大学大豆品系东农594为父本及其F2:14代重组自交系的154个株系为试验材料,164个SSR引物经亲本筛选后用于群体扩增,并构建遗传图谱。在两年同一地点下对亲本间表现多态的12个与产量相关的农艺性状进行了调查及QTL分析。产量相关性状包括荚数、荚长、荚宽、百粒重等。QTL检测结果表明,在两年的种植环境下,12个产量相关性状共检测到QTL 33个。每个性状的QTLs在两种环境下共检出个数1~9个不等,其中6个QTLs在2个环境下被检测到,它们受环境的影响较小,为较稳定的QTLs。其他产量QTLs只在单一环境下被检测到,说明产量相关QTLs与环境之间存在明显的互作。与国内外对应农艺性状QTLs检测结果相比,多个性状的QTLs位点均一致,说明QTLs检测准确率较高。利用分子标记遗传图谱,定位控制产量相关性状的QTL,为利用分子标记改良大豆产量潜力提供了有力手段。 相似文献
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水稻品种生育期的遗传和基因定位 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
概述了水稻感光性品种、非感光品种、杂交水稻、籼粳亚种间F1杂种和诱变早熟突变体的生育期 /抽穗期遗传 ,以及水稻抽穗期主基因和QTL定位的研究现状 ,并讨论了水稻抽穗期主基因研究、QTL定位、显性早熟基因的育种利用等方面存在的问题与对策 相似文献
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Seed dormancy is one of the most important traits related to the rice grain quality and seeds application, because it is associated with pre-harvest sprouting, resulting in a downgrading of quality and severe limitations in end-use application.The recent development of DNA markers and linkage maps of rice has made possible mapping of individual genes associated with complex seed dormancy traits, analyzing the genetics effects of individual genes and genotype-byenvironment interactions. Up to now, numerous quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seed dormancy in rice have been identified and mapped in the molecular genetic map by different populations. In this review, we focus on the genetic base of seed dormancy in rice, especially compare QTLs controlling seed dormancy reported up to now, analyze the expression and stability of QTLs controlling seed dormancy, and discuss the present problems. Finally we show a new pathway to further research on seed dormancy. 相似文献
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Full nonhost resistance can be defined as immunity, displayed by an entire plant species against all genotypes of a plant pathogen. Interesting biological questions are, whether the genes responsible for the nonhost status of a plant species have a general or a specific effectiveness to heterologous （＂nonhost＂） pathogens？ Is the nonhost resistance to pathogens of plant species that are related to the nonhost based on R-genes or on other types of genes？ We study this question in barley （Hordeum vulgare L.）, which is a near-nonhost to several rusts （Puccinia） of cereals and grasses. By crosses and selection we accumulated susceptibility and developed an experimental line, SusPtrit, with high susceptibility to at least nine different heterologous rust taxa such as the wheat and Agropyron leaf rusts （P. triticina and P. persistens, respectively）. At the microscopic level there is also some variation among barley accessions in the degree that the heterologous wheat powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici） is able to form haustoria in epidermal cells. So, also the genetics of the variation in level of nonhost resistance to heterologous mildew fungi can be studied in barley. Our data obtained on mapping populations involving three regular nonhost-immune accessions （Vada, Cebada Capa and Golden Promise） suggest that nonhost resistance is the joined effect of multiple, quantitative genes （QTLs） and very occasionally a major gene （R-gene？） is involved. Most QTLs have effect to only one or two heterologous rusts, but some have a wider spectrum. This was confirmed in a set of QTL-NILs. Those QTL-NILs are used to fine-map the effective genes. In some cases, a QTL region with effectiveness to several heterologous rusts might be a cluster of genes with a more narrow spectrum of effectiveness. Our evidence suggests that nonhost resistance in barley to rust and powdery mildew fungi of related Gramineae is not due to R-genes, but to pathogen species-specific quantitative resistance genes. 相似文献
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水稻是全世界最主要的粮食作物之一,水稻产量的提高是解决人类口粮问题的关键。水稻喜温,
但温度过高会对水稻的生长及产量造成严重影响。随着全球气候变暖,水稻热害频发,严重限制了水稻的高产、
稳产,导致水稻产业受到较大影响。通过鉴定水稻耐热数量性状位点（Quantitative Trait Loci,QTL）,克隆相关
基因,并研究水稻耐热性状的分子机理,将水稻重要耐热相关基因应用于育种是最经济、最有效的策略。近年
来随着测序技术和功能基因组学的发展,水稻耐热分子机理的研究取得了较大进展。迄今为止,国内外科研人
员已通过不同的遗传群体鉴定了 80 个以上的水稻耐热相关 QTL,并通过正向或反向遗传学手段克隆了部分水稻
耐热相关基因,为水稻耐热分子育种提供了极具价值的研究成果。就水稻耐热相关 QTL 的鉴定、耐热相关功能
基因的克隆以及耐热相关分子机理研究等方面进行综述,以期为水稻耐热分子育种提供参考。 相似文献
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应用RFLP图谱定位分析籼稻粒形数量性状基因座位 总被引：41，自引：3，他引：41
用二个籼型杂交组合的F#-2群体，构建了二张分别具有89和93个标记位点的RFLP图谱。在此基础上，应用方差分析法和区间作图法对控制籼稻粒形性状的QTLs进行定位。在特三矮2号/CB1128群体中，定位了14个QTLs，其中5个控制粒长，2个主效基因（分别位于第5、第7染色体）和2个微效基因控制粒宽，1个主效基因和4个微效基因控制粒厚。在外引2号/CB1128群体中，共定位了13个QTLs，其中5个影响粒长，2个主效基因（分别位于第2、第5染色体）和3个微效基因控制粒宽，3个微效基因影响粒厚。此外，估算了每个QTL的贡献率、加性效应和显性效应值，分析某些染色体区间的多效现象，比较分析二群体QTLs定位结果的异同。 相似文献