首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
Alkaline phosphatase activity (EC. 3.1.3.1.) in goblet cells was investigated in the small intestine of 16 gnotobiotic piglets infected one day after delivery (DAD) by different rates of oocysts of Isospora suis coccidia. At a high infection rate of I. suis (750,000) the goblet cells were found to be highly positive to alkaline phosphatase on day 3 to day 4 after infection (DAI). In piglets infected by a low infection rate of I. suis oocysts (100,000) the activity of alkaline phosphatase activity in goblet cells was proved on days 4 to 10 after infection. In the first group of piglets, the positive goblet cells prevailed in the middle region of jejunum, with the peak on 4th DAI. It the second group of piglets a marked increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity was recorded in the goblet cells in the posterior part of jejunum on days 4 to 5 after infection and on 10th DAI. No alkaline phosphatase activity in the goblet cells was demonstrated in the control gnotobiotic piglets at the age of two to seven days.  相似文献   

2.
A study of neonatal steatorrhoea in unweaned piglets was carried out in randomly visited herds. Isospora suis and rotavirus were shown to be incriminated in this type of enteric disease and these agents may be considered important enteropathogens for 1-3-week-old piglets in Sweden. More extensive studies of I. suis were undertaken in one large herd. It was found that steatorrhoea may appear in 4-day-old piglets but oocysts were not detected until some days latter. Piglets that were shedding I. suis were not necessarily steatorrhoeic but oocysts were more frequently found in steatorrhoeic faeces than in faeces of normal consistency. The earliest oocyst output was detected at 5 days of age, the average litterage at first appearance being 12.8 +/- 4.0 days. The occurrence of I. suis oocysts in piglets did not correlate with the oocyst output in sows, which almost exclusively included genus Eimeria. Repeated parasitological and virological examination of steatorrhoeic faecal samples from 5-10 litters per herd at an age of 1-3 weeks would be helpful for making a herd diagnosis.  相似文献   

3.
SUMMARY: To determine the efficacy of toltrazuril as a prophylactic treatment for coccidiosis in piglets caused by Isospora suis (I suis) , a single 1.0 mL dose of toltrazuril was administered orally to 1056 piglets between 3 and 6 days of age, in 5 piggeries. Prophylactic treatment of piglets reduced the occurrence of coccidiosis in litters from 71% to 22%. The number of antibacterial treatments given and the number of piglets affected per litter were also significantly reduced, resulting in some improvement in growth rates to weaning. The severity of diarrhoea was significantly reduced, as was the amount of oocyst excretion. The number of days that piglets excreted oocysts in the faeces was reduced from 4.9 days to 2.5 days. The detection of J suis in piglets with diarrhoea was reduced from 84% in the untreated piglets to 6% in the piglets given the prophylactic treatment.  相似文献   

4.
The aim of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of coccidian infections in suckling piglets and sows in Poland. The research was carried out in 14 out of 16 Polish provinces in the years 2003-2005. The investigation was conducted on three types of farms: large farms (>100 sows), medium farms (25-100 sows) and small farms (<25 sows). Diarrhoea of unweaned piglets was observed on all the examined farms. Overall, 780 litters of suckling piglets from 104 farms and 267 mother sows were examined. The faeces were analyzed with the modified McMaster method. Isopsora suis was found in 217 (27.8%) litters from 70 (66.7%) farms. Eimeria spp. was detected only in 20 (2.6%) litters from 12 (11.5%) farms. On the large farms I. suis infection was detected in 31.7% of litters whereas Eimeria spp. in 1.4% of them. On the medium sized farms I. suis was found in 18.1% of litters and Eimeria spp. in 0.6%. On the small farms I. suis was detected in only 13.2% of litters, whereas Eimeria spp. in as many as 28.9%. I. suis and Eimeria spp. oocysts were found in 18 (6.7%) and 16 (6%) sows respectively. From 72 sows producing I. suis infected piglets only 12 (16.7%) shed I. suis oocysts and as little as 4 (5.6%) shed Eimeria oocysts. In the remaining 56 sows (77.8%) no cases of coccidian infections were detected. The results of this investigation demonstrate the high prevalence of I. suis in suckling piglets on the large swine farms in Poland.  相似文献   

5.
Christensen, S. AA. Henriksen: Shedding of oocysts in piglets experimentally infected with Isospora suis. Acta vet scand., 1994, 35, 165-172.–Forty-seven piglets were inoculated with doses of 100 to 50,000 sporulated oocysts of Isospora suis. After 5-7 days oocysts were found in faeces. The patent period extended from 8 to 16 days. The shedding of oocysts showed a cyclic pattern with 2-3 peaks separated by intervals of approximately 5 days. Subpatent periods were often seen between the peaks.The level of oocyst shedding during the initial days of the patent period reflected, to some extent, the inoculation dose. However, a maximum of OPG at the 100,000 level was observed among one or more piglets from all groups, regardless of the inoculation dose. Among the majority of piglets inoculated with more than 100 oocysts, the highest OPG-figures were observed in the first peak of the cyclic pattern. Unlike this, the maximum of OPG was observed in the second peak of the cycle among 6 of the 7 piglets inoculated with 100 oocysts only. The triphasic pattern was most pronounced in the low dosed group.The marked upscaling of oocyst production, as particularly registered in the low dosed groups, seams to explain at least part of the problems met under practical conditions, when trying to eliminate the transmission of oocysts between successive litters in the farrowing boxes.The cyclic excretion pattern and an apparent absence of autoinfections may indicate that the development of I. suis in the host includes several oocyst producing generations descending from the same initial infection.The presence of subpatent periods can probably explain the marked variation in OPG, as they are often recorded when examining faecal samples from piglets, even when the samples are originating from the same litter.  相似文献   

6.
In two studies carried out in 1974-75 on 10 eight and 25 two week old piglets obtained from a SPF-herd the endoparasitic status was determined. Samples of faeces were examined by microscopy which revealed the presence of Isospora suis, a finding that was quite unexpected in a SPF-herd. During days 17-23 pp. the 25 piglets were not found to excrete oocysts, the earliest findings of oocysts being made 24-35 days p.p. The 10 piglets being kept isolated in individual pens excreted oocysts up until 88 days p.p. The epidemiology of Isospora suis is discussed.  相似文献   

7.
In a group of conventional and gnotobiotic piglets experimentally infected with the Isospora suis coccidia the quantitative presence of acid and neutral mucous substances in the large intestine and the counts of goblet cells in the surface mucosa and in Lieberkühnis crypts (in the following text called just the crypts) were investigated. In conventional piglets infected with the dose of 200,000 oocysts of I. suis coccidia the lowest content of acid mucous substances was recorded from the eighth to tenth day after infection (DAI). A decrease in the activity of neutral mucous substances was somewhat slower. The lowest count of goblet cells was found on DAI 9, especially on the surface mucosa (4.89 to 4.91 goblet cells per 10 enterocytes). There was observed no difference in the piglets infected the first and fifth day after parturition (DAP). Gnotobiotic piglets infected with the dose of 100,000 oocysts of I. suis coccidia on DAP 1 showed the lowest content of mucous substances in the large intestine from the ninth to tenth day after infection. Unlike the conventional piglets, in gnotobiotic piglets there was recorded a decrease in the content of acid and neutral mucous substances. The gnotobiotic piglets had the lowest counts of goblet cells in the surface mucosa (10:4.57) and in the crypts (10:7.71) on DAI 9. As to the quantitative proportions, in the conventional and gnotobiotic piglets neutral mucous substances prevailed on the other days (DAI 3-7 and DAI 11), similarly like on DAI 8. The results of this investigation revealed a functional disease of the large intestine in conventional and gnotobiotic piglets infected experimentally with the Isospora suis coccidia.  相似文献   

8.
Thirty-two piglets from three litters were experimentally inoculated with 200000 sporulated oocysts of Isospora suis at 3 days of age and/or rechallenged at 19 days of age or primary inoculated at 19 days of age, to compare the role of acquired immunity and natural age resistance on the course of coccidiosis. Twelve piglets were not inoculated and served as a control. Following challenge, the signs of coccidiosis characterised by clinical symptoms, oocysts shedding and weekly weights were similar to those which occurred in piglets primary inoculated at 19 days of age. This comparison suggests that maturation of non-specific components of the immune system plays a more important role in the resistance of neonatal piglets to I. suis infection than specific immune mechanisms.  相似文献   

9.
Faecal samples from 232 domestic pigs raised on concrete, 98 free-ranging village pigs, and five wild boar showed 46.6 (108/232), 54 (53/98) and 80% (4/5) prevalence of coccidian oocysts, respectively. Eight species of Eimeria, and Isospora suis, were recovered. In their descending order of predominance in the pigs raised on concrete, the species of coccidia were E. debliecki (26.7%), E. scabra (22.4%), E. neodebliecki (19.8%), E. porci (15.5%), E. suis (11.6%), E. polita (8.6%), E. perminuta (7%), E. spinosa (5.6%) and I. suis (3.9%). The first five species listed above predominated in the village pigs as well. E. polita, E. spinosa and I. suis were not found in the wild boar. I. suis oocysts prevailed in 8.3% of the 36 sows on concrete, and in 11.1% (3/27) of those which were positive for coccidia. Isosporoid oocysts were absent in the village sows. Of the 125 less than 24-day-old piglets, 29.6% were diarrhoeic, and of these, 43.2% were positive for coccidia. Four of the 16 (25%) coccidia-positive, diarrhoeic piglets, and four of the 37 (10.8%) coccidia-positive non-diarrhoeic piglets shed I. suis oocysts, an observation which seems to weaken the present contention that I. suis is the primary causative agent of neonatal porcine coccidiosis. The highest mean number of oocysts per gram faeces (23,550) was recorded from the diarrhoeic farm piglets on concrete, and the lowest of 6,100 from the gestating farm sows. Mean opg data revealed very little significant quantitative variation between the corresponding age groups of the free-ranging village pigs and the commercially-farmed ones. One of the most interesting findings in the study was that the sows were more frequently infected than all other age groups.  相似文献   

10.
An observational study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Isospora suis oocysts in fecal samples from suckling piglets in Ontario, and to evaluate the relationship between the presence of I. suis oocysts and diarrhea. Fifty farms and 709 litters of piglets were included in the study. Oocysts were detected on 70% of farms, with 187 litters infected. A litter of pigs that was positive for oocysts was significantly more likely to exhibit diarrhea than a litter that was negative [odds ratio (OR) = 4.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.8 to 5.8; P < 0.001]. Management and housing factors were examined with respect to risk factors for the presence of I. suis. Farms that did not use a detergent when cleaning farrowing crates were 10-times more likely to be positive for I. suis than those that used a detergent (P = 0.007). It was concluded that coccidiosis is a common problem on Ontario swine farms.  相似文献   

11.
The lysosomal activity of enterocytes of the small intestine mucosa was investigated in gnotobiotic and conventional piglets experimentally infected on the first day after birth (DAB) by the oocysts of the coccidia Isospora suis. A method of the proof of beta-D-glucuronidase (EC.3.2.1.31.) activity was used to demonstrate lysosomes. The piglets were infected by different infection doses of oocysts (100,000 oocysts in gnotobiotic piglets and 200,000 oocysts in conventional piglets). In the gnotobiotic infected piglets the activity of beta-D-glucuronidase in enterocyte lysosomes was investigated in the period from day 3 to day 11 after infection (DAI) and in the infected conventional piglets in the period from day 2 to day 10 after infection. Comparing the control piglets, the group of gnotobiotic piglets at the age of 2-5 days and the group of conventional piglets at the age of 4-7 days, the higher activity of beta-D-glucuronidase was demonstrated in the lysosomes of intestinal mucosa enterocytes in the gnotobiotic control piglets (+5.30 of the average density value, Dx). In the infected gnotobiotic and conventional piglets the pattern of beta-D-glucuronidase activity was found to have three stages in the course of this infection. Two stages can be characterized by a great increase in the enzyme activity (DAI 3-9 in gnotobiotic piglets, DAI 2-3 and 7-9 in conventional piglets. The third stage, which is manifest mainly in the conventional infected piglets, is characterized by a marked decrease in the activity of beta-D-glucuronidase, reaching the level of control findings (DAI 10 and mainly 11 in gnotobiotic piglets. DAI 4-6 and 10 in conventional piglets). A topographical picture shows that the two stages of increase and the stage of beta-D-glucuronidase activity decrease occur in the whole small intestine without any predisposition defect of the enzyme in the different sections of the small intestine.  相似文献   

12.
Field study of coccidial and rotaviral diarrhoea in unweaned piglets   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A study of diarrhoea in unweaned piglets was carried out in nine herds, with special reference to the enteropathogenic agents which could be demonstrated. Coccidial (Isospora suis) and rotaviral infections were both identified, either singly or in combination. More extensive studies of I suis infection were undertaken in two of the herds and it was found that diarrhoea occurred most commonly in five- to 14-day-old piglets. Piglets with I suis infection were not necessarily diarrhoeic but grew poorly compared to uninfected piglets. I suis infection in litters correlated with oocyst excretion in sows. In herds with I suis infection, amprolium and monensin were used in the sow ration to achieve control, and in one herd oral dosing of piglets with amprolium in the first three or four days of life was carried out.  相似文献   

13.
The density of selected enzymes in the goblet cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine was studied in a group of 12 gnotobiotic piglets experimentally infected with the coccidium Isospora suis one day after parturition (DPP), using the Vickers M-786 scanning and integrating microdensity meter. At an infecting dose of 100,000 oocysts of I. suis, the histochemistry of the goblet cells of the mucous membrane of the piglets changed significantly in the period of 4 to 10 days after infection (DPI). Increases occur in the density of non-specific esterase (EC. 3.1.1.1.) and acid phosphatase (EC. 3.13.2.). The density of acid and neutral muco-substances declines and the densities of alkaline phosphatase (EC. 3.1.3.1.) and aminopeptidase M (EC. 3.4.11.2) are significantly high. The goblet cells of the mid and posterior parts of jejunum are very similar in their histochemistry in the experimentally infected gnotobiotic piglets. In the duodenum and ileum the histochemical picture of the goblet cells shows no substantial difference from the data recorded in the goblet cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of the four control piglets at an age of two to seven days.  相似文献   

14.
In the small intestine of 16 gnotobiotic piglets infected a day post partum (DPP) by Isospora suis coccidia the activities were studied of selected dehydrogenases and monoaminoxidase (O2 oxidoreductase, MAOx, EC 1.4.3.4.). The following dehydrogenases were investigated: succinate dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.3.99.1.), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (glycerol-3-phosphate:menadion oxidoreductase, GPOX, EC 1.1.99.5.) and tetrazolium oxidoreductase (NADH, ES 1.6.99.3.). The activities of NADH and GPOX were found to decrease, a decrease being somewhat milder in MAOx, at a high infection dose of I. suis oocysts (750,000 oocysts), in comparison with the control, already on the first day after infection (DAI). The SDH levels did not change. In piglets infected by a low infection dose of I. suis oocysts a double marked decrease (negative to slightly positive finding) was recorded in the period from the third to the eighth day after infection (DAI). A similar pattern with a longer time interval between the decreases was observed in GPOX (4th to 11th day after infection). The findings of SDH and MAOx activities were different. The SDH activity is maintained at the same level (++) for the whole period of investigation and there occurs a decrease (+) only on the 9th day after infection, persisting until 11 DAI. The MAOx activity and its change correspond to the SDH activity; the difference being that in the second group the starting level is high ( ) and on the eleventh day after infection it is low or medium (0-++), in comparison with the standard. This variability is discernible from 8th DAI.  相似文献   

15.
Twenty-eight piglets coming from a "specific pathogen free" herd were inoculated at three days of age with 50 000 or 100 000 sporulated oocysts of Isospora suis. Fecal samples were examined for oocyst shedding daily and several clinical parameters were recorded. Ten piglets were used as normal controls. Groups of piglets were euthanized from three days to 12 days postinoculation and routine necropsies were performed. Bacteriological, virological, parasitological and histopathological examinations were made on the intestinal tracts. The incubation period was four to five days. Clinical signs and microscopic intestinal lesions observed in the experimentally infected animals were similar to those reported in spontaneous cases of porcine neonatal coccidiosis. Lesions of villous atrophy in the small intestine seemed to result from the destruction of villous epithelial cells mainly during the peak of asexual reproduction which occurred around four to five days postinoculation. Intracellular coccidial organisms were difficult to find during the late atrophic and villous regrowth stages of the intestinal lesions. The prepatent period varied from four to seven days and the most common was five days. Eighty percent of the piglets kept alive more than four days postinoculation have shed oocysts. Piglets dosed with old sporulated oocysts (ten months old) shed many more oocysts than those infected with a fresh inoculum (less than two months old). The patent period was not determined precisely with the design of the experiment but some of the infected piglets shed oocysts for at least five days.  相似文献   

16.
In gnotobiotical and conventional piglets infected a day post partum (DPP) with oocysts of the coccidium Isospora suis, densitometrical analysis of the activity of aminopeptidase M (EC.3.4.11.2; APM) was performed in the area of microvillous zone of the small intestine. Piglets were infected with different infection doses of oocysts (100,000 oocysts) in gnotobiotical piglets and 200,000 oocysts in conventional piglets). In infected gnotobiotical piglets, the APM activity was studied in the period from the 3rd to 11th day after infection (DAI) and in infected conventional piglets in the period of to the 2nd to 10th day after infection (DAI). Control piglets, in the group of the gnotobiotical animals at the age of 2 to 5 days in the group of the conventional animals at the age of 4 to 7 days, had different APM activity in the microvillous zone of the intestinal mucosa. It was stated that the microvillous zone of the intestinal mucosa gained higher values in control conventional piglets (+7.01 mean values of density). In infected gnotobiotical piglets the density fall of the reaction product of APM was demonstrated already on the third day with further marked reduction of APM density on the 4th day after infection in the whole small intestine with predominance of the persisting APM activity in ileum. Even despite the slight increase in the density of the reaction product of APM in the period from the 5th to 7th DAI (the highest increase in APM density on the 6th DAI), a further decrease of the activity was recorded again on the 8th and namely the 9th DAI in the whole small intestine (the lowest value of density was found in the rear jejunum), the ileum mucosa being affected, too. A slightly higher density of the reaction product of APM was found in the duodenum. On the 10th DAI the APM density started to change and on the 11th DAI in the duodenum and in the middle jejunum it even reached higher values in comparison with the control data. Some differences were proved in the infected conventional piglets in comparison with the development of the APM activity in the small intestine mucosa in the infected gnotobiotical piglets. On the 3rd and 4th DAI APM defect occurred in the whole small intestine, with APM density prevailing in the ileum mucosa (like in the group of infected gnotobiotical piglets). The second period of decrease in APM activity lasted for almost four days (6th to 9th DAI).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)  相似文献   

17.
Faeces samples from 11 sows and their litters and intestinal contents and scrapings collected from 56 piglets at the time of slaughter were examined for Isospora suis. The findings indicate that oocysts with sporoblasts can be found in faeces samples 24 hours after collection; the prepatent period is about six to nine days and the patent period three to eight days (adjudged under non-experimental conditions); piglets in an infected herd are normally resistant to natural infection for the first three weeks of life. Infection is followed by the development of an active immunity which is not affected by the stress of farrowing.  相似文献   

18.
Faecal specimens from 162 piglets, aged 1-5 months, from four farms around Harare were examined for coccidia during 1989-1990. Oocyst count per gram (OPG) of faeces was determined by the McMaster technique. Identification of Eimeria species was done after sporulation of oocysts in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. Measurements of sporulated oocysts were taken from 20 positive cases by using calibrated eye micrometer. Overall incidence was 25.3% (41/162) varying between 15 and 39.5% at different farms. The OPG ranged between 150 and 11,300. Eight species of Eimeria were identified, namely, Eimeria debliecki, Eimeria perminuta, Eimeria suis, Eimeria polita, Eimeria neodebliecki, Eimeria porci, Eimeria scabra and Eimeria spinosa, shown in the order of their prevalence. Eimeria debliecki was the most predominant, showing highest oocyst counts in 45% of 20 pigs, followed by E. suis (25%) and E. polita (20%). On two occasions only one Eimeria sp. was found while in the other 18 (90%) cases, mixed infections of two to six species were recorded.  相似文献   

19.
At present neonatal coccidiosis caused by Isospora suis is known to be an important disease in piglets. The coccidium I. suis was diagnosed as the causative agent of diarrhoeic disease in piglets on a large pig farm with continuous farrowing operation. The diagnosis of coccidiosis was based on clinical history, gross lesions, histopathology, stained impression smears and aided by detection of oocysts in the faeces. Coccidiosis was associated with diarrhoea in piglets at the age of five to fourteen days. The disease was characterized by variable morbidity and only a portion of the litters was usually affected at one time. The piglets appeared listless, and suffered from yellow watery scours progressing to yellow pasty scours over a three- to five-day period. The lack of response to common antimicrobial therapy, and/or vaccination of sows for E. coli was observed. The prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of tortrazuril (Baycox, Bayer) against coccidiosis was evaluated in naturally infected piglets. Tortrazuril at a dose of 20 mg/kg, given perorally to each piglet on days 6 and 8 of age, proved to be efficacious in preventing clinical coccidiosis in piglets. Tortrazuril fully controlled the oocyst output, prevented the development of diarrhoea but not improved the weight gains in three-week-old piglets if compared to the untreated controls. The prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of tortrazuril was compared with another drug--amprolium (Amprovin, MSD). Amprolium at a dose of 100 mg/kg, given perorally to piglets from day 6 to 8 of age, was not efficacious in preventing clinical porcine neonatal coccidiosis. Amprolium reduced the oocyst output, but not prevented the development of diarrhoea. Tortrazuril (Baycox, Bayer) is clearly effective against porcine neonatal coccidiosis caused by I. suis.  相似文献   

20.
A cross-sectional survey was performed on 20 pig breeding farms in southern Hesse, central Germany, to evaluate the prevalence and age-dependent occurrence of intestinal protozoan parasites in unweaned piglets. Faecal samples of 514 clinically unaffected piglets of different age (< 1 to 5-7 weeks) were examined using the sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin (SAF) concentration technique. Infections with the following protozoan species were detected: Balantidium coli (16 of 20 farms), Entamoeba sp. (15), Jodamoeba sp. (14), Isospora (I.) suis (9), Chilomastix sp. (6) and Eimeria spp. (6). The protozoan species differed in the start and course of (oo)cyst excretion. I. suis oocysts and Jodamoeba cysts were detected already in the first week of life whereas shedding of the other parasites started later on. The prevalence of Isospora oocyst excretion increased to a maximum (18%) in 2-3 weeks old animals followed by a sharp decline. The proportion of Balantidium, Entamoeba or Jodamoeba positive suckling piglets continously increased until the age of 5-7 weeks to 60%, 52% and 22%, respectively, whereas that of Chilomastix positive animals remained on a low level of 8-12% independent of the age. Eimeria oocysts were found transiently in the faeces of 1-4 weeks old piglets.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号