共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Alternative forms of triosephosphate dehydrogenase in Chromatium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Triosephosphate dehydrogenase was purified extensively from the obligately phototrophic bacterium Chromatium. Enzyme prepared from photolithotrophically grown cells differed in several properties from enzyme prepared from photoorganotrophically grown cells. Either form of the enzyme could be transformed in vitro to the other by mild oxidation or reduction, which effected both Michaelis constants and reactive -SH contents of the proteins. 相似文献
2.
We report a previously unknown process in which anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria use nitrite as an electron donor for photosynthesis. We isolated a purple sulfur bacterium 98% identical to Thiocapsa species that stoichiometrically oxidizes nitrite to nitrate in the light. Growth and nitrate production strictly depended on both light and nitrite. This is the first known microbial mechanism for the stoichiometric oxidation of nitrite to nitrate in the absence of oxygen and the only known photosynthetic oxidation in the nitrogen cycle. This work demonstrates nitrite as the highest-potential electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis known so far. 相似文献
3.
Olcott AN Sessions AL Corsetti FA Kaufman AJ de Oliviera TF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5747):471-474
Laterally extensive black shales were deposited on the S?o Francisco craton in southeastern Brazil during low-latitude Neoproterozoic glaciation approximately 740 to 700 million years ago. These rocks contain up to 3.0 weight % organic carbon, which we interpret as representing the preserved record of abundant marine primary productivity from glacial times. Extractable biomarkers reflect a complex and productive microbial ecosystem, including both phototrophic bacteria and eukaryotes, living in a stratified ocean with thin or absent sea ice, oxic surface waters, and euxinic conditions within the photic zone. Such an environment provides important constraints for parts of the "Snowball Earth" hypothesis. 相似文献
4.
Raymond J Zhaxybayeva O Gogarten JP Gerdes SY Blankenship RE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5598):1616-1620
The process of photosynthesis has had profound global-scale effects on Earth; however, its origin and evolution remain enigmatic. Here we report a whole-genome comparison of representatives from all five groups of photosynthetic prokaryotes and show that horizontal gene transfer has been pivotal in their evolution. Excluding a small number of orthologs that show congruent phylogenies, the genomes of these organisms represent mosaics of genes with very different evolutionary histories. We have also analyzed a subset of "photosynthesis-specific" genes that were elucidated through a differential genome comparison. Our results explain incoherencies in previous data-limited phylogenetic analyses of phototrophic bacteria and indicate that the core components of photosynthesis have been subject to lateral transfer. 相似文献
5.
The effect of a mixed culture of non-nitrogen fixing bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens 20 and nitrogen-fixing bacterium Pseudomonas putida 23 on winter wheat grain yield, nitrogen removal by plants, and content of protein and ash elements in grain against a background of nitrogen fertilizer was studied in a microplot experiment on gray forest soil. 相似文献
6.
Wilkinson CR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,219(4583):410-412
Nine of the ten most common sponge species on the fore-reef slope of Davies Reef(Great Barrier Reef) contain symbiotic cyanobacteria. Six of the ten are net primary producers, with three times more oxygen produced by photosynthesis than is consumed during respiration. Light interception is enhanced by morphological flattening, thereby increasing the potential for phototrophic nutrition, a factor crucial in the ecology of most sessile coral reef invertebrates. 相似文献
7.
Strauss E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5500):2231-2233
Work presented last week at the annual meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology in San Francisco suggests that applying a harmless bacterium or its products to surgical wounds may thwart infections by the dangerous pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Although physicians have previously pitted one bacterium against another to prevent infections of the intestinal and genitourinary tracts, this is the first attempt to use a friendly microbe to prevent infection of surgical wounds, say experts. The findings also point to a possible mechanism for this "bacterial interference." They suggest that a protein secreted by the harmless bacterium prevents the pathogen from getting a foothold in injured tissue. 相似文献
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9.
从福建省平潭岛野生坛紫菜群体中发现有患细菌性红烂病的叶状体,从患病的叶状体上分离得到病原细菌一株,经16S rDNA序列分析发现其与细菌域海螺菌目(Oceanospirillales)、盐单胞菌科(Halomonadaceae)、Cobetia属的海科贝特菌(Cobetia marina)的相似度达100%。病原细菌经液体培养基扩大培养后,将适量的菌液接种到不同种紫菜和坛紫菜不同品系的叶状体圆盘块上进行人工回复感染试验以确定其感染特性。结果发现该病原细菌能感染健康野生坛紫菜且出现的病症与海区患病坛紫菜相同,且该病原细菌对不同种紫菜(坛紫菜、条斑紫菜、未定名紫菜)的叶状体圆盘块和不同品系的坛紫菜(AN-2,YZ-6,JIU-7,ZS-1)叶状体圆盘块均能快速感染,所产生的病症与野生坛紫菜叶状体感染红烂病的症状相同:均出现了铁锈红色的死亡细胞,且同时含有少量被解离的单离细胞。上述结果说明分离到的病原细菌是坛紫菜红烂病的病原细菌,可以快速感染各种不同的紫菜叶状体。 相似文献
10.
通过建立体外药动模型的方法,研究诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌Aerom onas hydrophila的药动-药效（简称PK-PD）参数。结果表明：在消除半衰期为3.4 h的模型内,2M IC（最小抑菌浓度）、4M IC和8M IC的诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌能够抑制4 h,4 h后细菌出现再生长,而16M IC的诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌能够起到持续的抑制作用;在消除半衰期为77 h的模型内,2M IC的诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌能够抑制4 h,4 h后细菌出现再生长,而4M IC、8M IC和16M IC对嗜水气单胞菌能够起到持续的抑制作用。消除半衰期为3.4 h的模型内,当AUC0→24 h/M IC（药时曲线下面积与最小抑菌浓度的比值）〉42.43±9.21,Cm ax/M IC（峰浓度与最小抑菌浓度的比值）〉15.78±0.22时,诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌能够起到持续的抑制作用;消除半衰期为77 h的模型内,当AUC0→24 h/M IC〉41.87±10.16,Cm ax/M IC〉4.79±0.11时,诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌能够起到持续的抑制作用。 相似文献
11.
荧光假单孢细菌培养的无细胞滤液导致松萎蔫的病状观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将松材线虫携带的致病细菌无细胞滤液、无菌松材线虫和致病细菌混合物、致病细菌鞭毛蛋白无细胞滤液、无菌松材线虫、无菌松材线虫和非致病细菌混合物接种黑松导致的松树萎蔫的病状与野生松材线虫导致松树萎蔫的病状进行观察和对比,结果为:(1)经培养的致病荧光假单孢菌GcM5-1A菌株的无细胞滤液、无菌松材线虫和致病细菌GcM5-1A混合物接种导致的黑松的病状变化趋势与松材线虫致死的黑松病状是一致的;无菌松材线虫、无菌松材线虫和非致病细菌AM2C混合物不能使黑松发病;(2)致病细菌GcM5-1A无细胞滤液和野生松材线虫导致的黑松病状和病程天数无显著差异;(3)接种无菌松材线虫和致病细菌GcM5-1A混合物的黑松病程显著长于接种野生松材线虫的黑松.结果可以用松萎蔫病是松材线虫和其携带的细菌的复合侵染病害的假说和松材线虫与其携带的细菌之间的互惠共生关系的论点来解释,说明松材线虫携带的致病细菌无细胞滤液是松萎蔫病致病的真正原因. 相似文献
12.
向日葵核盘菌一种拮抗菌的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从土壤带菌的菌核上分离出一种向日葵核盘菌的拮抗菌,初步鉴定为革兰氏阴性菌,杆状。该菌室内平板对峙培养表现出良好的拮抗效果,拮抗带宽度可达到10 mm以上,且转代培养后其拮抗活性稳定。拮抗菌培养液对向日葵种子萌发没有明显的抑制作用,对生根有一定的促进作用。温室盆栽试验证明该菌对向日葵幼苗期菌核病有明显防效,成苗率达到75%,而对照只有34%。该拮抗菌可作为向日葵菌核病的生防材料进一步加以研究和利用。 相似文献
13.
微生物菌群之间配比协调关系的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对乳酸杆菌、乳酸球菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、酵母菌、大肠杆菌等菌种进行单独培养和不同比例的混合培养,测定了发酵过程中pH值、活菌数量及光密度的变化情况。结果表明,与含有25%混合菌液的发酵麸皮相比,含50%混合菌液的发酵麸皮,在发酵24 h后的需氧或厌氧活菌总数都有升高趋势(P>0.05),发酵1周后其pH值的下降趋势明显(P<0.05),说明乳酸菌数越多使pH下降越大。利用需氧(LB)和厌氧(MRS)培养液分别交叉培养需氧菌和厌氧菌,均能在相应的培养基上生长。充分说明厌氧菌和需氧菌混合培养在理论上是可行的。但是,如果用滤菌膜过滤后的培养过乳酸菌的MRS培养基来培养需氧菌时,这些菌种均不能在滤液中生长。 相似文献
14.
紫菜叶状体的红烂病研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从福建省平潭岛野生坛紫菜群体中发现有患细菌性红烂病的叶状体,从患病的叶状体上分离得到病原细菌一株,经16S rDNA序列分析发现其与细菌域海螺菌目(Oceanospirillales)、盐单胞菌科(Halomonadaceae)、Cobetia属的海科贝特菌(Cobetia marina)的相似度达100%。病原细菌经液体培养基扩大培养后,将适量的菌液接种到不同种紫菜和坛紫菜不同品系的叶状体圆盘块上进行人工回复感染试验以确定其感染特性。结果发现该病原细菌能感染健康野生坛紫菜且出现的病症与海区患病坛紫菜相同,且该病原细菌对不同种紫菜(坛紫菜、条斑紫菜、未定名紫菜)的叶状体圆盘块和不同品系的坛紫菜(AN-2,YZ-6,JIU-7,ZS-1)叶状体圆盘块均能快速感染,所产生的病症与野生坛紫菜叶状体感染红烂病的症状相同:均出现了铁锈红色的死亡细胞,且同时含有少量被解离的单离细胞。上述结果说明分离到的病原细菌是坛紫菜红烂病的病原细菌,可以快速感染各种不同的紫菜叶状体。 相似文献
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16.
针对马里亚纳海沟、玛索海沟、新不列颠海沟东部、新不列颠海沟中部等4个采样点的3种钩虾共120个样品,利用16S rRNA-RFLP分析方法对不同样品间的微生物组成进行研究,并比较了4个采样点的细菌群落结构多样性。结果表明:4个采样点钩虾肠道的微生物多样性有着显著差别。马里亚纳海沟Hirondellea gigas钩虾肠道细菌的优势菌群为嗜冷单胞菌属(Psychromonas sp.)和Uncultured bacterium,分别占37.05%和18.52%。玛索海沟Bathycallisoma(syn.Scopelocheirus)schellenbergi钩虾肠道细菌的优势菌群为Uncultured Mollicutes bacterium和Uncultured deep-sea bacterium,分别占62.5%和25%。新不列颠海沟东部Alicella gigantean钩虾肠道细菌的优势菌群为Uncultured Mollicutes bacterium和Uncultured Mycoplasmataceae bacterium,含量分别占到50%和44.44%。新不列颠中部的A.gigantean钩虾肠道细菌的优势菌群为Psychromonas sp.、Uncultured Mollicutes bacterium、Uncultured Mycoplasmataceae bacterium和Uncultured bacterium,含量分别为39.29%、32.14%、14.29%和10.71%。Uncultured Mollicutes bacterium在玛索海沟S.schellenbergi肠道内占了62.5%,在新不列颠海沟东部A.gigantean肠道内的含量为50%,在新不列颠海沟中部A.gigantean肠道内含量为32.14%,而在马里亚纳海沟H.gigas肠道中仅占3.7%。由此可见,4个采样点3种钩虾肠道内微生物多样性丰富、且存在较大的差异,马里亚纳海沟H.gigas肠道内微生物物种最丰富、且种群结构最复杂,玛索海沟S.schellenbergi钩虾和新不列颠海沟A.gigantean钩虾次之。 相似文献
17.
采用含16μg/mL亚胺培南选择剂的MH琼脂培养基,从外观健康猪新鲜粪便中分离培养获得1株耐亚胺培南细菌。该菌镜检为粗大的球杆状革兰氏阳性菌,生化发酵赖氨酸、七叶苷和木糖醇均为阳性,对10种常规抗生素均呈高度耐药,具有“超级细菌”的特点。经聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增、克隆及测序分析该菌株16S rRNA,将其初步鉴定为沃氏葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus warneri)。鉴于猪与人类健康关系密切,该结果提示应加强对猪源细菌耐药性监测及基础研究。 相似文献
18.
Bacteria are often highly polarized, exhibiting specialized structures at or near the ends of the cell. Among such structures are actin-organizing centers, which mediate the movement of certain pathogenic bacteria within the cytoplasm of an animal host cell; organized arrays of membrane receptors, which govern chemosensory behavior in swimming bacteria; and asymmetrically positioned septa, which generate specialized progeny in differentiating bacteria. This polarization is orchestrated by complex and dynamic changes in the subcellular localization of signal transduction and cytoskeleton proteins as well as of specific regions of the chromosome. Recent work has provided information on how dynamic subcellular localization occurs and how it is exploited by the bacterial cell. The main task of a bacterial cell is to survive and duplicate itself. The bacterium must replicate its genetic material and divide at the correct site in the cell and at the correct time in the cell cycle with high precision. Each kind of bacterium also executes its own strategy to find nutrients in its habitat and to cope with conditions of stress from its environment. This involves moving toward food, adapting to environmental extremes, and, in many cases, entering and exploiting a eukaryotic host. These activities often involve processes that take place at or near the poles of the cell. Here we explore some of the schemes bacteria use to orchestrate dynamic changes at their poles and how these polar events execute cellular functions. In spite of their small size, bacteria have a remarkably complex internal organization and external architecture. Bacterial cells are inherently asymmetric, some more obviously so than others. The most easily recognized asymmetries involve surface structures, e.g., flagella, pili, and stalks that are preferentially assembled at one pole by many bacteria. "New" poles generated at the cell division plane differ from old poles from the previous round of cell division. Even in Escherichia coli, which is generally thought to be symmetrical, old poles are more static than new poles with respect to cell wall assembly (1), and they differ in the deposition of phospholipid domains (2). There are many instances of differential polar functions; among these is the preferential use of old poles when attaching to host cells as in the interaction of Bradyrhizobium with plant root hairs (3) or the polar pili-mediated attachment of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogen to tracheal epithelia (4). An unusual polar organelle that mediates directed motility on solid surfaces is found in the nonpathogenic bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. The gliding motility of this bacterium is propelled by a nozzle-like structure that squirts a polysaccharide-containing slime from the pole of the cell (5). Interestingly, M. xanthus, which has nozzles at both poles, can reverse direction by closing one nozzle and opening the other in response to end-to-end interactions between cells. 相似文献
19.
洋葱抑菌作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究浓度以及不同提取工艺对洋葱提取物抑菌作用的影响。[方法]对生熟洋葱汁的抑菌能力、不同浓度的生熟洋葱汁抑菌效果、生熟洋葱汁对不同菌种的抑制作用及不同提取方法从洋葱中提取的具有抑菌作用脂溶性物质抑菌能力进行比较。[结果]生洋葱汁的抑菌效果比熟洋葱汁的抑菌效果好,洋葱汁对革兰氏阳性菌(枯草芽孢杆菌)和革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)都产生抑菌作用,而对酿酒酵母和米曲霉没有抑菌作用。洋葱汁对革兰氏阴性菌的抑制作用比对革兰氏阳性菌的抑制效果好,在效价浓度以上,随生洋葱汁浓度的增大对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌效果越好。生洋葱汁对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌时的洋葱汁液与无菌水比例均为1.30∶1.00。[结论]为洋葱的日常食用以及洋葱在食品工业中的深加工和保健食品开发提供了科学依据。 相似文献
20.
为了测定菌剂对农副产品加工废弃物堆肥腐熟的促进作用,采用不同有机物质与菌剂按不同比例配合,进行高温好氧堆制。用固相C/N小于20和水堇种子的发芽系数大于50%来综合评价堆肥的腐熟度。结果表明,菌剂的加入对于堆肥腐熟度的提高具有明显的促进作用,同时还可以显著改善堆肥无害化进程,施用加入菌剂的堆肥能显著提高种子的发芽系数。 相似文献